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This project investigated the relative efficiencies of three pilot-scale constructed columns for enhancing drainage wastewater treatment processes to ensure compliance with Egyptian and international water quality criteria. In this investigation, basic materials (sand and gravel) and variable natural clay minerals zeolite (Z), diatomite (D) and bentonite (B) were utilized as packing materials to build up a Z column (ZC), D column (DC) and B column (BC), respectively. The three columns’ ability to remove pollutants from waste water for re-use in irrigation was investigated throughout one year (12 trials). The results revealed that the influent water had 211 mg/L total suspended solids, 6.09 mg/L total nitrogen, 36.67 mg/L biochemical oxygen demand, 56 mg/L chemical oxygen demand, 1700 mg/L total dissolved solids, 0.97 mg/L copper (Cu2+), 1.12 mg/L iron (Fe2+), 1.07 mg/L manganese (Mn2+), 1.02 mg/L lead (Pb2+), 1.05 mg/L zinc (Zn2+), and 46 × 103 CFU/mL fecal coliforms. These parameters were higher than the values permitted by Egyptian and international licenses. The range of removal efficiency of these pollutants by ZC was 96–21%, by BC was 99–29.8%, and by DC was 99–19.80%. Regeneration studies for the spent adsorbents demonstrated that the percentages of pollutant removal were sufficiently high. The treated effluent produced by the three columns was suitable for irrigation purposes, especially at a contact time of four hours, with the order for column treatment efficiency being BC ˃ DC ˃ ZC. Treated water was classified for irrigation suitability according to the Agrifood Water Quality Index (AFWQI) as marginal from the ZC, very good from the DC, and excellent from the BC. Treatment of such drainage water using the BC and DC appears feasible, because the process is easily operated and leads to final treated effluent of high quality for agricultural uses. The economic cost also confirms the feasibility of this treatment.
Elsayed ElBastamy; Lubna Ibrahim; Atef Ghandour; Martina Zelenakova; Zuzana Vranayova; Mohamed Abu-Hashim. Efficiency of Natural Clay Mineral Adsorbent Filtration Systems in Wastewater Treatment for Potential Irrigation Purposes. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5738 .
AMA StyleElsayed ElBastamy, Lubna Ibrahim, Atef Ghandour, Martina Zelenakova, Zuzana Vranayova, Mohamed Abu-Hashim. Efficiency of Natural Clay Mineral Adsorbent Filtration Systems in Wastewater Treatment for Potential Irrigation Purposes. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5738.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElsayed ElBastamy; Lubna Ibrahim; Atef Ghandour; Martina Zelenakova; Zuzana Vranayova; Mohamed Abu-Hashim. 2021. "Efficiency of Natural Clay Mineral Adsorbent Filtration Systems in Wastewater Treatment for Potential Irrigation Purposes." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5738.
Preserving the sustainable agriculture concept requires identifying the plant response to the water regime and rationing the water for irrigation. This research compares different irrigation designs coupled with a parametric evaluation system on soil water erosion and soil suitability to assess the sites vulnerable to soil erosion based on a soil water erosion model (ImpelERO) in an area of 150.0 hectares, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Land suitability maps are prepared using the Geographic Information System (GIS), and the soil properties are analyzed and evaluated for the different surface, sprinkler, and drip irrigation methods. The results show that the sprinkler and drip irrigation strategies are more practical irrigation methods and additional environment friendly than surface irrigation for enhancing land productivity. Moreover, the principle acumen for creating use of the surface irrigation on this space is for lowering the soil salinity. Land capability index for surface irrigation ranges from 20.5 to 72.2% (permanently not suitable N2 to moderately suitable S2); and the max capability index (Ci) for drip irrigation was 81.3% (highly suitable-S1), while the mean capability index (Ci) was 42.87% (Currently not suitable-NI). The land suitability of the study area using sprinkler irrigation was ranked as highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and currently not suitable (N1). Thus, the obtained data indicated that applying drip irrigation (trickle irrigation) was the most efficient system compared to the sprinkle and surface irrigation systems. To identify the soil, water erosion vulnerability, and soil optimal management strategies for the agricultural parcel in that region, the ImpelERO model (soil erosion vulnerability/impact/management) was applied. Erosion risk classes ranged from V2 (small) to V3 (moderate), that that region categorized as small-sensitive to water erosion by alfalfa, to moderate-sensitive to water erosion by olive. The results of soil losses varied from 7.1 to 37.9 t ha−1 yr−1 with an average of 17.7 t ha−1 yr−1. Thus, guarantee efficient water use and soil suitability for food production in the future will require the use of an efficient irrigation system.
Mohamed Abu-Hashim; Ahmed Sayed; Martina Zelenakova; Zuzana Vranayová; Mohamed Khalil. Soil Water Erosion Vulnerability and Suitability under Different Irrigation Systems Using Parametric Approach and GIS, Ismailia, Egypt. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1057 .
AMA StyleMohamed Abu-Hashim, Ahmed Sayed, Martina Zelenakova, Zuzana Vranayová, Mohamed Khalil. Soil Water Erosion Vulnerability and Suitability under Different Irrigation Systems Using Parametric Approach and GIS, Ismailia, Egypt. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1057.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Abu-Hashim; Ahmed Sayed; Martina Zelenakova; Zuzana Vranayová; Mohamed Khalil. 2021. "Soil Water Erosion Vulnerability and Suitability under Different Irrigation Systems Using Parametric Approach and GIS, Ismailia, Egypt." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1057.
Unsustainable agricultural practices that minimize soil organic matter can promote the removal of heavy metal pollutants into the food chain. Such polluted soils can release contaminants into the groundwater, which leads to accumulation in plant tissue that is transferred to animals, birds, insects, and humans. Biomonitors of soil pollution with heavy metals can be identified by the ground beetles Calosoma chlorostictum (Coleoptera: Carabidae) as bioindicators of soil quality and its yield sustainability. The experiment was performed on two sites in Zagazig City (30.62°N, 31.44°E), Egypt. The physicochemical parameters indicated that soil moisture and organic matter had the highest differences in the polluted agricultural soil compared to the reference soil. However, there were no significant differences in chloride content. The atomic absorption analysis exhibited the highest concentration recorded for arsenic (As) and the lowest for selenium (Se) in the polluted soil and the insect’s midgut. Meanwhile, the differences between heavy metal concentrations in the total soil and midgut of C. chlorostictum from current sites indicated that the highest differences were in aluminum (Al) and mercury (Hg), while arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) were the lowest. Furthermore, the correlation between heavy metal concentrations in the soil and insect midgut was highest in As, while the lowest correlation was noticed in Al. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) that showed a more considerable disturbance in the C. chlorostictum midgut epithelial layer collected from the agricultural area than in the insects collected from the reference area. Evident ultrastructural alterations showed a rupture and distortion of microvilli, destruction of the columnar and regenerative cells, large separation between epithelial cells, and stretching of the cellular axis, as a result of which the lumen became very narrow. Moreover, a lot of vacuoles with little enzyme secretion were observed in the columnar epithelial cells. In addition, other manifestations due to pollution with heavy metals such as a pyknotic nucleus with abnormal chromatin, cytoplasmic vacuolization, disruptions, and vacuolation of mitochondria were detected, as well as the appearance of electron-dense vesicles, a lot of lysosomes, large myelin figures, and dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum on account of soil contamination. Potential counteractive health influence in such applications could be avoided if the soil was adequately treated.
Enas E. Nasr; Zeinab Z. Khater; Martina Zelenakova; Zuzana Vranayova; Mohamed Abu-Hashim. Soil Physicochemical Properties, Metal Deposition, and Ultrastructural Midgut Changes in Ground Beetles, Calosoma chlorostictum, under Agricultural Pollution. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1 .
AMA StyleEnas E. Nasr, Zeinab Z. Khater, Martina Zelenakova, Zuzana Vranayova, Mohamed Abu-Hashim. Soil Physicochemical Properties, Metal Deposition, and Ultrastructural Midgut Changes in Ground Beetles, Calosoma chlorostictum, under Agricultural Pollution. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnas E. Nasr; Zeinab Z. Khater; Martina Zelenakova; Zuzana Vranayova; Mohamed Abu-Hashim. 2020. "Soil Physicochemical Properties, Metal Deposition, and Ultrastructural Midgut Changes in Ground Beetles, Calosoma chlorostictum, under Agricultural Pollution." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 1.
Soil carbon sequestration is a riskier long-term strategy for climate mitigation than direct emissions reduction, but it plays a main role in closing carbon emission gaps. Effects of long-term cultivation on soil carbon sequestration were studied at the western edge of the Nile Delta near Alexandria, Egypt. Seven agricultural fields of different ages (0–50 years in use) were selected and compared with the surrounding desert (virgin soil) and desert shrub-land. Samples were taken at three horizons, 0–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm, and tested for differences in physical and chemical properties. The results of long-term cultivation reveal that the European Commission (EC) value was 11.77 dS/m in virgin soil, while the EC values decreased to 5.82, 4.23, 3.74, 2.40, and 2.26 dS/m after 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 years of cultivation, respectively. The calcareous rock fraction smaller than 50 μm in size revealed another phenomenon, where active calcium carbonate content increased with cultivation practices from 1.15% (virgin soil) to 5.42%, 6.47%, 8.38%, and 10.13% after 5, 10, 20, and 30 years of cultivation, respectively, while shrub-land also showed a low amount of active CaCO3 with 1.38%. In fifty years of cultivation, soil bulk density decreased significantly from 1.67 to 1.11 g/cm3, and it decreased to 1.65, 1.44, 1.40, and 1.25 g/cm3 after 5, 10, 20, and 30 years, respectively. These results reveal that the increase in soil carbon stock in the upper 90 cm amounted to 41.02 t C/ha after five years of cultivation, compared to virgin soil with 13.47 t C/ha. Soil carbon levels increased steeply during the five years of cultivation, with an average rate of 8.20 t C/ha per year in the upper 90 cm. After the first five years of cultivation, the carbon sequestration rate slowed, reaching 4.68, 3.77, 2.58, and 1.93 t C/ha per year after 10, 20, 30, and 50 years, respectively, resulting in sequestration-potential values of 46.78, 75.63, 77.43, and 96.45 t C/ha. These results indicate that potential soil carbon sequestration resembles a logarithmic curve until the equilibrium state between carbon application and decomposition by microorganisms is reached.
Manal Alnaimy; Martina Zelenakova; Zuzana Vranayova; Mohamed Abu-Hashim. Effects of Temporal Variation in Long-Term Cultivation on Organic Carbon Sequestration in Calcareous Soils: Nile Delta, Egypt. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1 .
AMA StyleManal Alnaimy, Martina Zelenakova, Zuzana Vranayova, Mohamed Abu-Hashim. Effects of Temporal Variation in Long-Term Cultivation on Organic Carbon Sequestration in Calcareous Soils: Nile Delta, Egypt. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManal Alnaimy; Martina Zelenakova; Zuzana Vranayova; Mohamed Abu-Hashim. 2020. "Effects of Temporal Variation in Long-Term Cultivation on Organic Carbon Sequestration in Calcareous Soils: Nile Delta, Egypt." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 1.
Hanan Ali; NahlaA Ahmed; Mohamed Said Abu-Hashim. Potential Effect of Irrigation Intervals and Potassium Phthalate on Fennel Plants Grown in Semi-Arid Regions. Egyptian Journal of Soil Science 2020, 60, 83 -98.
AMA StyleHanan Ali, NahlaA Ahmed, Mohamed Said Abu-Hashim. Potential Effect of Irrigation Intervals and Potassium Phthalate on Fennel Plants Grown in Semi-Arid Regions. Egyptian Journal of Soil Science. 2020; 60 (1):83-98.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHanan Ali; NahlaA Ahmed; Mohamed Said Abu-Hashim. 2020. "Potential Effect of Irrigation Intervals and Potassium Phthalate on Fennel Plants Grown in Semi-Arid Regions." Egyptian Journal of Soil Science 60, no. 1: 83-98.
Evaluating water quality indicators is a crucial issue in integrated water resource management, since potable water is an essential resource for the world's health and sustainable development. The current study was developed using a coupled model of MODFLOW and MT3DMS (Mass Transport 3-Dimension Multi-Species) to integrate two water supply systems, surface water (polluted drains and canals) and ground water, to identify the contamination process of the groundwater from drains as fresh water is polluted and the contamination level exceeds the standard limits. The study was applied to two cases: the first was a hypothetical simulation and the second was the real case of the Nile Delta Aquifer (NDA). Four different scenarios were simulated to first identify groundwater contamination by total dissolved solids (TDS), and then select the more efficient protection process. The first scenario involved changing polluted drain and canal boundary conditions regarding head and concentration; the second consisted of studying the location of the polluted drain in a low permeability layer or a confined aquifer; the third was based on installing a cut-off wall in the polluted drain sides; and the fourth investigated the use of lining materials for polluted drains. The results reveal that aquifer contamination was decreased by increasing the water head of canals by 50 cm and decreasing the drain head by 50 cm and concentration by 25%, whereby large quantities of groundwater were protected. The percentages of salt repulsion in the hypothetical case were +10.66, +12.89, and +24.99%, while in NDA they were +6.29, +8.71, and +25% respectively compared with the base case. Decreasing the aquifer hydraulic conductivity led to decrease in aquifer contamination, in which the confined aquifer pollution was less than the unconfined aquifers due to the clay cap, which plays a significant role in minimizing the solute transport into the groundwater reservoir, and to reduction of the aquifer salt variation by +19.01% for the hypothetical case. The results indicate that the cut-off wall is effective for contamination management in shallow aquifers (hypothetical case) and the reduction in aquifer salt was +28.49%, whereas it had no effect in the deep aquifer (NDA), where the salt was reduced by just +0.34%. Using the drain lining scenario prevented contamination from the polluted drains and protected the freshwater in the aquifer, so that the aquifer salt mass reductions were +91.02 and +70.13% for the hypothetical case and NDA respectively, indicating that this method is more effective for controlling groundwater contamination. Polluted drains should be located in a low permeability layer to minimize the water degradation. This study represents a new contribution to groundwater protection techniques by changing the boundary conditions, installing a cut-off wall and using linings for polluted drains, and shows the way forward for the future treatment of polluted stream networks.
Ismail Abd-Elaty; Martina Zelenakova; Salvatore Straface; Zuzana Vranayová; Mohamed Abu-Hashim; Abd- Elaty; Abu- Hashim. Integrated Modelling for Groundwater Contamination from Polluted Streams Using New Protection Process Techniques. Water 2019, 11, 2321 .
AMA StyleIsmail Abd-Elaty, Martina Zelenakova, Salvatore Straface, Zuzana Vranayová, Mohamed Abu-Hashim, Abd- Elaty, Abu- Hashim. Integrated Modelling for Groundwater Contamination from Polluted Streams Using New Protection Process Techniques. Water. 2019; 11 (11):2321.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsmail Abd-Elaty; Martina Zelenakova; Salvatore Straface; Zuzana Vranayová; Mohamed Abu-Hashim; Abd- Elaty; Abu- Hashim. 2019. "Integrated Modelling for Groundwater Contamination from Polluted Streams Using New Protection Process Techniques." Water 11, no. 11: 2321.
The study aims to clarify the relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) and human activity under arid conditions, in the east area of the Nile Delta, Egypt. SOC is one of the critical factors in food production and plays an important role in the climate change because it affects the physio-chemical soil characteristics, plant growth, and contributes to sustainable development on global levels. For the purpose of our investigations, 120 soil samples (0–30 cm) were collected throughout different land uses and soil types of the study area. Multiple linear regressions (MLR) were used to investigate the spatiotemporal relationship of SOC, soil characteristics, and environmental factors. Remote sensing data acquired from Landsat 5 TM in July 1995 and operational land imager (OLI) in July 2018 were used to model SOC pool. The results revealed significant variations of soil organic carbon pool (SOCP) among different soil textures and land-uses. Soil with high clay content revealed an increase in the percentage of soil organic carbon, and had mean SOCP of 6.08 ± 1.91 Mg C ha−1, followed by clay loams and loamy soils. The higher values of SOCP were observed in the northern regions of the study area. The phenomenon is associated with the expansion of the human activity of initiating fish ponds that reflected higher values of SOC that were related to the organic additions used as nutrients for fish. Nevertheless, the SOC values decreased in southeast of the study area with the decrease of soil moisture contents and the increase in the heavy texture profiles. As a whole, our findings pointed out that the human factor has had a significant impact on the variation of soil organic carbon values in the Eastern Nile Delta from 1995 to 2018. As land use changes from agricultural activity to fish ponds, the SOCP significantly increased. The agriculture land-use revealed higher SOCP with 60.77 Mg C ha−1 in clay soils followed by fish ponds with 53.43 Mg C ha−1. The results also showed a decrease in SOCP values due to an increasing in land surface temperature (LST) thus highlighting that influence of temperature and ambient soil conditions linked to land-use changes have a marked impact on surface SOCP and C sequestration.
Elsayed Mohamed; Mohamed Abu-Hashim; Mohamed AbdelRahman; Brigitta Schütt; Rosa Lasaponara. Evaluating the Effects of Human Activity over the Last Decades on the Soil Organic Carbon Pool Using Satellite Imagery and GIS Techniques in the Nile Delta Area, Egypt. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2644 .
AMA StyleElsayed Mohamed, Mohamed Abu-Hashim, Mohamed AbdelRahman, Brigitta Schütt, Rosa Lasaponara. Evaluating the Effects of Human Activity over the Last Decades on the Soil Organic Carbon Pool Using Satellite Imagery and GIS Techniques in the Nile Delta Area, Egypt. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (9):2644.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElsayed Mohamed; Mohamed Abu-Hashim; Mohamed AbdelRahman; Brigitta Schütt; Rosa Lasaponara. 2019. "Evaluating the Effects of Human Activity over the Last Decades on the Soil Organic Carbon Pool Using Satellite Imagery and GIS Techniques in the Nile Delta Area, Egypt." Sustainability 11, no. 9: 2644.
By 2050, agricultural production has to increase by 7% to face the population increase. This production increase should be attained in a system that preserves the environment and limits the use of pesticides and undesirable chemicals in agriculture. This chapter encapsulates the key sustainability challenges (in terms of conclusions and recommendations) of the existing main agri-food system and presents insights derived from the cases in the volume. In addition, some (update) findings from a few recently published research work are related to the sustainability covered themes. This chapter focuses on the sustainability of the agricultural environment concerning Soil-Water-Plant Nexus in Egypt that was documented in this volume. To this end, we identify four main contribution areas, which include Egyptian sustainable agriculture, the potential application of natural products on crop productivity, biological control potentiality for sustainable agriculture, and livestock contribution to sustaining farm production. Therefore, conclusions will be built on researcher visions gained concerning study findings and limitations. In addition, this chapter contains information on a set of recommendations to direct future research toward sustainability of the agriculture, which is a main strategic theme of the Egyptian government. The set of recommendations is presented for professionals interested in pursuing additional research to exceed the scope and findings of this volume.
AbdelAzim M. Negm; El-Sayed E. Omran; Mohamed Abu-Hashim. Update, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Sustainability of Agricultural Environment in Egypt: Soil–Water–Plant Nexus. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 2018, 397 -415.
AMA StyleAbdelAzim M. Negm, El-Sayed E. Omran, Mohamed Abu-Hashim. Update, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Sustainability of Agricultural Environment in Egypt: Soil–Water–Plant Nexus. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. 2018; ():397-415.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelAzim M. Negm; El-Sayed E. Omran; Mohamed Abu-Hashim. 2018. "Update, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Sustainability of Agricultural Environment in Egypt: Soil–Water–Plant Nexus." The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry , no. : 397-415.
This chapter casts light on the main conclusions and recommendations of the chapters presented in this volume. In addition, it discusses some findings from a few recently published research works related to the soil–water–food nexus. Therefore, this chapter contains information on water scarcity in Egypt, soil toxicology, heavy metal contamination, sustainable agriculture, geostatistics and proximal soil sensing in agricultural management, the role of intercropping systems in sustainable crop production, rice production, bioactive compounds in soybeans, and plant biotechnology. In addition, a set of recommendations for future research work is provided to direct future research toward sustainability, which is the main subject of strategic importance under Egyptian circumstances.
AbdelAzim M. Negm; El-Sayed E. Omran; Hassan Awaad; Mohamed Abu-Hashim. Update, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Sustainability of the Agricultural Environment in Egypt: The Soil–Water–Food Nexus. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 2018, 351 -369.
AMA StyleAbdelAzim M. Negm, El-Sayed E. Omran, Hassan Awaad, Mohamed Abu-Hashim. Update, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Sustainability of the Agricultural Environment in Egypt: The Soil–Water–Food Nexus. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. 2018; ():351-369.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelAzim M. Negm; El-Sayed E. Omran; Hassan Awaad; Mohamed Abu-Hashim. 2018. "Update, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Sustainability of the Agricultural Environment in Egypt: The Soil–Water–Food Nexus." The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry , no. : 351-369.
Egypt is dependent mainly on the surface water coming from the Nile River. The water demand is increasing because of the rapid growth of populations and the impacts of climate change. Egypt is highly vulnerable to climate change, which increases the water demand and causes a loss of crops. Thus, one of the main challenges facing the sequential government during the previous decades was to enhance the agriculture sector by increasing the efficiency of water use. In this context, a field trial in Saline Soil at Sahl El-Tina (North Sinai) was designed in a system of a completely randomized block design and this trial was carried out during two winter seasons, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, to study the response of economic crop (faba bean) yield to different water supply regimes. The experiment included three water irrigations, El-Salam Canal, schedules 3,600, 6,000, and 7,200 m3/ha (ha = 10,000 m2), and two varieties of faba bean. The results obtained showed a reduction in soil salinity values with increasing water supply. That is, applying the water regime of 7,200 m3/ha revealed decreased soil salinity on the experimental farm by 30% compared with using the water regime 3,600 m3/ha for both seasons. Nevertheless, the results of the yield quantity showed that the weight of seeds/plant (g) and plant height (cm) decreased with reduction of the water supply. For the yield quality, such as seed quality, carbohydrate percentage, high protein, seedling dry weight, and radical length were accompanied by low water application (3,600 m3/ha). The results relevant to the approach to water use efficiency were suitable with lower water supplies. In addition, using the water regime of 6,000 m3/ha with the Sakha 3 cultivar under saline soil conditions was more efficient according to the concepts of water saving, water use efficiency, seed quality, and yield.
Mohamed Abu-Hashim; Khaled Shaban; Amani Sallam; Abdelazim Negm. Effect of Water Deficit on Food Productivity Under Saline Conditions: Case Study – North Sinai, Egypt. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 2018, 33 -48.
AMA StyleMohamed Abu-Hashim, Khaled Shaban, Amani Sallam, Abdelazim Negm. Effect of Water Deficit on Food Productivity Under Saline Conditions: Case Study – North Sinai, Egypt. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. 2018; ():33-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Abu-Hashim; Khaled Shaban; Amani Sallam; Abdelazim Negm. 2018. "Effect of Water Deficit on Food Productivity Under Saline Conditions: Case Study – North Sinai, Egypt." The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry , no. : 33-48.
Mohamed Abu-Hashim; Abdelazim Negm. Deficit Irrigation Management as Strategy Under Conditions of Water Scarcity; Potential Application in North Sinai, Egypt. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 2018, 35 -55.
AMA StyleMohamed Abu-Hashim, Abdelazim Negm. Deficit Irrigation Management as Strategy Under Conditions of Water Scarcity; Potential Application in North Sinai, Egypt. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. 2018; ():35-55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Abu-Hashim; Abdelazim Negm. 2018. "Deficit Irrigation Management as Strategy Under Conditions of Water Scarcity; Potential Application in North Sinai, Egypt." The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry , no. : 35-55.
Increasing of population and scarcity of water resources in arid and semiarid countries are one of the major obstacles to sustain agricultural development. When we are talking about Egypt as a case study, there are many reasons that impede sustainable development. These reasons could vary according to spatial distribution. That the urban sprawl is considered one of the most serious factor that impedes the sustainable development in the Nile valley and delta. On the other hand, the northern regions of the Nile Delta face another critical situation that affects the agricultural development and maintaining its development. The northern part suffers from land degradation due to high salinity levels besides rising of the groundwater table. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the assessment of sustainable agricultural development according to several axes. It discusses land productivity, security, protection, validity, and acceptability as well as economic and social factors. Remote sensing techniques and GIS as new trends have been reviewed and considered in this chapter to assess and mapping sustainability degree. Three different methods were reviewed throughout this chapter, and these methods depend on integrating environment, economy, and society factors.
Elsayed Mohamed; Mohamed Abuhashim; Abdel-Aziz A. Belal. Sustainable Indicators in Arid Region: Case Study – Egypt. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 2018, 273 -293.
AMA StyleElsayed Mohamed, Mohamed Abuhashim, Abdel-Aziz A. Belal. Sustainable Indicators in Arid Region: Case Study – Egypt. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. 2018; ():273-293.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElsayed Mohamed; Mohamed Abuhashim; Abdel-Aziz A. Belal. 2018. "Sustainable Indicators in Arid Region: Case Study – Egypt." The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry , no. : 273-293.
Mohamed Abuhashim; Mohamed Elsayed; Abd-Elaziz Belal. Effect of land-use changes and site variables on surface soil organic carbon pool at Mediterranean Region. Journal of African Earth Sciences 2016, 114, 78 -84.
AMA StyleMohamed Abuhashim, Mohamed Elsayed, Abd-Elaziz Belal. Effect of land-use changes and site variables on surface soil organic carbon pool at Mediterranean Region. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 2016; 114 ():78-84.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Abuhashim; Mohamed Elsayed; Abd-Elaziz Belal. 2016. "Effect of land-use changes and site variables on surface soil organic carbon pool at Mediterranean Region." Journal of African Earth Sciences 114, no. : 78-84.
Assessment of soil water retention in arid region is an input required parameter in precision water management at large scale. Investigations were carried out in Tanta catchment in the middle Nile Delta, Egypt (30° 45 N, 30° 55 E), where collecting soil samples covered different hydrological soil groups and land-uses. Based on the natural resource conservation service curve number model (NRCS-CN), CN approach was used to investigate the effect of spatio-temporal variations of different land-uses on soil water retention. Potential soil water retention from 1990 to 2015 was reduced by 118.1 m3 per hectare with decreasing cropland area. Urbanization encroachment from 1990 to 2015 was increased by 2.13% by decreasing cropland with 15.3% (5300 ha in 2015). This resulted in losing the potential soil water retention by 625,968.42 m3 water for the whole catchment area. Impact of land degradation was pronounced, where 2.65%, 29.35%, and 1.11% of the initial crop land-use in 1990 were converted to bare soil, fallow, and urban area, respectively in 2015. Implementation of (S) value of the NRCS-CN model with GIS technique provides useful measure to identify land-use changes of potential water storage capacity at catchment scale.
Mohamed Abuhashim; Elsayed Mohamed; Abd-Elaziz Belal. Identification of potential soil water retention using hydric numerical model at arid regions by land-use changes. International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2015, 3, 305 -315.
AMA StyleMohamed Abuhashim, Elsayed Mohamed, Abd-Elaziz Belal. Identification of potential soil water retention using hydric numerical model at arid regions by land-use changes. International Soil and Water Conservation Research. 2015; 3 (4):305-315.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Abuhashim; Elsayed Mohamed; Abd-Elaziz Belal. 2015. "Identification of potential soil water retention using hydric numerical model at arid regions by land-use changes." International Soil and Water Conservation Research 3, no. 4: 305-315.