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Dr. Md. Kaisar Rahman
Research Officer, EcoHealth Alliance | Institute of Epidemiology, Disease control and Research (IEDCR)

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0 Emerging Infectious Diseases
0 Epidemiology
0 Zoonotic diseases
0 Disease ecology
0 Antimicobial Resistance

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Short Biography

Md Kaisar Rahman currently working as a Research Officer (Epidemiology), in EcoHealth Alliance attached at Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR). He obtained DVM and MSc in Epidemiology from Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU). His research interest is on Epidemiology and Disease Ecology.

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Journal article
Published: 10 August 2021 in Microorganisms
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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has swamped the global environment greatly in the current pandemic. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) effectively forecasts the surge of COVID-19 cases in humans in a particular region. To understand the genomic characteristics/footprints and diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment, we analyzed 807 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from 20 countries deposited in GISAID till 22 May 2021. The highest number of sequences (n = 638) were reported in Austria, followed by the Netherlands, China, and Bangladesh. Wastewater samples were highest (40.0%) to successfully yield the virus genome followed by a 24 h composite wastewater sample (32.6%) and sewage (18.5%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 environmental strains are a close congener with the strains mostly circulating in the human population from the same region. Clade GRY (32.7%), G (29.2%), GR (25.3%), O (7.2%), GH (3.4%), GV (1.4%), S (0.5%), and L (0.4%) were found in environmental samples. Various lineages were identified in environmental samples; nevertheless, the highest percentages (49.4%) of the alpha variant (B.1.1.7) were detected in Austria, Liechtenstein, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Germany, and Italy. Other prevalent lineages were B.1 (18.2%), B.1.1 (9.2%), and B.1.160 (3.9%). Furthermore, a significant number of amino acid substitutions were found in environmental strains where the D614G was found in 83.8% of the sequences. However, the key mutations—N501Y (44.6%), S982A (44.4%), A570D (43.3%), T716I (40.4%), and P681H (40.1%) were also recorded in spike protein. The identification of the environmental belvedere of SARS-CoV-2 and its genetic signature is crucial to detect outbreaks, forecast pandemic harshness, and prepare with the appropriate tools to control any impending pandemic. We recommend genomic environmental surveillance to trace the emerging variants and diversity of SARS-CoV-2 viruses circulating in the community. Additionally, proper disposal and treatment of wastewater, sewage, and medical wastes are important to prevent environmental contamination.

ACS Style

Ariful Islam; Abu Sayeed; Abul Kalam; Jinnat Ferdous; Kaisar Rahman; Josefina Abedin; Shariful Islam; Shahanaj Shano; Otun Saha; Tahmina Shirin; Mohammad Hassan. Molecular Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Diverse Environmental Samples Globally. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1696 .

AMA Style

Ariful Islam, Abu Sayeed, Abul Kalam, Jinnat Ferdous, Kaisar Rahman, Josefina Abedin, Shariful Islam, Shahanaj Shano, Otun Saha, Tahmina Shirin, Mohammad Hassan. Molecular Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Diverse Environmental Samples Globally. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (8):1696.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ariful Islam; Abu Sayeed; Abul Kalam; Jinnat Ferdous; Kaisar Rahman; Josefina Abedin; Shariful Islam; Shahanaj Shano; Otun Saha; Tahmina Shirin; Mohammad Hassan. 2021. "Molecular Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Diverse Environmental Samples Globally." Microorganisms 9, no. 8: 1696.

Journal article
Published: 06 May 2021 in Veterinary World
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Background and Aim: Goat is one of the major livestock species, plays an important role in the economy of Bangladesh. However, the outbreak of different infectious diseases in goats causes high mortality and economic losses due to lack of proper diagnosis and treatment. Conventional culture-based methods for detecting specific pathogens as confirmatory diagnosis are laborious as well as time-consuming in comparison to multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), by which multiple pathogens can be detected at a time. The present study was aimed to perform faster molecular identification of bacterial pathogens from goats presumed with fever and/or diarrhea and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 blood samples were collected from goats at S. A. Quaderi Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH) in Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University for the period of July 2017-April 2018. DNA was extracted and subsequently, mPCR assay was performed for the screening of several bacterial pathogens (Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Clostridium perfringens, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus). An antimicrobial susceptibility test against ten antimicrobials for positive samples of each organism was conducted using the Kirby–Bauer Disk-Diffusion Method on selective media. Results: S. aureus, C. perfringens, L. monocytogenes, and Salmonella spp. were detected from collected samples and their overall prevalence was 11.5%, 3.5%, 1%, and 20.5%, respectively. The most common clinical signs were mild fever, nasal discharge, dyspnea, and coughing (39.1%) for S. aureus, diarrhea, convulsion, abdominal pain, and incoordination (57.1%) for C. perfringens, fever, protrusion of tongue, and incoordination (100%) for L. monocytogenes, and fever, anorexia, dehydration with mucous feces (36.6%) for Salmonella spp. infection in goats. Antimicrobial diagram of S. aureus showed resistance against Cefotaxime (74%), Cefixime (65%), and Tetracycline (65%); highly sensitive against Amoxicillin (48%), Ciprofloxacin (44%), and Gentamicin (44%). On the other hand, C. perfringens showed highly resistant against Ampicillin (71%), Gentamicin (71%), sensitive against Penicillin (57%), and Cefotaxime (57%). L. monocytogenes were found to be sensitive to Penicillin (100%) and Cefixime (100%) and Salmonella spp. showed resistance to Ampicillin (78%) and Amoxicillin (59%) but sensitive to Ciprofloxacin (54%). Conclusion: This study identified pathogens with their specific clinical signs in goats presumed fever and/or diarrhea through mPCR with their AMR pattern in SAQTVH, Chattogram. Potential risk factors, measuring the strength of association of disease caused by these particular pathogens, were also determined. mPCR may use as an effective tool for rapid detection of pathogens in animal.

ACS Style

Pranab Paul; Rayhan Faruque; Kaisar Rahman; Priyanka Das; Mohammed Yousuf Elahi Chowdhury. Study on bacterial pathogens through multiplex polymerase chain reaction system and their antimicrobial resistance pattern in goats presumed with fever and/or diarrhea. Veterinary World 2021, 14, 1080 -1092.

AMA Style

Pranab Paul, Rayhan Faruque, Kaisar Rahman, Priyanka Das, Mohammed Yousuf Elahi Chowdhury. Study on bacterial pathogens through multiplex polymerase chain reaction system and their antimicrobial resistance pattern in goats presumed with fever and/or diarrhea. Veterinary World. 2021; 14 (5):1080-1092.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pranab Paul; Rayhan Faruque; Kaisar Rahman; Priyanka Das; Mohammed Yousuf Elahi Chowdhury. 2021. "Study on bacterial pathogens through multiplex polymerase chain reaction system and their antimicrobial resistance pattern in goats presumed with fever and/or diarrhea." Veterinary World 14, no. 5: 1080-1092.

Journal article
Published: 22 March 2021 in Antibiotics
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The use of antibiotics in animals for both therapeutic and non-therapeutic purposes is a major driver of the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). While several studies have investigated prescription and consumption patterns in humans, little attention has been paid to the veterinary sector. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 3002 veterinary students (VS) and non-medical students (NMS) from 12 universities in Bangladesh to explore their knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) about antibiotics and AMR using a self-administered questionnaire, and assess the influence of the veterinary curriculum. KAP regarding antibiotic use and AMR was significantly higher in veterinary than non-medical students, and in first-year than final-year students. However, gaps in knowledge and practices were highlighted, suggesting deficiencies in training. Moreover, final-year veterinary students were found to be more likely than first-year students to use antibiotics without instructions, which could indicate deficiencies in their curriculum. Although the study suggested a positive impact of the veterinary curriculum on KAP about antibiotics and AMR in Bangladesh, critical gaps remain that are likely to contribute to inadequate use in their future practice. Therefore, there is scope for improving educational programs on AMR in professional curricula.

ACS Style

Lorraine Chapot; Samun Sarker; Ruhena Begum; Delower Hossain; Rahima Akter; Mehedi Hasan; Zamila Bupasha; Bayzid; Salauddin; Shafiullah Parvej; Ahm Uddin; Fazlul Hoque; Joya Chowdhury; Niyamat Ullah; Kaisar Rahman; Nure Siddiky; Guillaume Fournié; Mohammed Samad. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use and Resistance among Veterinary Students in Bangladesh. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 332 .

AMA Style

Lorraine Chapot, Samun Sarker, Ruhena Begum, Delower Hossain, Rahima Akter, Mehedi Hasan, Zamila Bupasha, Bayzid, Salauddin, Shafiullah Parvej, Ahm Uddin, Fazlul Hoque, Joya Chowdhury, Niyamat Ullah, Kaisar Rahman, Nure Siddiky, Guillaume Fournié, Mohammed Samad. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use and Resistance among Veterinary Students in Bangladesh. Antibiotics. 2021; 10 (3):332.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lorraine Chapot; Samun Sarker; Ruhena Begum; Delower Hossain; Rahima Akter; Mehedi Hasan; Zamila Bupasha; Bayzid; Salauddin; Shafiullah Parvej; Ahm Uddin; Fazlul Hoque; Joya Chowdhury; Niyamat Ullah; Kaisar Rahman; Nure Siddiky; Guillaume Fournié; Mohammed Samad. 2021. "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Use and Resistance among Veterinary Students in Bangladesh." Antibiotics 10, no. 3: 332.

Original article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an emerging and rapidly evolving profound pandemic, which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and results in significant case fatality around the world including Bangladesh. We conducted this study to assess how COVID‐19 cases clustered across districts in Bangladesh and whether the pattern and duration of clusters changed following the country’s containment strategy using Geographic Information System (GIS) software. We calculated the epidemiological measures including disease incidence, case fatality rate (CFR), and spatiotemporal pattern of COVID‐19. We used Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), Moran’s I, and Getis‐Ord Gi* statistics for prediction, spatial autocorrelation, and hotspot. We used retrospective space‐time scan statistic to analyze clusters of COVID‐19 cases. COVID‐19 has a CFR of 1.4%. Over 50 % of infected cases were reported among young adults (21‐40 year age group). The incidence varies from 0.03‐0.95 at the end of March to 15.59‐308.62 per 100000, at the end of July. Global Moran’s Index indicates a robust spatial autocorrelation of COVID‐19 cases. Local Moran’s I analysis stated a distinct High‐High (HH) clustering of COVID‐19 cases among the Dhaka, Gazipur, and Narayanganj districts. Twelve statistically significant high rated clusters were identified by space‐time scan statistics using a discrete Poisson model. IDW predicted the cases at the undetermined area, and GWR showed a strong relationship between population density and case frequency, which was further established with Moran’s I (0.734; P≤0.01). Dhaka and its surrounding six districts were identified as the significant spatial hotspot where Chattogram is an extended diseased area. The outcomes acquired from the spatiotemporal investigation of COVID‐19 could offer significant data and measurements to help the government checking and powerful arrangement creation of related organizations in medical, social, monetary, and environmental viewpoints.

ACS Style

Ariful Islam; Abu Sayeed; Kaisar Rahman; Jinnat Ferdous; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Geospatial dynamics of COVID‐19 clusters and hotspots in Bangladesh. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Ariful Islam, Abu Sayeed, Kaisar Rahman, Jinnat Ferdous, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Geospatial dynamics of COVID‐19 clusters and hotspots in Bangladesh. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ariful Islam; Abu Sayeed; Kaisar Rahman; Jinnat Ferdous; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. 2021. "Geospatial dynamics of COVID‐19 clusters and hotspots in Bangladesh." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2020 in Pathogens
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Ducks are a natural reservoir of influenza A viruses (IAVs) and can act as a reassortment vessel. Wetlands, such as Hakaluki and Tanguar haor in Bangladesh, have unique ecosystems including domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) rearing, especially household and free-range ducks. A cross-sectional study was, therefore, conducted to explore avian influenza status and its distribution and risk factors in the wetland areas. During the three consecutive winters of 2015–2017, specifically in December of these years, we collected a total of 947 samples including blood, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs from domestic ducks (free-range duck (n = 312 samples) and household ducks (n = 635 samples) in wetlands. We screened serum samples using a nucleoprotein competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) to estimate seroprevalence of IAV antibodies and swab samples by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) to detect IA viral M gene. Eleven (11) M gene positive samples were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Serological and viral prevalence rates of IAVs were 63.8% (95% CI: 60.6–66.8) and 10.7% (8.8–12.8), respectively. Serological and viral RNA prevalence rates were 51.8% (95% CI: 47.2–56.4) and 10.2% (7.6–13.3) in Hakaluki haor, 75.6% (71.5–79.4) and 11.1% (8.5–14.3) in Tanguar haor, 66.3% (62.5–69.9) and 11.2% (8.8–13.9) in household ducks and 58.7% (52.9–64.2) and 9.6% (6.5–13.4) in free-range ducks, respectively. The risk factors identified for higher odds of AI seropositive ducks were location (OR = 2.9, 95% CI: 2.2–3.8, p < 0.001; Tanguar haor vs. Hakaluki haor), duck-rearing system (OR = 1.4, 1.1–1.8, household vs. free-range), farmer’s education status (OR = 1.5, 1.2–2.0, p < 0.05 illiterate vs. literate) and contact type (OR = 3.0, 2.1–4.3, p < 0.001; contact with chicken vs. no contact with chicken). The risk factors identified for higher odds of AI RNA positive ducks were farmer’s education status (OR = 1.5, 1.0–2.3, p < 0.05 for illiterate vs literate), contact type (OR = 2.7, 1.7–4.2, p < 0.001; ducks having contact with chicken vs. ducks having contact with waterfowl). The phylogenetic analysis of 11 partial M gene sequences suggested that the M gene sequences detected in free-range duck were very similar to each other and were closely related to the M gene sequences of previously reported highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtypes in waterfowl in Bangladesh and Southeast Asian countries. Results of the current study will help provide significant information for future surveillance programs and model IAV infection to predict the spread of the viruses among migratory waterfowl, free-range ducks and domestic poultry in Bangladesh.

ACS Style

Mohammad Hassan; Ariful Islam; Rubyath Hasan; K. Rahman; Richard Webby; A. Hoque; Mohamed El Zowalaty. Prevalence and Distribution of Avian Influenza Viruses in Domestic Ducks at the Waterfowl-Chicken Interface in Wetlands. Pathogens 2020, 9, 953 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Hassan, Ariful Islam, Rubyath Hasan, K. Rahman, Richard Webby, A. Hoque, Mohamed El Zowalaty. Prevalence and Distribution of Avian Influenza Viruses in Domestic Ducks at the Waterfowl-Chicken Interface in Wetlands. Pathogens. 2020; 9 (11):953.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Hassan; Ariful Islam; Rubyath Hasan; K. Rahman; Richard Webby; A. Hoque; Mohamed El Zowalaty. 2020. "Prevalence and Distribution of Avian Influenza Viruses in Domestic Ducks at the Waterfowl-Chicken Interface in Wetlands." Pathogens 9, no. 11: 953.

Communication
Published: 28 October 2020 in Veterinary Sciences
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West Nile Virus (WNV) is a vector-borne zoonotic disease maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving mosquito vectors and birds. To detect WNV and other flavivirus infections in wild resident and migratory birds, we tested 184 samples from 19 identified species within nine families collected during 2012–2016 from four districts in Bangladesh. We tested serum samples for the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody against WNV using competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA), whereas tracheal and cloacal swabs were subjected to consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (c-PCR) for the detection of the flavivirus RNA. Overall, we detected 11.9% (n = 22; 95% CI: 0.07–0.16) samples were seropositive, including 15.9% in the migratory wild birds and 10.7% in the resident wild birds. The migratory wild Tufted duck showed 28.5% seropositivity, whereas the resident wild house crows showed 12.5% seropositivity. None of the swab samples was positive for flavivirus RNA infection (0%, n = 184; 95% CI: 0–0.019). These study findings recommend continued surveillance for early detection and to better understand the epidemiology of WNV and other flavivirus circulation in both birds and mosquitoes in Bangladesh.

ACS Style

Ariful Islam; Shariful Islam; Mohammad Enayet Hossain; Jinnat Ferdous; Josefina Abedin; Mohammad Ziaur Rahman; Kaisar Rahman; Ahasanul Hoque; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences 2020, 7, 164 .

AMA Style

Ariful Islam, Shariful Islam, Mohammad Enayet Hossain, Jinnat Ferdous, Josefina Abedin, Mohammad Ziaur Rahman, Kaisar Rahman, Ahasanul Hoque, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7 (4):164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ariful Islam; Shariful Islam; Mohammad Enayet Hossain; Jinnat Ferdous; Josefina Abedin; Mohammad Ziaur Rahman; Kaisar Rahman; Ahasanul Hoque; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. 2020. "Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus in Wild Birds in Bangladesh." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 4: 164.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2020 in Journal of Risk and Financial Management
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The COVID-19 pandemic has manifested more than a health crisis and has severely impacted on social, economic, and development crises in the world. The relationship of COVID-19 with countries’ economic and other demographic statuses is an important criterion with which to assess the impact of this current outbreak. Based on available data from the online platform, we tested the hypotheses of a country’s economic status, population density, the median age of the population, and urbanization pattern influence on the test, attack, case fatality, and recovery rates of COVID-19. We performed correlation and multivariate multinomial regression analysis with relative risk ratio (RRR) to test the hypotheses. The correlation analysis showed that population density and test rate had a significantly negative association (r = −0.2384, p = 0.00). In contrast, the median age had a significant positive correlation with recovery rate (r = 0.4654, p = 0.00) and case fatality rate (r = 0.2847, p = 0.00). The urban population rate had a positive significant correlation with recovery rate (r = 0.1610, p = 0.04). Lower-middle-income countries had a negative significant correlation with case fatality rate (r= −0.3310, p = 0.04). The multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that low-income countries are more likely to have an increased risk of case fatality rate (RRR = 0.986, 95% Confidence Interval; CI = 0.97−1.00, p < 0.05) and recovery rate (RRR = 0.967, 95% CI = 0.95–0.98, p = 0.00). The lower-income countries are more likely to have a higher risk in case of attack rate (RRR = 0.981, 95% CI = 0.97–0.99, p = 0.00) and recovery rate (RRR = 0.971, 95% CI = 0.96–0.98, p = 0.00). Similarly, upper middle-income countries are more likely to have higher risk in case of attack rate (RRR = 0.988, 95% CI = 0.98–1.0, p = 0.01) and recovery rate (RRR = 0.978, 95% CI = 0.97–0.99, p = 0.00). The low- and lower-middle-income countries should invest more in health care services and implement adequate COVID-19 preventive measures to reduce the risk burden. We recommend a participatory, whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach for responding to the socio-economic challenges of COVID-19 and ensuring more resilient and robust health systems to safeguard against preventable deaths and poverty by improving public health outcomes.

ACS Style

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Kaisar Rahman; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Ariful Islam. Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 2020, 13, 194 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Abul Kalam, Shahanaj Shano, Raihan Khan Nayem, Kaisar Rahman, Shahneaz Ali Khan, Ariful Islam. Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. 2020; 13 (9):194.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Kaisar Rahman; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Ariful Islam. 2020. "Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, no. 9: 194.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2020 in Veterinary Sciences
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Avian influenza (AI) is endemic and frequently causes seasonal outbreaks in winter in Bangladesh due to high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 and low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2. Among avian influenza A viruses (AIV), H5, H7, and H9 subtypes have the most zoonotic potential. Captive birds in zoos and safari parks are used for educational, recreational, breeding, and conservational purposes in Bangladesh. To screen for AIV in captive birds to assess potential public health threats, we conducted a cross-sectional study in two safari parks and one zoo in Bangladesh for four months, from November to December 2013 and from January to February 2014. We collected blood samples, oropharyngeal, and cloacal swabs from 228 birds. We tested serum samples for AIV antibodies using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) and AIV sero-subtype H5, H7, and H9 using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Swab samples were tested for the presence of avian influenza viral RNA using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Across all the samples, AIV antibody prevalence was 9.7% (95% CI: 6.1–14.2, n = 228) and AIV HA subtype H5, H7 and H9 sero-prevalence was 0% (95% CI: 0–1.6, n = 228), 0% (95% CI: 0–1.6, n = 228) and 6.6% (95% CI: 3.72–10.6, n = 228), respectively. No AI viral RNA (M-gene) was detected in any swab sample (0%, 95% CI: 0–1.6, n = 228). Birds in the Safari park at Cox’s Bazar had a higher prevalence in both AIV antibody prevalence (13.5%) and AIV H9 sero-prevalence (9.6%) than any of the other sites, although the difference was not statistically significant. Among eight species of birds, Emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) had the highest sero-positivity for both AIV antibody prevalence (26.1%) and AIV H9 prevalence (17.4%) followed by Golden pheasant (Chrysolophus pictus) with AIV antibody prevalence of 18.2% and AIV H9 prevalence of 11.4%. Our results highlight the presence of AI antibodies indicating low pathogenic AIV mingling in captive birds in zoos and safari parks in Bangladesh. Continuous programmed surveillance is therefore recommended to help better understand the diversity of AIVs and provide a clear picture of AI in captive wild birds, enabling interventions to reduce the risk of AIV transmission to humans.

ACS Style

Mohammad M. Hassan; Mohamed E. El Zowalaty; Ariful Islam; Rahman; N. U. Chowdhury; Hatem S. M. Z. Nine; Rahman; Josef D. Järhult; A. Hoque. Serological Evidence of Avian Influenza in Captive Wild Birds in a Zoo and Two Safari Parks in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences 2020, 7, 122 .

AMA Style

Mohammad M. Hassan, Mohamed E. El Zowalaty, Ariful Islam, Rahman, N. U. Chowdhury, Hatem S. M. Z. Nine, Rahman, Josef D. Järhult, A. Hoque. Serological Evidence of Avian Influenza in Captive Wild Birds in a Zoo and Two Safari Parks in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7 (3):122.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad M. Hassan; Mohamed E. El Zowalaty; Ariful Islam; Rahman; N. U. Chowdhury; Hatem S. M. Z. Nine; Rahman; Josef D. Järhult; A. Hoque. 2020. "Serological Evidence of Avian Influenza in Captive Wild Birds in a Zoo and Two Safari Parks in Bangladesh." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 3: 122.

Journal article
Published: 26 July 2020 in Journal of Threatened Taxa
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A cross sectional study was conducted (2010–2013) to determine the diversity of hemoprotozoa among bats of Bangladesh. Microscopic examination of blood smears (N=533; Pteropus medius (377), Rousettus leschenaultii (111), Megaderma lyra (45)) revealed 9% of bats (95% confidence interval CI: 7–12%) were positive for hemoprotozoa. The overall prevalence of hemoparasites among P. medius was 5% (n=20, 95% CI: 3–8%); where Babesia sp. was 3% (n=12, 95% CI: 2–5%) and Hepatocytis sp. was 2% (n=8, 95% CI: 1–4%). Moreover, 13% of R. leschenaultii were positive (n=14, 95% CI: 7–20%) where prevalence of Babesia sp. was 10% (n=11, 95% CI: 5–17%) and prevalence of Hepatocystis sp. was 3% (n=3, 95% CI: 1–8%). Twenty-nine percent (n=13, 95% CI: 16–44%) of M. lyra harbored hemoparasites, among which 20% (n=9, 95% CI: 10–35%) were Babesia sp. and 9% (n=4, 95% CI: 2–21%) were Hepatocystis sp. The study indicates bats remain important hosts for various zoonotic parasites and suggests further research.

ACS Style

Shariful Islam; Rakib Uddin Ahmed; Md. Kaisar Rahman; Jinnat Ferdous; Helal Uddin; Sazeda Akter; Abdullah Al Faruq; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Ausraful Islam. Detection of hemoparasites in bats, Bangladesh. Journal of Threatened Taxa 2020, 12, 16245 -16250.

AMA Style

Shariful Islam, Rakib Uddin Ahmed, Md. Kaisar Rahman, Jinnat Ferdous, Helal Uddin, Sazeda Akter, Abdullah Al Faruq, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Ausraful Islam. Detection of hemoparasites in bats, Bangladesh. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 2020; 12 (10):16245-16250.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shariful Islam; Rakib Uddin Ahmed; Md. Kaisar Rahman; Jinnat Ferdous; Helal Uddin; Sazeda Akter; Abdullah Al Faruq; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Ausraful Islam. 2020. "Detection of hemoparasites in bats, Bangladesh." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 10: 16245-16250.

Preprint
Published: 28 June 2020
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The COVID-19 outbreak has severely affected the social and economic conditions across this globe. Little is known about the relationship of COVID-19 with countries’ economic and socio-demographic status. Publicly available data on COVID-19 test rate, attack rate, case fatality rate, and recovery rate were analyzed in relation to country’s economic status, population density, median age, and urban population ratio. We also conducted multinomial logistic regression analysis to predict the influence of countries’ social and economic factors on COVID-19. The results revealed that the median age had significant positive correlation with attack rate (r=0.2389, p=0.003), case fatality rate (r=0.3207, p=0.000) and recovery rate (r=0.4847, p=0.000). The urbanization has positive significant correlation with recovery rate (r=0.1957, p= 0.016). The multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed low-income countries are less likely to have an increased recovery rate (p=0.000) and attack rate (p=0.016) compare to high-income countries. The lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income countries are less likely to have an increased recovery rate (p=0.000 and p=0.001, respectively) compared to high-income countries. Based on the result of this study, these economic and socio-demographic factors should consider in designing appropriate preventive measures as a next step. The low and lower-middle-income countries should invest more in health care services to lower the case fatality rate and increase test and recovery rates as part of pandemic preparation like COVID-19. As the number of COVID-19 attacks, death and recovery rates are constantly changing; however, the intensive study is required to obtain a clear picture.

ACS Style

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Kaisar Rahman; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Ariful Islam. Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Abul Kalam, Shahanaj Shano, Raihan Khan Nayem, Kaisar Rahman, Shahneaz Ali Khan, Ariful Islam. Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Kaisar Rahman; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Ariful Islam. 2020. "Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Veterinary Sciences
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Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses have pandemic potential, cause significant economic losses and are of veterinary and public health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and diversity of hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry and wild birds in Bangladesh. We conducted an avian influenza sero-surveillance in wild and domestic birds in wetlands of Chattogram and Sylhet in the winter seasons 2012–2014. We tested serum samples using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA), and randomly selected positive serum samples (170 of 942) were tested using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) to detect antibodies against the 16 different HA sero-subtypes. All AIV sero–subtypes except H7, H11, H14 and H15 were identified in the present study, with H5 and H9 dominating over other subtypes, regardless of the bird species. The diversity of HA sero-subtypes within groups ranged from 3 (in household chickens) to 10 (in migratory birds). The prevalence of the H5 sero-subtype was 76.3% (29/38) in nomadic ducks, 71.4% (5/7) in household chicken, 66.7% (24/36) in resident wild birds, 65.9% (27/41) in migratory birds and 61.7% (29/47) in household ducks. Moreover, the H9 sero-subtype was common in migratory birds (56%; 23/41), followed by 38.3% (18/47) in household ducks, 36.8% (14/38) in nomadic ducks, 30.6% (11/66) in resident wild birds and 28.5% (2/7) in household chickens. H1, H4 and H6 sero-subtypes were the most common sero-subtypes (80%; 8/10, 70%; 7/10 and 70%; 7/10, respectively) in migratory birds in 2012, H9 in resident wild birds (83.3%; 5/6) and H2 in nomadic ducks (73.9%; 17/23) in 2013, and the H5 sero-subtype in all types of birds (50% to 100%) in 2014. The present study demonstrates that a high diversity of HA subtypes circulated in diverse bird species in Bangladesh, and this broad range of AIV hosts may increase the probability of AIVs’ reassortment and may enhance the emergence of novel AIV strains. A continued surveillance for AIV at targeted domestic–wild bird interfaces is recommended to understand the ecology and evolution of AIVs.

ACS Style

Mohammad M. Hassan; Mohamed E. El Zowalaty; Ariful Islam; Shahneaz A. Khan; K. Rahman; Josef D. Järhult; A. Hoque. Prevalence and Diversity of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Sero-Subtypes in Poultry and Wild Birds in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences 2020, 7, 73 .

AMA Style

Mohammad M. Hassan, Mohamed E. El Zowalaty, Ariful Islam, Shahneaz A. Khan, K. Rahman, Josef D. Järhult, A. Hoque. Prevalence and Diversity of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Sero-Subtypes in Poultry and Wild Birds in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7 (2):73.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad M. Hassan; Mohamed E. El Zowalaty; Ariful Islam; Shahneaz A. Khan; K. Rahman; Josef D. Järhult; A. Hoque. 2020. "Prevalence and Diversity of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Sero-Subtypes in Poultry and Wild Birds in Bangladesh." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 2: 73.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2019 in Veterinary World
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Background and Aim: Determining reference values for hematological and biochemical parameters of Asian house shrew (Suncus murinus) is important for wildlife research to protect human health in surrounding communities. This study aimed to establish the reference values for selected hematology and serum clinical chemistry analyses that may contribute to research on shrew in future. Materials and Methods: Blood samples (n=51) were collected from shrews between July and December 2015, Bangladesh, to estimate the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total leukocyte count (TLC), total erythrocyte count (TEC), lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, calcium, phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), chloride (Cl), urea, glucose, total protein (TP), creatinine, and alanine transaminase (ALT). Results: Although the values did not differ significantly among sexes, age was found to be a significant factor. Hb, PCV, TEC, glucose, and P were higher in males; eosinophil, Na, Cl, TP, and ALT were higher among females. Adults had significantly greater urea and glucose (p

ACS Style

Md. Kaisar Rahman; Shariful Islam; Mizanur Rahman; Jinnat Ferdous; Sazeda Akter; Mustafizur Rahaman; Mohammad Alamgir Hossain; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Hematological and biochemical reference values of Asian house shrews (Suncus murinus) in Bangladesh. Veterinary World 2019, 12, 1514 -1518.

AMA Style

Md. Kaisar Rahman, Shariful Islam, Mizanur Rahman, Jinnat Ferdous, Sazeda Akter, Mustafizur Rahaman, Mohammad Alamgir Hossain, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Hematological and biochemical reference values of Asian house shrews (Suncus murinus) in Bangladesh. Veterinary World. 2019; 12 (9):1514-1518.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Md. Kaisar Rahman; Shariful Islam; Mizanur Rahman; Jinnat Ferdous; Sazeda Akter; Mustafizur Rahaman; Mohammad Alamgir Hossain; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. 2019. "Hematological and biochemical reference values of Asian house shrews (Suncus murinus) in Bangladesh." Veterinary World 12, no. 9: 1514-1518.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2019 in Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology
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Mastitis is considered to be the most devastating condition for the dairy farms of low and medium income countries due to its alarming impact on production and worldwide has been recognized as one of the most economically significant infectious diseases affecting the welfare of dairy animal. Chittagong is one of the dairy intensive regions of Bangladesh but comprehensive epidemiological studies addressing prevalence of and risk factors for subclinical mastitis (SCM) are scant. Therefore we aimed to approximate the prevalence of SCM in dairy cows along with the associated risk factors in dairy cows of Chittagong Metropolitan Area (CMA), Bangladesh. We included 114 cross breed (Holstein × Local) lactating cows, raised at 6 dairy farms in CMA between February to November, 2015 for this study. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was used to assess SCM at animal level. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 34.2% among the tested cows. Floor type, source of replacement cows, history of previous reproductive disorder, stage of lactation and cleanliness of floor was found significantly associated with SCM in univariate analysis. In random effect multiple logistic regression model, cemented floor was found to increase the odds of SCM by 5.03 times than that of brick floor. Similarly, cows with history of reproductive disorders had more risk of having SCM than that of cows without a history of reproductive disorders. Since the SCM is prevalent in the study area, the intervention strategy should focus on causal agent, improved management, frequent monitoring of SCM in milking cows with CMT and use of teat disinfectants; with minimal or no treatment with antimicrobial agents.

ACS Style

Shariful Islam; Shama Ranjan Barua; Shahnaj Parvin Moni; Helal Uddin; Jinnat Ferdous; Kaisar Rahman; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; A.K.M. Anisur Rahman; Sharmin Chawdhury. Epidemiology of Sub-Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows in Urban Areas of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 2019, 7, 845 -850.

AMA Style

Shariful Islam, Shama Ranjan Barua, Shahnaj Parvin Moni, Helal Uddin, Jinnat Ferdous, Kaisar Rahman, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, A.K.M. Anisur Rahman, Sharmin Chawdhury. Epidemiology of Sub-Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows in Urban Areas of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology. 2019; 7 (6):845-850.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shariful Islam; Shama Ranjan Barua; Shahnaj Parvin Moni; Helal Uddin; Jinnat Ferdous; Kaisar Rahman; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; A.K.M. Anisur Rahman; Sharmin Chawdhury. 2019. "Epidemiology of Sub-Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows in Urban Areas of Chittagong, Bangladesh." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 6: 845-850.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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| Hemato-biochemical parameters are essential aid for disease diagnosis. The study was conducted to assess hematological and serum biochemical profile, along with their reference interval, of apparently healthy dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) at sub-tropical condition of Bangladesh. Hematological and serum biochemical analyses were made on 52 camel in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Hemoglobin (Hb), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), Total Erythrocyte Count (TEC), Total Leukocyte Count (TLC), neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, glucose, Total Protein (TP), albumin, urea, Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Triglyceride (TG), and Aspartate Transaminase (AST) were determined by biochemical analyzer with their mean, median, range, standard error (SE) and 90% referrence interval (RI). The profile comparison were made between camel with good body condition score (BCS >3) and camel with poor BCS (3 year) and juvenile (<3 year); between male and female. The reference intervals showed wide variation in their range. Significant differences were observed in the level of Hb, PCV, ESR, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, glucose and TP based on BCS. Adult and juvenile was showing significant variation only in the level of eosinophil and ALT. Among all the parameters, ESR and urea level in male and in female camel were significantly different. The study provides a preliminary report on hematological and serum biochemical parameters of camel in Bangladesh. It is the basis for future reasearch on camel blood as well as helpful for practitioners to interpret and compare the test results.

ACS Style

Shariful Islam; Jinnat Ferdous; Kaisar Rahman; Sazeda Akter; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Reference Values for Hematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Sub-Tropical Climate of Bangladesh. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 2019, 7, 1 .

AMA Style

Shariful Islam, Jinnat Ferdous, Kaisar Rahman, Sazeda Akter, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Reference Values for Hematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Sub-Tropical Climate of Bangladesh. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences. 2019; 7 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shariful Islam; Jinnat Ferdous; Kaisar Rahman; Sazeda Akter; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. 2019. "Reference Values for Hematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters of Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Sub-Tropical Climate of Bangladesh." Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 4: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research
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Parasitic infestation is a major cause of losses in livestock production in tropical regions. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Gastro-intestinal (GI) parasites of dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) and fat-tailed sheep (dhumba), and the prevalence of hemoparasites in camel from Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 87 fecal samples (32 dhumba and 55 camel) and 55 camel blood samples were collected during September-October 2015. Fecal samples were examined by direct smear, sedimentation method, flotation technique, and McMaster technique for GI parasite. Giemsa stained blood smears were examined under microscope for hemoparasite detection. 62% camel (n = 34; 95% confidence interval (CI): 47.7-74.6) were infected with at least one genus of parasite. 15% camel were harboring more than one genus of parasite. The prevalence of GI parasite and hemoparasite in camel were recorded as Trichuris spp. (n = 16; 29%; 95% CI: 17.6-42.9), Balantidium coli (n = 12; 22%; 95% CI: 11.8-35.0), Trichostrongylus spp. (n = 7; 13%; 95% CI: 5.3-24.5), Strongyloides spp. (n = 5; 9%; 95% CI: 3.0-20.0), Anaplasma spp. (n = 5; 9%; 95% CI: 3.02-20.0), Paragonimus spp. (n = 1; 2%; 95% CI: 0.05-9.7), Schistosoma spp. (n = 1; 2%; 95% CI: 0.05-9.7), Hymenolepis spp. (n = 1; 2%; 95% CI: 0.05-9.7), Moniezia spp. (n = 1; 2%; 95% CI: 0.05-9.7), and Babesia spp. (n = 1; 2%; 95% CI: 0.05-9.7). Mean EPG feces of camel was 291.76 ± 42.03 with a range of 0-1,400. Total 59.4% dhumba (n = 19; 95% CI: 41-76) were positive for GI parasite, including Trichostrongylus spp. (n = 10; 31.3%; 95% CI: 16.1-50), Strongyloides spp. (n = 9; 28%; 95% CI: 13.8-46.8), B. coli (n = 5; 15.6%; 95% CI: 5.3-32.8), and Trichuris spp. (n = 4; 12.5%; 95% CI: 3.5-28.9). High percentage of parasitic infestation in camel and dhumba in the present study refers to the necessity of use of anthelmintic for health and production improvement and to prevent zoonotic parasite transmission to animal handler and workers.

ACS Style

Ariful Islam; Jinnat Ferdous; Kaisar Rahman; Helal Uddin; Sazeda Akter; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Diversity and prevalence of parasitic infestation with zoonotic potential in dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) and fat-tailed sheep (dhumba) in Bangladesh. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 2019, 6, 142 -147.

AMA Style

Ariful Islam, Jinnat Ferdous, Kaisar Rahman, Helal Uddin, Sazeda Akter, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Diversity and prevalence of parasitic infestation with zoonotic potential in dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) and fat-tailed sheep (dhumba) in Bangladesh. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research. 2019; 6 (1):142-147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ariful Islam; Jinnat Ferdous; Kaisar Rahman; Helal Uddin; Sazeda Akter; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. 2019. "Diversity and prevalence of parasitic infestation with zoonotic potential in dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) and fat-tailed sheep (dhumba) in Bangladesh." Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research 6, no. 1: 142-147.

Journal article
Published: 09 August 2018 in Veterinary World
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The study was aimed to determine the reference values of most commonly used hematological and biochemical parameters of indigenous sheep, reared under semi-intensive backyard farms in Dhaka and Chittagong district, Bangladesh

ACS Style

Kaisar Rahman; Shariful Islam; Jinnat Ferdous; Helal Uddin; Muhammad Belal Hossain; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Determination of hematological and serum biochemical reference values for indigenous sheep (Ovies aries) in Dhaka and Chittagong Districts of Bangladesh. Veterinary World 2018, 11, 1089 -1093.

AMA Style

Kaisar Rahman, Shariful Islam, Jinnat Ferdous, Helal Uddin, Muhammad Belal Hossain, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Determination of hematological and serum biochemical reference values for indigenous sheep (Ovies aries) in Dhaka and Chittagong Districts of Bangladesh. Veterinary World. 2018; 11 (8):1089-1093.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kaisar Rahman; Shariful Islam; Jinnat Ferdous; Helal Uddin; Muhammad Belal Hossain; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. 2018. "Determination of hematological and serum biochemical reference values for indigenous sheep (Ovies aries) in Dhaka and Chittagong Districts of Bangladesh." Veterinary World 11, no. 8: 1089-1093.