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To address food insecurity in northern Canada, some isolated communities started gardening initiatives to reduce dependencies on expensive foods flown in to communities. From 2012–2014, soils in northern Ontario James Bay lowlands were cultivated with bush beans and potatoes, grown in sole and intercropping configurations, in an open field and an agroforestry system enclosed by willow trees. The objective of this study was to compare the supply rates of 15 plant-available nutrients in these soils using in situ ion exchange membranes. After three years of cultivation, the agroforestry site had significantly greater supply of PO4, Ca, and Zn and these nutrients had positive correlations with yield. By contrast, the open site had significantly greater supply of Mg, SO4, and B; these nutrients, and Al, had negative correlations with yield. Whilst there were no differences between sole and intercropping configurations, significantly greater supply of NO3, Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn occurred early in the growing season, compared to significantly greater supply of K, SO4, B, and Al later in the season. Significantly greater yields have been harvested in the agroforestry site and it is suspected that the presence of a willow shelterbelt improves the microclimate and plant-available PO4, Ca, and Zn.
Jim Karagatzides; Meaghan Wilton; Leonard Tsuji. Soil Nutrient Supply in Cultivated Bush Bean–Potato Intercropping Grown in Subarctic Soil Managed with Agroforestry. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8185 .
AMA StyleJim Karagatzides, Meaghan Wilton, Leonard Tsuji. Soil Nutrient Supply in Cultivated Bush Bean–Potato Intercropping Grown in Subarctic Soil Managed with Agroforestry. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8185.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJim Karagatzides; Meaghan Wilton; Leonard Tsuji. 2021. "Soil Nutrient Supply in Cultivated Bush Bean–Potato Intercropping Grown in Subarctic Soil Managed with Agroforestry." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8185.
Aboriginal people in Canada experience disproportionately high rates of diet-related illnesses, such as obesity and diabetes. Food insecurity has been identified as a contributing factor to these illnesses along with a loss of traditional lifestyle. Current food systems within northern subarctic and arctic regions of Canada rely heavily on imported foods that are expensive (when available), and are environmentally unsustainable. A warming subarctic and arctic climate present challenges, but also offers the opportunity for local agricultural production that can increase food security and promote a more sustainable food system. In this study the feasibility of sustainably growing potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) utilizing agroforestry practices to enhance food security in remote subarctic communities is explored through a case study in Fort Albany First Nation in northern Ontario, Canada. Potato crops were grown over a two-year period and rotated into plots that had been planted with green bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Results showed that potatoes and bush beans could be grown successfully in the subarctic without the use of greenhouses with yields comparable to more conventional high-input agricultural methods. In subarctic Canada, sustainable local food production can help to promote social capital, healthier lifestyles, and food security.
Christine D. Barbeau; Maren Oelbermann; Jim D. Karagatzides; Leonard J. S. Tsuji. Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change: Producing Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and Bush Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for Improved Food Security and Resilience in a Canadian Subarctic First Nations Community. Sustainability 2015, 7, 5664 -5681.
AMA StyleChristine D. Barbeau, Maren Oelbermann, Jim D. Karagatzides, Leonard J. S. Tsuji. Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change: Producing Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and Bush Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for Improved Food Security and Resilience in a Canadian Subarctic First Nations Community. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (5):5664-5681.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristine D. Barbeau; Maren Oelbermann; Jim D. Karagatzides; Leonard J. S. Tsuji. 2015. "Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change: Producing Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) and Bush Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for Improved Food Security and Resilience in a Canadian Subarctic First Nations Community." Sustainability 7, no. 5: 5664-5681.
There is an overall consensus that arctic regions will experience climate change earlier and to a greater extent than lower latitude regions. Aboriginal people in Canada's northern regions are especially vulnerable to climate variability in addition to experiencing disproportionately high rates of diet-related illnesses such as diabetes, obesity and heart disease. The majority of these diet-related diseases can be attributed to food insecurity and a loss of traditional lifestyles. Furthermore, current food systems within these northern regions are reliant on imported foods that are resource expensive and are ecologically and socially unsustainable. A warming arctic climate offers the opportunity for local agricultural production that can promote ecologically and culturally sustainable means to increase food security. To date, there has been little investigation into the potential for sustainable food production in arctic and sub-arctic regions. In this study, the feasibility of using locally grown produce as a means to sustainably enhance food security in sub-arctic Aboriginal communities is explored through a case study in the community of Fort Albany First Nations located in Ontario, Canada. Solanum tuberosum L. (potatoes) and Phaseolus vulgaris L. (green beans) were grown over a two year period to determine if potato and bean crops could be grown in a sustainable manner for community consumption. Results from two growing seasons showed that potatoes and beans could be grown successfully in the sub-arctic especially with regards to warming air temperatures. Sustainable local food production offers flexible and innovative opportunities for communities to promote social capital, healthy lifestyles, adaptation and resilience, while helping to enhance the benefits that a warmer climate can offer.
Christine Barbeau; Maren Oelbermann; Leonard Tsuji; Jim Karagatzides. Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change: The Production of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and Bush Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Crops for Improved Food Security and Resilience in a First Nation Community in the Canadian Sub-Arctic. Proceedings of The 4th World Sustainability Forum 2014, 1 .
AMA StyleChristine Barbeau, Maren Oelbermann, Leonard Tsuji, Jim Karagatzides. Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change: The Production of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and Bush Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Crops for Improved Food Security and Resilience in a First Nation Community in the Canadian Sub-Arctic. Proceedings of The 4th World Sustainability Forum. 2014; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristine Barbeau; Maren Oelbermann; Leonard Tsuji; Jim Karagatzides. 2014. "Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change: The Production of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and Bush Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Crops for Improved Food Security and Resilience in a First Nation Community in the Canadian Sub-Arctic." Proceedings of The 4th World Sustainability Forum , no. : 1.
Christine D. Barbeau; Yukari Hori; William A. Gough; Jim D. Karagatzides; Daniel D. McCarthy; Don Cowan; Leonard J. S. Tsuji. The Potential Use of an Interactive Web-based Informatics Tool to Decrease the Incidence of Human-polar Bear Encounters Along the Western James Bay Coast of Ontario, Canada. The International Journal of Technology, Knowledge, and Society 2013, 8, 113 -127.
AMA StyleChristine D. Barbeau, Yukari Hori, William A. Gough, Jim D. Karagatzides, Daniel D. McCarthy, Don Cowan, Leonard J. S. Tsuji. The Potential Use of an Interactive Web-based Informatics Tool to Decrease the Incidence of Human-polar Bear Encounters Along the Western James Bay Coast of Ontario, Canada. The International Journal of Technology, Knowledge, and Society. 2013; 8 (5):113-127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChristine D. Barbeau; Yukari Hori; William A. Gough; Jim D. Karagatzides; Daniel D. McCarthy; Don Cowan; Leonard J. S. Tsuji. 2013. "The Potential Use of an Interactive Web-based Informatics Tool to Decrease the Incidence of Human-polar Bear Encounters Along the Western James Bay Coast of Ontario, Canada." The International Journal of Technology, Knowledge, and Society 8, no. 5: 113-127.
Yukari Hori; Benita Tam; William A Gough; Elise Ho-Foong; Jim D Karagatzides; Eric N Liberda; Leonard J S Tsuji. Use of traditional environmental knowledge to assess the impact of climate change on subsistence fishing in the James Bay Region of Northern Ontario, Canada. Rural and Remote Health 2012, 12, 1 .
AMA StyleYukari Hori, Benita Tam, William A Gough, Elise Ho-Foong, Jim D Karagatzides, Eric N Liberda, Leonard J S Tsuji. Use of traditional environmental knowledge to assess the impact of climate change on subsistence fishing in the James Bay Region of Northern Ontario, Canada. Rural and Remote Health. 2012; 12 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYukari Hori; Benita Tam; William A Gough; Elise Ho-Foong; Jim D Karagatzides; Eric N Liberda; Leonard J S Tsuji. 2012. "Use of traditional environmental knowledge to assess the impact of climate change on subsistence fishing in the James Bay Region of Northern Ontario, Canada." Rural and Remote Health 12, no. : 1.
Andrea D. Isogai; Daniel D. McCarthy; Jim D. Karagatzides; Skye Vandenberg; Holly Gardner; Vicky Edwards; Don Cowan; Leonard J. S. Tsuji. The Collaborative-geomatics Informatics Tool: Engaging Youth Using Place-based Education. The International Journal of Technology, Knowledge, and Society 2012, 8, 131 -142.
AMA StyleAndrea D. Isogai, Daniel D. McCarthy, Jim D. Karagatzides, Skye Vandenberg, Holly Gardner, Vicky Edwards, Don Cowan, Leonard J. S. Tsuji. The Collaborative-geomatics Informatics Tool: Engaging Youth Using Place-based Education. The International Journal of Technology, Knowledge, and Society. 2012; 8 (1):131-142.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea D. Isogai; Daniel D. McCarthy; Jim D. Karagatzides; Skye Vandenberg; Holly Gardner; Vicky Edwards; Don Cowan; Leonard J. S. Tsuji. 2012. "The Collaborative-geomatics Informatics Tool: Engaging Youth Using Place-based Education." The International Journal of Technology, Knowledge, and Society 8, no. 1: 131-142.
The impact of tree canopies on acid deposition was examined. Differences in the chemical composition of unintercepted precipitation (dustfall) and canopy was intercepted precipitation (throughfall) at 18 southern Ontario forests, collected during the summers of 1995-1996, were chemically analyzed. The methodology of collection and analysis validated using consistency checks for interception loss, maintenance of electrical neutrality and ion correlation. T-test analyses found throughfall fluxes of K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and NO3- were significantly higher than dustfall flux (p < 0.05), consistent with other studies. Barrie and nearby sites at Orillia and Bracebridge had larger dustfall depositions of base cations and Cl- suggesting a nearby source of these ions. T-tests revealed large exceedances of pH and sulphate concentration in dustfall over throughfall at the two Scarborough sites; a local point source of sulphates in the Greater Toronto Area was suspected.
Jules Carlson; William A. Gough; Jim D. Karagatzides; Leonard J. S. Tsuji. Canopy Interception of Acid Deposition in Southern Ontario. The Canadian Field-Naturalist 2003, 117, 523 -530.
AMA StyleJules Carlson, William A. Gough, Jim D. Karagatzides, Leonard J. S. Tsuji. Canopy Interception of Acid Deposition in Southern Ontario. The Canadian Field-Naturalist. 2003; 117 (4):523-530.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJules Carlson; William A. Gough; Jim D. Karagatzides; Leonard J. S. Tsuji. 2003. "Canopy Interception of Acid Deposition in Southern Ontario." The Canadian Field-Naturalist 117, no. 4: 523-530.
Teeth were collected from First Nation schoolchildren inhabiting the remote western James Bay region of northern Ontario, Canada. Lead levels in dentine chips were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, for naturally exfoliated deciduous teeth. Within exfoliated teeth (one tooth supplied per person), no significant differences in lead concentrations between tooth type were found (P = 0.36). The mean lead concentration of exfoliated teeth of 9.2 μg g−1 dry weight (N = 61) from this remote region was comparable to levels reported by others for children inhabiting urban centers or residing near smelters. Further, 24.6% (N = 15) had elevated dentine-lead levels (≥10 μg g−1). Lead levels in soil, water, and air have been reported as being low and unimportant sources of exposure for people of the western James Bay area. Evidence is reviewed suggesting that lead contaminated game meat was one source of environmental lead exposure. Consumption data indicate that wildlife is still an important food source for First Nation people of the western James Bay region; 98% (46/47) of the children surveyed consumed some type of wild meat.
Leonard J. S. Tsuji; Jim D. Karagatzides; Billy Katapatuk; Joshua Young; Daniel R. Kozlovic; Rhona M. Hanning; Evert Nieboer. Elevated dentine-lead levels in deciduous teeth collected from remote First Nation communities located in the western James Bay region of northern Ontario, Canada. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 2001, 3, 702 -705.
AMA StyleLeonard J. S. Tsuji, Jim D. Karagatzides, Billy Katapatuk, Joshua Young, Daniel R. Kozlovic, Rhona M. Hanning, Evert Nieboer. Elevated dentine-lead levels in deciduous teeth collected from remote First Nation communities located in the western James Bay region of northern Ontario, Canada. Journal of Environmental Monitoring. 2001; 3 (6):702-705.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeonard J. S. Tsuji; Jim D. Karagatzides; Billy Katapatuk; Joshua Young; Daniel R. Kozlovic; Rhona M. Hanning; Evert Nieboer. 2001. "Elevated dentine-lead levels in deciduous teeth collected from remote First Nation communities located in the western James Bay region of northern Ontario, Canada." Journal of Environmental Monitoring 3, no. 6: 702-705.