The aim of this research is to develop a GIS-based simulation for selecting the most suitable site of solid waste landfill which could help to minimize harmful impacts to the environment and society in the extreme sensitive and complex delta by an integration of geographic information system (GIS) and analysis hierarchy process (AHP) and nine criteria (distance from surface water; depth of ground water table; distance from residential area, land use, distance from main roads, geo-environmental and geotechnical characteristics, distance from historical and tourism sites, and distance from industrial zones). Different from most of the previous studies on the landfill site selection, geology-related criteria including soil types/lithology, soil permeability, and soil depth/soil thickness (soil-structure), which are called geo-environmental and geotechnical characteristics in this research, will be carefully considered, integrated, and evaluated. The AHP was employed to determine the weight of each criterion based on pair weight comparison and its matrix, while a land suitability index (LSI) score was calculated to determine the most suitable site. Moreover, the suitability map was also created which indicated very advantageous, advantageous, rather advantageous, and disadvantageous areas in the study area for landfill siting. Finally, the developed model could be used for supporting planners, managers, policy makers, and local government to make decisions on suitable and effective planning strategies for landfill site selection and could be applied anywhere and especially in other deltas around the world.

This study aims at conducting a literature review on GIS-based simulation for suitable onshore wind farm site selection. A total of 58 papers, which is published in 2010 to 2024 and from high-quality journals, were manually collected, investigated, and classified into the following categories: year of publication, keyword, journal index, application area, employed software, applied multi-criteria decision-making method, and proposed criteria. The top ten of the most used criteria were analysed in detail to indicate their importance order as well as value categories, potential value, restrictive value. Specifically, the criteria in the articles were the result of research conducted in different natural and economic climate zones in the world. Moreover, from these ten criteria, this study also determined combinations of criteria which simultaneously appeared the most in the collected papers. The set of criteria includes points of intersection and convergence of important characteristics of natural conditions and socio-economic infrastructure that significantly influence the decision on selecting the optimal location. The results showed that “distance from road network” was the most preferred criterion while “wind speed” was considered as the most important criterion. Furthermore, a combination of two criteria “wind speed” and “distance from road network” was the most used with a frequency of 50 (in total of 58 times). As the results, the research contributed a set of useful and necessary information for making decisions on suitable wind farm site selection which may help researchers, local government, investors easily determine and choose relevant influenced criteria and suitable methods.

In the context of China’s rapid urbanization and rural land marketization reforms, the entry of rural collectively owned commercial construction land into the market (ERCCCLM) coexists with the traditional government-led land expropriation, forming a dual land supply system. China’s dual-structure land ownership system—where urban land belongs to the state and rural land to rural collectives—aims to balance land market allocation efficiency with government regulation for public interests. However, significant differences exist between the two patterns in terms of revenue distribution, risk-bearing, and institutional constraints. Consequently, stakeholders including rural collective economic organizations, farmers, local governments, and development companies face dilemmas in selecting land supply patterns, thereby limiting land resource allocation efficiency. The research employs multidimensional economic analysis to systematically compare the ERCCCLM and land expropriation patterns, establishing a land supply pattern selection mechanism with land market price and compensation for expropriation as key variables. First, the expenditure and revenue of stakeholders in both patterns were clarified based on relevant documents, and investment revenue models were constructed. Second, through comparative analysis of revenue formation mechanisms across land supply patterns and sensitivity analysis of multi-scenario calculations, the land market price and compensation for expropriation are identified as key variables determining economic revenue. The findings indicate that when the land market price exceeds compensation for expropriation, ERCCCLM generates higher economic revenue for the rural collective economic organization and farmer. Conversely, when the land market price is equal to or lower than the compensation for expropriation, land expropriation provides more stable revenue. The land expropriation and ERCCCLM examined in this research represent a unique land expropriation and utilization system exclusive to China. The proposed selection mechanism improves land market distribution efficiency and informs policy discussions on optimizing land supply patterns, ensuring a balance between market efficiency and stakeholder equity.

This study explored the preliminary educational effects of a tsunami evacuation program using a streetscape reconstructed from a real district with a 3D laser scanner. The study area was Ono-machi, Kanazawa City, Japan, where 652 scan positions were captured using a Leica BLK360; the resulting point clouds were registered, cleaned, converted into a mesh model, and imported into Unity to build a desktop-based 3D evacuation experience. Twenty-five residents participated, operating the system individually or in small groups, discussing evacuation decisions, and completing pre- and post-experience questionnaires. Exploratory pre–post comparisons using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test were conducted for the 22 complete paired responses. Because five corresponding pairs were tested, the possibility of Type I error inflation due to multiple comparisons was considered. The results were interpreted using both uncorrected p-values and a Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold of 0.01. The largest improvement was observed in the understanding of hazardous locations, with a mean increase of 1.59 points and a large effect size. The improvement in consideration of detours and alternative routes also remained below the adjusted threshold. Other corresponding item pairs showed positive descriptive changes and uncorrected p-values below 0.05, but they did not meet the Bonferroni-adjusted threshold. Therefore, these findings should be interpreted as preliminary evidence that a locally grounded, point-cloud-derived 3D urban model may support residents’ place-based understanding of local hazards and evacuation-related reflection. By supporting local risk communication, preparedness, and evacuation-related reflection, this approach may contribute to sustainable community-based disaster-prevention education and the development of more resilient coastal communities.