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Shahneaz Khan
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh

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Journal article
Published: 15 June 2021 in Veterinary Sciences
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Poultry production has boomed in Bangladesh in recent years. The poultry sector has contributed significantly to meet the increased demand for animal source proteins in the country. However, increased use of antimicrobials appeared to be a significant threat to food safety in the poultry sector. The poultry drug and feed sellers are at the frontline position involving selecting and delivering the antimicrobials to the poultry farmers. Studies assessing the poultry drug and feed sellers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) are limited. The current study aimed to assess the community poultry drug and feed sellers’ KAPs of antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in some selected areas of Bangladesh. We determined the respondents’ (drug and the feed sellers) KAPs of AMU and AMR using a tested and paper-based questionnaire. The study demonstrated that most respondents have insufficient knowledge, less positive attitudes, and inappropriate practices regarding AMU and AMR. The factor score analysis further showed that the type of respondents and their years of experience, level of education, and training on the drug were the significant factors impacting the current knowledge, attitudes, and practices of AMU and AMR. The adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that the drug sellers who completed their education up to 12th grade and had training on the drug had adequate knowledge of AMU and AMR. The data also showed that the drug sellers belong to the age group 31–35 and 36–40 years and who completed 12th grade had good attitudes on the same. Likewise, the analysis further determined that drug sellers belonging to the age category 18–25 and 26–30 years, and interestingly, the respondents who completed education up to 12th grade, had better practices. Spearman’s rank-order correlation revealed a positive association between each pair of the KAPs scores for the respondents. The correlation was fair between knowledge–attitudes, knowledge–practices, and attitudes–practices. Based on the current study results, we recommend educational interventions and appropriate training for the poultry drug and feed sellers to raise awareness and to upgrade their current knowledge on the appropriate use of antimicrobials. This will ultimately lead to reducing the chances of developing AMR in the poultry sectors of the country.

ACS Style

Abul Kalam; Abdul Alim; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Rahim Badsha; Abdullah Mamun; Ashraful Hoque; Abu Tanzin; Shahneaz Khan; Ariful Islam; Mazharul Islam; Mohammad Hassan. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Poultry Drug and Feed Sellers in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences 2021, 8, 111 .

AMA Style

Abul Kalam, Abdul Alim, Shahanaj Shano, Raihan Khan Nayem, Rahim Badsha, Abdullah Mamun, Ashraful Hoque, Abu Tanzin, Shahneaz Khan, Ariful Islam, Mazharul Islam, Mohammad Hassan. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Poultry Drug and Feed Sellers in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences. 2021; 8 (6):111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abul Kalam; Abdul Alim; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Rahim Badsha; Abdullah Mamun; Ashraful Hoque; Abu Tanzin; Shahneaz Khan; Ariful Islam; Mazharul Islam; Mohammad Hassan. 2021. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices on Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Poultry Drug and Feed Sellers in Bangladesh." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 6: 111.

Journal article
Published: 05 October 2020 in Animals
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Bats are known reservoirs of Nipah virus (NiV) and some filoviruses and also appear likely to harbor the evolutionary progenitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). While bats are considered a reservoir of deadly viruses, little is known about people’s knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of bat conservation and ecology. The current study aimed to assess community people’s knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of bat ecology, myths, and the role of bats in transmitting NiV in Bangladesh. Since 2001, NiV has been a continuous threat to public health with a mortality rate of approximately 70% in Bangladesh. Over the years, many public health interventions have been implemented to raise awareness about bats and the spreading of NiV among the community peoples of Nipah outbreak areas (NOAs) and Nipah non-outbreak areas (NNOAs). We hypothesized that people from both areas might have similar knowledge of bat ecology and myths about bats but different knowledge regarding their role in the spreading of NiV. Using a four-point Likert scale-based questionnaire, our analysis showed that most people lack adequate knowledge regarding the role of bats in maintaining the ecological balance and instead trust their beliefs in different myths about bats. Factor score analysis showed that respondents’ gender (p = 0.01), the outbreak status of the area (p = 0.03), and their occupation (p = 0.04) were significant factors influencing their knowledge of bat ecology and myths. A regression analysis showed that farmers had 0.34 times the odds of having correct or positive knowledge of bat ecology and myths than businesspersons (odds ratio (OR) = 0.34, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.15–0.78, p = 0.01). Regarding the spreading of NiV via bats, people had a lower level of knowledge. In NOAs, age (p = 0.00), occupation (p = 0.00), and level of education (p = 0.00) were found to be factors contributing to the amount of knowledge regarding the transmission of NiV, whereas in NNOAs, the contributing factors were occupation (p = 0.00) and level of education (p = 0.01). Regression analysis revealed that respondents who were engaged in services (OR = 3.02, 95% CI = 1.07–8.54, p = 0.04) and who had completed primary education (OR = 3.06, 95% CI = 1.02–9.17, p < 0.05) were likely to have correct knowledge regarding the spreading of NiV. Based on the study results, we recommend educational interventions for targeted groups in the community, highlighting the ecosystem services and conservation of bats so as to improve people’s current knowledge and subsequent behavior regarding the role of bats in ecology and the spreading of NiV in Bangladesh.

ACS Style

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Mahabub Alam; Shahanaj Shano; Abdullah Al Faruq; Saddam Hossain; Nurul Islam; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Ariful Islam. Understanding the Community Perceptions and Knowledge of Bats and Transmission of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh. Animals 2020, 10, 1814 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Abul Kalam, Mahabub Alam, Shahanaj Shano, Abdullah Al Faruq, Saddam Hossain, Nurul Islam, Shahneaz Ali Khan, Ariful Islam. Understanding the Community Perceptions and Knowledge of Bats and Transmission of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh. Animals. 2020; 10 (10):1814.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Mahabub Alam; Shahanaj Shano; Abdullah Al Faruq; Saddam Hossain; Nurul Islam; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Ariful Islam. 2020. "Understanding the Community Perceptions and Knowledge of Bats and Transmission of Nipah Virus in Bangladesh." Animals 10, no. 10: 1814.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2020 in Journal of Risk and Financial Management
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The COVID-19 pandemic has manifested more than a health crisis and has severely impacted on social, economic, and development crises in the world. The relationship of COVID-19 with countries’ economic and other demographic statuses is an important criterion with which to assess the impact of this current outbreak. Based on available data from the online platform, we tested the hypotheses of a country’s economic status, population density, the median age of the population, and urbanization pattern influence on the test, attack, case fatality, and recovery rates of COVID-19. We performed correlation and multivariate multinomial regression analysis with relative risk ratio (RRR) to test the hypotheses. The correlation analysis showed that population density and test rate had a significantly negative association (r = −0.2384, p = 0.00). In contrast, the median age had a significant positive correlation with recovery rate (r = 0.4654, p = 0.00) and case fatality rate (r = 0.2847, p = 0.00). The urban population rate had a positive significant correlation with recovery rate (r = 0.1610, p = 0.04). Lower-middle-income countries had a negative significant correlation with case fatality rate (r= −0.3310, p = 0.04). The multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that low-income countries are more likely to have an increased risk of case fatality rate (RRR = 0.986, 95% Confidence Interval; CI = 0.97−1.00, p < 0.05) and recovery rate (RRR = 0.967, 95% CI = 0.95–0.98, p = 0.00). The lower-income countries are more likely to have a higher risk in case of attack rate (RRR = 0.981, 95% CI = 0.97–0.99, p = 0.00) and recovery rate (RRR = 0.971, 95% CI = 0.96–0.98, p = 0.00). Similarly, upper middle-income countries are more likely to have higher risk in case of attack rate (RRR = 0.988, 95% CI = 0.98–1.0, p = 0.01) and recovery rate (RRR = 0.978, 95% CI = 0.97–0.99, p = 0.00). The low- and lower-middle-income countries should invest more in health care services and implement adequate COVID-19 preventive measures to reduce the risk burden. We recommend a participatory, whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach for responding to the socio-economic challenges of COVID-19 and ensuring more resilient and robust health systems to safeguard against preventable deaths and poverty by improving public health outcomes.

ACS Style

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Kaisar Rahman; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Ariful Islam. Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 2020, 13, 194 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Abul Kalam, Shahanaj Shano, Raihan Khan Nayem, Kaisar Rahman, Shahneaz Ali Khan, Ariful Islam. Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally. Journal of Risk and Financial Management. 2020; 13 (9):194.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Kaisar Rahman; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Ariful Islam. 2020. "Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, no. 9: 194.

Review
Published: 24 August 2020 in BMC Veterinary Research
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Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing concern globally, but the impact is very deleterious in the context of Bangladesh. Recent review article on the AMR issue demonstrates the scenario in human medicine; unfortunately, no attempt was taken to address this as One Health issue. The antimicrobial resistance bacteria or genes are circulating in the fragile ecosystems and disseminate into human food chain through direct or indirect ways. In this systematic review we are exploring the mechanism or the process of development of resistance pathogen into human food chain via the domestic animal, wildlife and environmental sources in the context of One Health and future recommendation to mitigate this issue in Bangladesh. Results Tetracycline resistance genes were presenting in almost all sample sources in higher concentrations against enteric pathogen Escherichia coli. The second most significant antibiotics are amino-penicillin that showed resistant pattern across different source of samples. It is a matter of concerns that cephalosporin tends to acquire resistance in wildlife species that might be an indication of this antibiotic resistance gene or the pathogen been circulating in our surrounding environment though the mechanism is still unclear. Conclusions Steps to control antibiotic release and environmental disposal from all uses should be immediate and obligatory. There is a need for detailed system biology analysis of resistance development in-situ.

ACS Style

Shahneaz Ali Khan; Mohammed Ashif Imtiaz; Abu Sayeed; Amir Hossan Shaikat; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Antimicrobial resistance pattern in domestic animal - wildlife - environmental niche via the food chain to humans with a Bangladesh perspective; a systematic review. BMC Veterinary Research 2020, 16, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Shahneaz Ali Khan, Mohammed Ashif Imtiaz, Abu Sayeed, Amir Hossan Shaikat, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. Antimicrobial resistance pattern in domestic animal - wildlife - environmental niche via the food chain to humans with a Bangladesh perspective; a systematic review. BMC Veterinary Research. 2020; 16 (1):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahneaz Ali Khan; Mohammed Ashif Imtiaz; Abu Sayeed; Amir Hossan Shaikat; Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan. 2020. "Antimicrobial resistance pattern in domestic animal - wildlife - environmental niche via the food chain to humans with a Bangladesh perspective; a systematic review." BMC Veterinary Research 16, no. 1: 1-13.

Preprint
Published: 28 June 2020
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The COVID-19 outbreak has severely affected the social and economic conditions across this globe. Little is known about the relationship of COVID-19 with countries’ economic and socio-demographic status. Publicly available data on COVID-19 test rate, attack rate, case fatality rate, and recovery rate were analyzed in relation to country’s economic status, population density, median age, and urban population ratio. We also conducted multinomial logistic regression analysis to predict the influence of countries’ social and economic factors on COVID-19. The results revealed that the median age had significant positive correlation with attack rate (r=0.2389, p=0.003), case fatality rate (r=0.3207, p=0.000) and recovery rate (r=0.4847, p=0.000). The urbanization has positive significant correlation with recovery rate (r=0.1957, p= 0.016). The multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed low-income countries are less likely to have an increased recovery rate (p=0.000) and attack rate (p=0.016) compare to high-income countries. The lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income countries are less likely to have an increased recovery rate (p=0.000 and p=0.001, respectively) compared to high-income countries. Based on the result of this study, these economic and socio-demographic factors should consider in designing appropriate preventive measures as a next step. The low and lower-middle-income countries should invest more in health care services to lower the case fatality rate and increase test and recovery rates as part of pandemic preparation like COVID-19. As the number of COVID-19 attacks, death and recovery rates are constantly changing; however, the intensive study is required to obtain a clear picture.

ACS Style

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Kaisar Rahman; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Ariful Islam. Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Abul Kalam, Shahanaj Shano, Raihan Khan Nayem, Kaisar Rahman, Shahneaz Ali Khan, Ariful Islam. Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan; Abul Kalam; Shahanaj Shano; Raihan Khan Nayem; Kaisar Rahman; Shahneaz Ali Khan; Ariful Islam. 2020. "Assessment of Epidemiological Determinants of COVID-19 Pandemic Related to Social and Economic Factors Globally." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Veterinary Sciences
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Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses have pandemic potential, cause significant economic losses and are of veterinary and public health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and diversity of hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes of avian influenza virus (AIV) in poultry and wild birds in Bangladesh. We conducted an avian influenza sero-surveillance in wild and domestic birds in wetlands of Chattogram and Sylhet in the winter seasons 2012–2014. We tested serum samples using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA), and randomly selected positive serum samples (170 of 942) were tested using hemagglutination inhibition (HI) to detect antibodies against the 16 different HA sero-subtypes. All AIV sero–subtypes except H7, H11, H14 and H15 were identified in the present study, with H5 and H9 dominating over other subtypes, regardless of the bird species. The diversity of HA sero-subtypes within groups ranged from 3 (in household chickens) to 10 (in migratory birds). The prevalence of the H5 sero-subtype was 76.3% (29/38) in nomadic ducks, 71.4% (5/7) in household chicken, 66.7% (24/36) in resident wild birds, 65.9% (27/41) in migratory birds and 61.7% (29/47) in household ducks. Moreover, the H9 sero-subtype was common in migratory birds (56%; 23/41), followed by 38.3% (18/47) in household ducks, 36.8% (14/38) in nomadic ducks, 30.6% (11/66) in resident wild birds and 28.5% (2/7) in household chickens. H1, H4 and H6 sero-subtypes were the most common sero-subtypes (80%; 8/10, 70%; 7/10 and 70%; 7/10, respectively) in migratory birds in 2012, H9 in resident wild birds (83.3%; 5/6) and H2 in nomadic ducks (73.9%; 17/23) in 2013, and the H5 sero-subtype in all types of birds (50% to 100%) in 2014. The present study demonstrates that a high diversity of HA subtypes circulated in diverse bird species in Bangladesh, and this broad range of AIV hosts may increase the probability of AIVs’ reassortment and may enhance the emergence of novel AIV strains. A continued surveillance for AIV at targeted domestic–wild bird interfaces is recommended to understand the ecology and evolution of AIVs.

ACS Style

Mohammad M. Hassan; Mohamed E. El Zowalaty; Ariful Islam; Shahneaz A. Khan; K. Rahman; Josef D. Järhult; A. Hoque. Prevalence and Diversity of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Sero-Subtypes in Poultry and Wild Birds in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences 2020, 7, 73 .

AMA Style

Mohammad M. Hassan, Mohamed E. El Zowalaty, Ariful Islam, Shahneaz A. Khan, K. Rahman, Josef D. Järhult, A. Hoque. Prevalence and Diversity of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Sero-Subtypes in Poultry and Wild Birds in Bangladesh. Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 7 (2):73.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammad M. Hassan; Mohamed E. El Zowalaty; Ariful Islam; Shahneaz A. Khan; K. Rahman; Josef D. Järhult; A. Hoque. 2020. "Prevalence and Diversity of Avian Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Sero-Subtypes in Poultry and Wild Birds in Bangladesh." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 2: 73.