This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Quick response manufacturing (QRM) is a relatively new concept that enfolds all the preceding approaches, namely, just in time (JIT), flexible manufacturing, agile manufacturing, and lean production. QRM is compatible with existing materials requirement planning (MRP) systems and can be implemented efficiently. The ideas from QRM have been highly influential in custom-made engineer-to-order and make-to-order (ETO/MTO) high-mix and low-volume production environments. This study investigates the effectiveness of the POLCA (paired cell overlapping loops of cards) integrated QRM framework for reducing lead time. The POLCA integrated QRM approach was implemented in a precise product manufacturing industry. The industry was facing high penalties due to improper planning and uncontrolled lead times. The implementation of QRM with the POLCA framework indicated optimized production scheduling and significant improvement in lead time and work in process (WIP). After implementing the new manufacturing strategy, the performance parameters showed significant improvement in terms of reducing the percentage loss of profit.
Wanzhu Wang; Qazi Khalid; Muhammad Abas; Hao Li; Shakir Azim; Abdur Babar; Waqas Saleem; Razaullah Khan. Implementation of POLCA Integrated QRM Framework for Optimized Production Performance—A Case Study. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3452 .
AMA StyleWanzhu Wang, Qazi Khalid, Muhammad Abas, Hao Li, Shakir Azim, Abdur Babar, Waqas Saleem, Razaullah Khan. Implementation of POLCA Integrated QRM Framework for Optimized Production Performance—A Case Study. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3452.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWanzhu Wang; Qazi Khalid; Muhammad Abas; Hao Li; Shakir Azim; Abdur Babar; Waqas Saleem; Razaullah Khan. 2021. "Implementation of POLCA Integrated QRM Framework for Optimized Production Performance—A Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3452.
Minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) is an advanced technique in machining to achieve sustainability, productivity, higher precision, economic benefits, and a reduction in carbon footprints. The present research work aims to investigate the effect of the cutting process parameters of the end milling of AA5005H34 material under dry and MQL cutting environments. The key performance indicators of machining include the surface roughness profile, the material removal rate, and tool wear. Surface roughness parameters are measured with the help of the Mitutoyo surface roughness tester, and the cutting tool wear is measured according to the ISO 8688-2:1989 standard using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Sixteen experiments are designed based on the Taguchi orthogonal array mixture design. Single responses are optimized based on signal to noise ratios, while for multi-response optimization composite desirability function coupled with principal component analysis is applied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed that the feed rate followed by spindle speed, axial depth of the cut, width of the cut, and cutting environment are the most significant factors contributing to the surface roughness profile, material removal rate, and tool wear. The optimized parameters are obtained as cutting speed of 3000 rev/min, feed rate of 350 mm/min, axial depth of cut of 2 mm, and width of cut of 6 mm under an MQL environment.
Mohsin Qazi; Muhammad Abas; Razaullah Khan; Waqas Saleem; Catalin Pruncu; Muhammad Omair. Experimental Investigation and Multi-Response Optimization of Machinability of AA5005H34 Using Composite Desirability Coupled with PCA. Metals 2021, 11, 235 .
AMA StyleMohsin Qazi, Muhammad Abas, Razaullah Khan, Waqas Saleem, Catalin Pruncu, Muhammad Omair. Experimental Investigation and Multi-Response Optimization of Machinability of AA5005H34 Using Composite Desirability Coupled with PCA. Metals. 2021; 11 (2):235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohsin Qazi; Muhammad Abas; Razaullah Khan; Waqas Saleem; Catalin Pruncu; Muhammad Omair. 2021. "Experimental Investigation and Multi-Response Optimization of Machinability of AA5005H34 Using Composite Desirability Coupled with PCA." Metals 11, no. 2: 235.
This research focuses on the mediating role of construction materials, sustainable use between the construction supply chain integration and the construction industry performance. In this concern, the case of Pakistan was considered specifically. The research design employed in this study was quantitative and a close-ended survey questionnaire was used as a research instrument. The sample size used is comprised of 300 participants and analysis was performed through the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results revealed that the effect of the components of supply chain integration on the construction industry performance was statistically significant. Moreover, outcomes also substantiate the mediation role of using construction material sustainably. The scope of the research was limited to the construction industry of Pakistan; however, future research would focus on other countries and industries.
Asad Kamal; Rai Azfar; Bashir Salah; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Abas; Razaullah Khan; Catalin Pruncu. Quantitative Analysis of Sustainable Use of Construction Materials for Supply Chain Integration and Construction Industry Performance through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Sustainability 2021, 13, 522 .
AMA StyleAsad Kamal, Rai Azfar, Bashir Salah, Waqas Saleem, Muhammad Abas, Razaullah Khan, Catalin Pruncu. Quantitative Analysis of Sustainable Use of Construction Materials for Supply Chain Integration and Construction Industry Performance through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):522.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsad Kamal; Rai Azfar; Bashir Salah; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Abas; Razaullah Khan; Catalin Pruncu. 2021. "Quantitative Analysis of Sustainable Use of Construction Materials for Supply Chain Integration and Construction Industry Performance through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 522.
Three-dimensional printed plastic products developed through fused deposition modeling (FDM) endure long-term loading in most of the applications. The tensile creep behavior of such products is one of the imperative benchmarks to ensure dimensional stability under cyclic and dynamic loads. This research dealt with the optimization of the tensile creep behavior of 3D printed parts produced through fused deposition modeling (FDM) using polylactic acid (PLA) material. The geometry of creep test specimens follows the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D2990) standards. Three-dimensional printing is performed on an open-source MakerBot desktop 3D printer. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is employed to predict the creep rate and rupture time by undertaking the layer height, infill percentage, and infill pattern type (linear, hexagonal, and diamond) as input process parameters. A total of 39 experimental runs were planned by means of a categorical central composite design. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed that the most influencing factors for creep rate were layer height, infill percentage, and infill patterns, whereas, for rupture time, infill pattern was found significant. The optimized levels obtained for both responses for hexagonal pattern were 0.1 mm layer height and 100% infill percentage. Some verification tests were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the adopted RSM technique. The implemented research is believed to be a comprehensive guide for the additive manufacturing users to determine the optimum process parameters of FDM which influence the product creep rate and rupture time.
Muhammad Waseem; Bashir Salah; Tufail Habib; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Abas; Razaullah Khan; Usman Ghani; Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi. Multi-Response Optimization of Tensile Creep Behavior of PLA 3D Printed Parts Using Categorical Response Surface Methodology. Polymers 2020, 12, 2962 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Waseem, Bashir Salah, Tufail Habib, Waqas Saleem, Muhammad Abas, Razaullah Khan, Usman Ghani, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi. Multi-Response Optimization of Tensile Creep Behavior of PLA 3D Printed Parts Using Categorical Response Surface Methodology. Polymers. 2020; 12 (12):2962.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Waseem; Bashir Salah; Tufail Habib; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Abas; Razaullah Khan; Usman Ghani; Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi. 2020. "Multi-Response Optimization of Tensile Creep Behavior of PLA 3D Printed Parts Using Categorical Response Surface Methodology." Polymers 12, no. 12: 2962.
In the fabrication of electronic devices, uniform and good quality conductive printed lines are highly desirable. The goal of the present study is to develop a predictive model for conductive pattern lines produced by the microdispensing system. For this purpose, an artificial neural network (ANN) based on a feed-forward backpropagation algorithm is adopted. Input process parameters are pressure, feed rate, and standoff distance, while the output performance parameter (response) is the width of pattern lines generated through 200 µm and 500 µm nozzles diameter. The dispensing material is carbon paste having a viscosity of 30 Pa s. Best levels of process parameters are identified to achieve lower width of pattern lines based on the Taguchi signal-to-noise ratios. The identified best levels are found valid in the ranges of printing process parameters after training the neural networks. The prediction ability of ANN models is evaluated based on the leave-one-out cross-validation technique. The results showed that the proposed ANN model accomplished better results in predicting the width of pattern lines. In addition, the proposed approach is extendable to different materials with a variety of viscosities as well as to other similar printing techniques.
Muhammad Abas; Khawar Naeem; Tufail Habib; Imran Khan; Umer Farooq; Qazi Salman Khalid; Khalid Rahman. Development of Prediction Model for Conductive Pattern Lines Generated Through Positive Displacement Microdispensing System Using Artificial Neural Network. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2020, 46, 2429 -2442.
AMA StyleMuhammad Abas, Khawar Naeem, Tufail Habib, Imran Khan, Umer Farooq, Qazi Salman Khalid, Khalid Rahman. Development of Prediction Model for Conductive Pattern Lines Generated Through Positive Displacement Microdispensing System Using Artificial Neural Network. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2020; 46 (3):2429-2442.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Abas; Khawar Naeem; Tufail Habib; Imran Khan; Umer Farooq; Qazi Salman Khalid; Khalid Rahman. 2020. "Development of Prediction Model for Conductive Pattern Lines Generated Through Positive Displacement Microdispensing System Using Artificial Neural Network." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 46, no. 3: 2429-2442.
This study proposes a methodology for the oil and gas businesses to keep their production plant productive with a minimum investment in carrying maintenance, repair, and operating inventory planning. The goal is to assist the exploration and production companies in minimizing the investment in keeping maintenance, repair, and operating (MRO) inventory for improving production plant uptime. The MRO inventory is the most expensive asset and it requires substantial investment. It helps in keeping the oil and gas production plant productive by performing planned and unplanned maintenance activities. A (Q, r) model with a stock-out and backorder cost approach is combined with a continuous inventory review policy for the analysis of class A items of oil and gas production plant MRO inventory. The class A items are identified through popular ABC analysis based on annual dollar volume. The demand for the inventory is modeled through Poisson distribution with consideration of constant lead time. The (Q, r) model in both stock-out cost and backorder cost approaches assigned higher order frequency and lower service level to low annual demand and highly expensive items. The stock-out cost approach shows an 8.88% increase in the average service level and a 56.9% decrease in the company average inventory investment. The backorder cost approach results in a 7.77% increase in average service level and a 57% decrease in average inventory investment in contrast to the company’s existing inventory management system. The results have a direct impact on increasing plant uptime and productivity and reducing company maintenance cost through properly managing maintenance stock. The analysis is carried out on the oil and gas production plant’s MRO inventory data, but it can be applied to other companies’ inventory data as well. All the results reflected in this research are based on the inventory ordering policy of two orders per year. The inventory ordering frequency per year may be other than two orders per year depending on the type of organization.
Usman Ali; Bashir Salah; Khawar Naeem; Abdul Khan; Razaullah Khan; Catalin Pruncu; Muhammad Abas; Saadat Khan. Improved MRO Inventory Management System in Oil and Gas Company: Increased Service Level and Reduced Average Inventory Investment. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8027 .
AMA StyleUsman Ali, Bashir Salah, Khawar Naeem, Abdul Khan, Razaullah Khan, Catalin Pruncu, Muhammad Abas, Saadat Khan. Improved MRO Inventory Management System in Oil and Gas Company: Increased Service Level and Reduced Average Inventory Investment. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8027.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUsman Ali; Bashir Salah; Khawar Naeem; Abdul Khan; Razaullah Khan; Catalin Pruncu; Muhammad Abas; Saadat Khan. 2020. "Improved MRO Inventory Management System in Oil and Gas Company: Increased Service Level and Reduced Average Inventory Investment." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8027.
Precise, economical and sustainable cutting operations are highly desirable in the advanced manufacturing environment. For this aim, the present study investigated the influence of cutting parameters (i.e., the cutting speed (c), feed rate (f), depth of cut (d) and positive rake angle (p)) and sustainable cutting conditions (dry and minimum quantity lubricant (MQL)) on cutting forces (i.e., feed force (Ff), tangential forces (Ft), radial force (Fr) and resultant cutting forces (Fc) and shape deviations (i.e., circularity and cylindricity) of a 6026-T9 aluminum alloy. The type of lubricant and insert used are virgin olive oil and uncoated tungsten carbide tool. Turning experiments were performed on a TAKISAWA TC-1 CNC lathe machine and cutting forces were measured with the help of a Kistler 9257B dynamometer. Shape deviations were evaluated by means of a Tesa Micro-Hite 3D DCC 474 coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Experimental runs were planned based on Taguchi mixture orthogonal array design L16. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to study the statistical significance of cutting parameters. Taguchi based signal to noise (S/N) ratios are applied for optimization of single response, while for optimization of multiple responses Taguchi based signal to noise (S/N) ratios coupled with multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA) and criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) are employed. ANOVA results revealed that feed rate, followed by a depth of cut, are the most influencing and contributing factors for all components of cutting forces (Ff, Ft, Fr, and Fc) and shape deviations (circularity and cylindricity). The optimized cutting parameters obtained for multi responses are c = 600 m/min, f = 0.1 mm/rev, d = 1 mm and p = 25°, while for cutting conditions, MQL is optimal.
Muhammad Abas; Bashir Salah; Qazi Salman Khalid; Iftikhar Hussain; Abdur Rehman Babar; Rashid Nawaz; Razaullah Khan; Waqas Saleem. Experimental Investigation and Statistical Evaluation of Optimized Cutting Process Parameters and Cutting Conditions to Minimize Cutting Forces and Shape Deviations in Al6026-T9. Materials 2020, 13, 4327 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Abas, Bashir Salah, Qazi Salman Khalid, Iftikhar Hussain, Abdur Rehman Babar, Rashid Nawaz, Razaullah Khan, Waqas Saleem. Experimental Investigation and Statistical Evaluation of Optimized Cutting Process Parameters and Cutting Conditions to Minimize Cutting Forces and Shape Deviations in Al6026-T9. Materials. 2020; 13 (19):4327.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Abas; Bashir Salah; Qazi Salman Khalid; Iftikhar Hussain; Abdur Rehman Babar; Rashid Nawaz; Razaullah Khan; Waqas Saleem. 2020. "Experimental Investigation and Statistical Evaluation of Optimized Cutting Process Parameters and Cutting Conditions to Minimize Cutting Forces and Shape Deviations in Al6026-T9." Materials 13, no. 19: 4327.
The lower lead time and increasing demand for good quality parts require the industries to produce the parts manufactured sustainably with higher precision, improved productivity, and low cost using new techniques. Minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) is one of these techniques, which is economical and eco-friendly. This paper deals with the analysis and multi-response optimization of cutting process parameters of Aluminum alloy 6026-T9 in MQL and dry conditions using an integrated approach of composite desirability function and criteria importance through inter-criteria (CRITIC). The cutting parameters considered for the study are cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and positive rank angle, while the responses are surface roughness profile (Ra, Rq, Rz), tool life and material removal rate. The type of insert used was a tungsten carbide, while the coolant was minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) vegetable oil (olive oil) performed at 150 mL/hr. Taguchi orthogonal array (L16) using sixteen experimental runs are designed for machining. Based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) it is identified that the most significant cutting process parameters for surface roughness profile (Ra, Rq, Rz) under both dry and MQL conditions are the feed rate, while for the tool life are cutting speed and feed rate and for material removal rate is cutting speed followed by depth of cut and feed rate. Under dry conditions the optimized levels obtained are cutting speed of 500 m/min, the feed rate of 0.3 mm/rev, depth of cut of 2 mm, and positive rake angle of 15°. However for MQL condition are cutting speed of 500 m/min, the feed rate of 0.4 mm/rev, depth of cut of 2 mm, and positive rake angle of 15°. Finally, the machined worked piece surface and inserts are morphologically characterized at different cutting parameters using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX).
Muhammad Abas; Lal Sayd; Rehman Akhtar; Qazi Salman Khalid; Aqib Mashood Khan; Catalin Iulian Pruncu. Optimization of machining parameters of aluminum alloy 6026-T9 under MQL-assisted turning process. Journal of Materials Research and Technology 2020, 9, 10916 -10940.
AMA StyleMuhammad Abas, Lal Sayd, Rehman Akhtar, Qazi Salman Khalid, Aqib Mashood Khan, Catalin Iulian Pruncu. Optimization of machining parameters of aluminum alloy 6026-T9 under MQL-assisted turning process. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2020; 9 (5):10916-10940.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Abas; Lal Sayd; Rehman Akhtar; Qazi Salman Khalid; Aqib Mashood Khan; Catalin Iulian Pruncu. 2020. "Optimization of machining parameters of aluminum alloy 6026-T9 under MQL-assisted turning process." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 9, no. 5: 10916-10940.
Welding distortion is a critical issue as it leads to severe deterioration of structural integrity of welded work piece and dimensional precision. This study aims at studying the effects of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) parameters on the evolution of mechanical properties, including tensile strength, impact toughness, and hardness, along with angular distortion on a welded joint from SA 516 grade 70. Such parameters are analyzed and optimized by employing the Taguchi method and Grey relational analysis. SA 516 grade 70 is commercially used for fabrication of storage tanks, boilers and pressure vessels. SMAW is investigated with three levels of root gap, groove angle, electrode diameter, and pre-heat temperature, which were varied on a butt joint in flat (1 G) position to determine their effects on response variables at room temperature. Nine experiments were designed using a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, welded according to American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) section IX, and samples were prepared and tested as per ASTM A 370. The Taguchi method and Grey relational analysis were employed to observe the most significant parameters and optimal levels that synergically yield improved responses. Results are validated by conducting confirmatory experiments that show good agreement with optimum results.
Mohsin Iqbal Qazi; Rehman Akhtar; Muhammad Abas; Qazi Salman Khalid; Abdur Rehman Babar; Catalin Iulian Pruncu. An Integrated Approach of GRA Coupled with Principal Component Analysis for Multi-Optimization of Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) Process. Materials 2020, 13, 3457 .
AMA StyleMohsin Iqbal Qazi, Rehman Akhtar, Muhammad Abas, Qazi Salman Khalid, Abdur Rehman Babar, Catalin Iulian Pruncu. An Integrated Approach of GRA Coupled with Principal Component Analysis for Multi-Optimization of Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) Process. Materials. 2020; 13 (16):3457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohsin Iqbal Qazi; Rehman Akhtar; Muhammad Abas; Qazi Salman Khalid; Abdur Rehman Babar; Catalin Iulian Pruncu. 2020. "An Integrated Approach of GRA Coupled with Principal Component Analysis for Multi-Optimization of Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) Process." Materials 13, no. 16: 3457.
One of the main issues in a paper mill is the minimization of trim loss when cutting master reels and stocked reels into reels of smaller required widths. The losses produced in trimming at a paper mill are reprocessed by using different chemicals which contributes to significant discharge of effluent to surface water and causes environmental damage. This paper presents a real-world industrial problem of production planning and cutting optimization of reels at a paper mill and differs from other cutting stock problems by considering production and cutting of master reels of flexible widths and cutting already stocked over-produced and useable leftover reels of smaller widths. The cutting process of reels is performed with a limited number of cutting knives at the winder. The problem is formulated as a linear programming model where the generation of all feasible cutting patterns determines the columns of the constraint matrix. The model is solved optimally using simplex algorithm with the objective of trim loss minimization while satisfying a set of constraints. The solution obtained is rounded in a post-optimization procedure in order to satisfy integer constraints. When tested on data from the paper mill, the results of the proposed model showed a significant reduction in trim loss and outperformed traditional exact approaches. The cutting optimization resulted in minimum losses in paper trimming and a lesser amount of paper is reprocessed to make new reels which reduced the discharge of effluent to the environment.
Razaullah Khan; Catalin Iulian Pruncu; Abdul Salam Khan; Khawar Naeem; Muhammad Abas; Qazi Salman Khalid; Asnaf Aziz. A Mathematical Model for Reduction of Trim Loss in Cutting Reels at a Make-to-Order Paper Mill. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 5274 .
AMA StyleRazaullah Khan, Catalin Iulian Pruncu, Abdul Salam Khan, Khawar Naeem, Muhammad Abas, Qazi Salman Khalid, Asnaf Aziz. A Mathematical Model for Reduction of Trim Loss in Cutting Reels at a Make-to-Order Paper Mill. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (15):5274.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRazaullah Khan; Catalin Iulian Pruncu; Abdul Salam Khan; Khawar Naeem; Muhammad Abas; Qazi Salman Khalid; Asnaf Aziz. 2020. "A Mathematical Model for Reduction of Trim Loss in Cutting Reels at a Make-to-Order Paper Mill." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15: 5274.
Qazi Muhammad Usman Jan; Tufail Habib; Sahar Noor; Muhammad Abas; Shakir Azim; Qazi Muhammad Yaseen. Multi response optimization of injection moulding process parameters of polystyrene and polypropylene to minimize surface roughness and shrinkage’s using integrated approach of S/N ratio and composite desirability function. Cogent Engineering 2020, 7, 1 .
AMA StyleQazi Muhammad Usman Jan, Tufail Habib, Sahar Noor, Muhammad Abas, Shakir Azim, Qazi Muhammad Yaseen. Multi response optimization of injection moulding process parameters of polystyrene and polypropylene to minimize surface roughness and shrinkage’s using integrated approach of S/N ratio and composite desirability function. Cogent Engineering. 2020; 7 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQazi Muhammad Usman Jan; Tufail Habib; Sahar Noor; Muhammad Abas; Shakir Azim; Qazi Muhammad Yaseen. 2020. "Multi response optimization of injection moulding process parameters of polystyrene and polypropylene to minimize surface roughness and shrinkage’s using integrated approach of S/N ratio and composite desirability function." Cogent Engineering 7, no. 1: 1.
Risk management in construction projects is an important process to achieve the project objectives in terms of cost, quality and time. Construction projects faces delays, cost overrun and quality defects due to avoidance of risk factors by contractors, clients and consultants. So the present study aims to investigate the risk factors that influence project objectives namely cost, quality and time of building construction projects in Pakistan from perspective of contractors, clients, and consultants. Risk factors were selected from literature survey and were finalized after consultation with construction experts. A questionnaire survey was prepared and various construction professionals were approached for feedback. Based on feedback of 164 experts, collected data was analysed statistically and were ranked based on relative importance index. As per the survey results, inadequate project management is the most critical factor effecting time performance of construction projects, rework due to error effect cost performance, and poor supervision effect quality of construction projects. Additionally, the study will help in planning and monitoring stages of the projects and shall improve the performance of construction industry of Pakistan.
Asad Kamal; Muhammad Abas; Dildar Khan; Rai Waqas Azfar. Risk factors influencing the building projects in Pakistan: from perspective of contractors, clients and consultants. International Journal of Construction Management 2019, 1 -17.
AMA StyleAsad Kamal, Muhammad Abas, Dildar Khan, Rai Waqas Azfar. Risk factors influencing the building projects in Pakistan: from perspective of contractors, clients and consultants. International Journal of Construction Management. 2019; ():1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAsad Kamal; Muhammad Abas; Dildar Khan; Rai Waqas Azfar. 2019. "Risk factors influencing the building projects in Pakistan: from perspective of contractors, clients and consultants." International Journal of Construction Management , no. : 1-17.
Conductive polymers such as PEDOT: PSS have gained popularity in sensor fabrication and integration. The objective of current work is to investigate the effects of process parameters on the final quality of conductive patterns fabricated through Electro-hydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing. Solutions of different concentration of PEDOT: PSS in ethylene glycol and isopropyl alcohol were prepared for printing purpose. Effects of operating parameters such as voltage, frequency, pressure and printing speed on quality of printing patterns were experimentally investigated. Solution with higher concentration of PEDOT: PSS in ethylene glycol has shown better jetting stability even at higher frequencies and printing speeds. Increasing the frequency at high printing speed reduced the size of pattern width. Similarly, higher pulse voltage in the working envelope also reduced the pattern size. However, increasing the pressure increased the size of width of pattern. A drastic decrease in the pattern width was observed with increase in printing speed. A pattern width of approximately 19.6 μm was produced at 500 Hz of frequency and 2000 mm/min of printing speed, the electrical resistance of which is 1.03 Χ 106 Ω/mm. Finally, these results were compared with the same concentration of PEDOT: PSS in isopropyl alcohol reported in previous studies.
Umer Farooq; Imran Khan; Salman Ahmad; Muhammad Abas; Muhammad Alam Zaib Khan; Khalid Rahman. Fabrication of PEDOT: PSS conductive patterns on photo paper substrate through electro-hydrodynamic jet printing process. International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture 2019, 2, 318 -329.
AMA StyleUmer Farooq, Imran Khan, Salman Ahmad, Muhammad Abas, Muhammad Alam Zaib Khan, Khalid Rahman. Fabrication of PEDOT: PSS conductive patterns on photo paper substrate through electro-hydrodynamic jet printing process. International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture. 2019; 2 (4):318-329.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUmer Farooq; Imran Khan; Salman Ahmad; Muhammad Abas; Muhammad Alam Zaib Khan; Khalid Rahman. 2019. "Fabrication of PEDOT: PSS conductive patterns on photo paper substrate through electro-hydrodynamic jet printing process." International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture 2, no. 4: 318-329.
The present work is intended to fabricate low-cost flex sensor from conductive carbon paste using direct ink write (DIW) technique. DIW method is one of the additive manufacturing processes, which is capable to deposit a variety of material on a variety of substrates by a different mechanism to feature resolution at a microns level. It is widely used in the electronic industry for fabrication of PCBS and electrodes for different electronic devices. The DIW system in present study extrudes material stored in the syringe barrel through nozzle using compressed air. This mechanism will assist in creating patterns on a variety of substrates. Pneumatic controller is employed to control deposition of material, while computer-controlled X–Y stage is employed to control pattern generation. For effective and control patterning, printing parameters were optimized using Taguchi design optimization technique. The conductive carbon paste is used as ink for pattern generation on flexible PET substrate. Samples of flex sensor having different dimensions are prepared through DIW. The fabricated sensors were used as flexion sensor, and its electrical characteristic was evaluated. The obtained sensors are stable and reliable in performance.
Muhammad Abas; Khalid Rahman. Fabrication of flex sensors through direct ink write technique and its electrical characterization. Applied Physics A 2016, 122, 972 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Abas, Khalid Rahman. Fabrication of flex sensors through direct ink write technique and its electrical characterization. Applied Physics A. 2016; 122 (11):972.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Abas; Khalid Rahman. 2016. "Fabrication of flex sensors through direct ink write technique and its electrical characterization." Applied Physics A 122, no. 11: 972.