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Waqas Saleem
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Institute of Technology, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland

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Journal article
Published: 19 August 2021 in Materials
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Reinforced concrete is used worldwide in the construction industry. In past eras, extensive research has been conducted and has clearly shown the performance of stress–strain behaviour and ductility design for high-, standard-, and normal-strength concrete (NSC) in axial compression. Limited research has been conducted on the experimental and analytical investigation of low-strength concrete (LSC) confinement behaviour under axial compression and relative ductility. Meanwhile, analytical equations are not investigated experimentally for the confinement behaviour of LSC by transverse reinforcement. The current study experimentally investigates the concrete confinement behaviour under axial compression and relative ductility of NSC and LSC using volumetric transverse reinforcement (VTR), and comparison with several analytical models such as Mander, Kent, and Park, and Saatcioglu. In this study, a total of 44 reinforced-column specimens at a length of 18 in with a cross-section of 7 in × 7 in were used for uniaxial monotonic loading of NSC and LSC. Three columns of each set were confined with 2 in, 4 in, 6 in, and 8 in c/c lateral ties spacing. The experimental results show that the central concrete stresses are significantly affected by decreasing the spacing between the transverse steel. In the case of the LSC, the core stresses are double the central stress of NSC. However, increasing the VTR, the capacity and the ductility of NSC and LSC increases. Reducing the spacing between the ties from 8 in to 2 in center to center can affect the concrete column’s strength by 60% in LSC, but 25% in the NSC. The VTR and the spacing between the ties greatly affected the LSC compared to NSC. It was found that the relative ductility of the confined column samples was almost twice that of the unrestrained column samples. Regarding different models, the Manders model best represents the performance before the ultimate strength, whereas Kent and Park represents post-peak behaviour.

ACS Style

Mujahid Ali; Sheraz Abbas; Bashir Salah; Javed Akhter; Waqas Saleem; Sani Haruna; Shah Room; Isyaka Abdulkadir. Investigating Optimal Confinement Behaviour of Low-Strength Concrete through Quantitative and Analytical Approaches. Materials 2021, 14, 4675 .

AMA Style

Mujahid Ali, Sheraz Abbas, Bashir Salah, Javed Akhter, Waqas Saleem, Sani Haruna, Shah Room, Isyaka Abdulkadir. Investigating Optimal Confinement Behaviour of Low-Strength Concrete through Quantitative and Analytical Approaches. Materials. 2021; 14 (16):4675.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mujahid Ali; Sheraz Abbas; Bashir Salah; Javed Akhter; Waqas Saleem; Sani Haruna; Shah Room; Isyaka Abdulkadir. 2021. "Investigating Optimal Confinement Behaviour of Low-Strength Concrete through Quantitative and Analytical Approaches." Materials 14, no. 16: 4675.

Journal article
Published: 20 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Quick response manufacturing (QRM) is a relatively new concept that enfolds all the preceding approaches, namely, just in time (JIT), flexible manufacturing, agile manufacturing, and lean production. QRM is compatible with existing materials requirement planning (MRP) systems and can be implemented efficiently. The ideas from QRM have been highly influential in custom-made engineer-to-order and make-to-order (ETO/MTO) high-mix and low-volume production environments. This study investigates the effectiveness of the POLCA (paired cell overlapping loops of cards) integrated QRM framework for reducing lead time. The POLCA integrated QRM approach was implemented in a precise product manufacturing industry. The industry was facing high penalties due to improper planning and uncontrolled lead times. The implementation of QRM with the POLCA framework indicated optimized production scheduling and significant improvement in lead time and work in process (WIP). After implementing the new manufacturing strategy, the performance parameters showed significant improvement in terms of reducing the percentage loss of profit.

ACS Style

Wanzhu Wang; Qazi Khalid; Muhammad Abas; Hao Li; Shakir Azim; Abdur Babar; Waqas Saleem; Razaullah Khan. Implementation of POLCA Integrated QRM Framework for Optimized Production Performance—A Case Study. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3452 .

AMA Style

Wanzhu Wang, Qazi Khalid, Muhammad Abas, Hao Li, Shakir Azim, Abdur Babar, Waqas Saleem, Razaullah Khan. Implementation of POLCA Integrated QRM Framework for Optimized Production Performance—A Case Study. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3452.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wanzhu Wang; Qazi Khalid; Muhammad Abas; Hao Li; Shakir Azim; Abdur Babar; Waqas Saleem; Razaullah Khan. 2021. "Implementation of POLCA Integrated QRM Framework for Optimized Production Performance—A Case Study." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3452.

Journal article
Published: 24 February 2021 in Sustainability
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Closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) are gaining popularity due to their efficiency in addressing economic, environmental, and social concerns. An important point to ponder in the distribution of CLSC is that imperfect refrigeration and bad road conditions may result in product non-conformance during the transit and thus such products are to be returned to the supply node. This may hinder the level of customer satisfaction. This paper presents a sustainable closed-loop supply chain framework coupled with cross-docking subject to product non-conformance. A cost model is proposed to investigate the economic and environmental aspects of such systems. The transportation cost is analyzed in terms of total carbon emissions. A set of metaheuristics are administered to solve the model and a novel lower bound is proposed to relax the complexity of the proposed model. The results of different size problems are compared with the branch and bound approach and the proposed lower bound. The results indicate that the proposed research framework, mathematical model, and heuristic schemes can aid the decision-makers in a closed-loop supply chain context.

ACS Style

Abdul Khan; Qazi Khalid; Khawar Naeem; Rafiq Ahmad; Razaullah Khan; Waqas Saleem; Catalin Pruncu. Application of Exact and Multi-Heuristic Approaches to a Sustainable Closed Loop Supply Chain Network Design. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2433 .

AMA Style

Abdul Khan, Qazi Khalid, Khawar Naeem, Rafiq Ahmad, Razaullah Khan, Waqas Saleem, Catalin Pruncu. Application of Exact and Multi-Heuristic Approaches to a Sustainable Closed Loop Supply Chain Network Design. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2433.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Khan; Qazi Khalid; Khawar Naeem; Rafiq Ahmad; Razaullah Khan; Waqas Saleem; Catalin Pruncu. 2021. "Application of Exact and Multi-Heuristic Approaches to a Sustainable Closed Loop Supply Chain Network Design." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2433.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2021 in Metals
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Minimum quantity lubricant (MQL) is an advanced technique in machining to achieve sustainability, productivity, higher precision, economic benefits, and a reduction in carbon footprints. The present research work aims to investigate the effect of the cutting process parameters of the end milling of AA5005H34 material under dry and MQL cutting environments. The key performance indicators of machining include the surface roughness profile, the material removal rate, and tool wear. Surface roughness parameters are measured with the help of the Mitutoyo surface roughness tester, and the cutting tool wear is measured according to the ISO 8688-2:1989 standard using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Sixteen experiments are designed based on the Taguchi orthogonal array mixture design. Single responses are optimized based on signal to noise ratios, while for multi-response optimization composite desirability function coupled with principal component analysis is applied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed that the feed rate followed by spindle speed, axial depth of the cut, width of the cut, and cutting environment are the most significant factors contributing to the surface roughness profile, material removal rate, and tool wear. The optimized parameters are obtained as cutting speed of 3000 rev/min, feed rate of 350 mm/min, axial depth of cut of 2 mm, and width of cut of 6 mm under an MQL environment.

ACS Style

Mohsin Qazi; Muhammad Abas; Razaullah Khan; Waqas Saleem; Catalin Pruncu; Muhammad Omair. Experimental Investigation and Multi-Response Optimization of Machinability of AA5005H34 Using Composite Desirability Coupled with PCA. Metals 2021, 11, 235 .

AMA Style

Mohsin Qazi, Muhammad Abas, Razaullah Khan, Waqas Saleem, Catalin Pruncu, Muhammad Omair. Experimental Investigation and Multi-Response Optimization of Machinability of AA5005H34 Using Composite Desirability Coupled with PCA. Metals. 2021; 11 (2):235.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohsin Qazi; Muhammad Abas; Razaullah Khan; Waqas Saleem; Catalin Pruncu; Muhammad Omair. 2021. "Experimental Investigation and Multi-Response Optimization of Machinability of AA5005H34 Using Composite Desirability Coupled with PCA." Metals 11, no. 2: 235.

Journal article
Published: 07 January 2021 in Sustainability
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This research focuses on the mediating role of construction materials, sustainable use between the construction supply chain integration and the construction industry performance. In this concern, the case of Pakistan was considered specifically. The research design employed in this study was quantitative and a close-ended survey questionnaire was used as a research instrument. The sample size used is comprised of 300 participants and analysis was performed through the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results revealed that the effect of the components of supply chain integration on the construction industry performance was statistically significant. Moreover, outcomes also substantiate the mediation role of using construction material sustainably. The scope of the research was limited to the construction industry of Pakistan; however, future research would focus on other countries and industries.

ACS Style

Asad Kamal; Rai Azfar; Bashir Salah; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Abas; Razaullah Khan; Catalin Pruncu. Quantitative Analysis of Sustainable Use of Construction Materials for Supply Chain Integration and Construction Industry Performance through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Sustainability 2021, 13, 522 .

AMA Style

Asad Kamal, Rai Azfar, Bashir Salah, Waqas Saleem, Muhammad Abas, Razaullah Khan, Catalin Pruncu. Quantitative Analysis of Sustainable Use of Construction Materials for Supply Chain Integration and Construction Industry Performance through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):522.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asad Kamal; Rai Azfar; Bashir Salah; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Abas; Razaullah Khan; Catalin Pruncu. 2021. "Quantitative Analysis of Sustainable Use of Construction Materials for Supply Chain Integration and Construction Industry Performance through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 522.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2020 in Polymers
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Three-dimensional printed plastic products developed through fused deposition modeling (FDM) endure long-term loading in most of the applications. The tensile creep behavior of such products is one of the imperative benchmarks to ensure dimensional stability under cyclic and dynamic loads. This research dealt with the optimization of the tensile creep behavior of 3D printed parts produced through fused deposition modeling (FDM) using polylactic acid (PLA) material. The geometry of creep test specimens follows the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D2990) standards. Three-dimensional printing is performed on an open-source MakerBot desktop 3D printer. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is employed to predict the creep rate and rupture time by undertaking the layer height, infill percentage, and infill pattern type (linear, hexagonal, and diamond) as input process parameters. A total of 39 experimental runs were planned by means of a categorical central composite design. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed that the most influencing factors for creep rate were layer height, infill percentage, and infill patterns, whereas, for rupture time, infill pattern was found significant. The optimized levels obtained for both responses for hexagonal pattern were 0.1 mm layer height and 100% infill percentage. Some verification tests were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the adopted RSM technique. The implemented research is believed to be a comprehensive guide for the additive manufacturing users to determine the optimum process parameters of FDM which influence the product creep rate and rupture time.

ACS Style

Muhammad Waseem; Bashir Salah; Tufail Habib; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Abas; Razaullah Khan; Usman Ghani; Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi. Multi-Response Optimization of Tensile Creep Behavior of PLA 3D Printed Parts Using Categorical Response Surface Methodology. Polymers 2020, 12, 2962 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Waseem, Bashir Salah, Tufail Habib, Waqas Saleem, Muhammad Abas, Razaullah Khan, Usman Ghani, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi. Multi-Response Optimization of Tensile Creep Behavior of PLA 3D Printed Parts Using Categorical Response Surface Methodology. Polymers. 2020; 12 (12):2962.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Waseem; Bashir Salah; Tufail Habib; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Abas; Razaullah Khan; Usman Ghani; Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi. 2020. "Multi-Response Optimization of Tensile Creep Behavior of PLA 3D Printed Parts Using Categorical Response Surface Methodology." Polymers 12, no. 12: 2962.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2020 in Materials
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The influence of cutting forces during the machining of titanium alloys has attained prime attention in selecting the optimal cutting conditions to improve the surface integrity of medical implants and biomedical devices. So far, it has not been easy to explain the chip morphology of Ti6Al4V and the thermo-mechanical interactions involved during the cutting process. This paper investigates the chip configuration of the Ti6Al4V alloy under dry milling conditions at a macro and micro scale by employing the Johnson-Cook material damage model. 2D modeling, numerical milling simulations, and post-processing were conducted using the Abaqus/Explicit commercial software. The uncut chip geometry was modeled with variable thicknesses to accomplish the macro to micro-scale cutting by adapting a trochoidal path. Numerical results, predicted for the cutting reaction forces and shearing zone temperatures, were found in close approximation to experimental ones with minor deviations. Further analyses evaluated the influence of cutting speeds and contact friction coefficients over the chip flow stress, equivalent plastic strain, and chip morphology. The methodology developed can be implemented in resolving the industrial problems in the biomedical sector for predicting the chip morphology of the Ti6Al4V alloy, fracture mechanisms of hard-to-cut materials, and the effects of different cutting parameters on workpiece integrity.

ACS Style

Waqas Saleem; Bashir Salah; Xavier Velay; Rafiq Ahmad; Razaullah Khan; Catalin I. Pruncu. Numerical Modeling and Analysis of Ti6Al4V Alloy Chip for Biomedical Applications. Materials 2020, 13, 5236 .

AMA Style

Waqas Saleem, Bashir Salah, Xavier Velay, Rafiq Ahmad, Razaullah Khan, Catalin I. Pruncu. Numerical Modeling and Analysis of Ti6Al4V Alloy Chip for Biomedical Applications. Materials. 2020; 13 (22):5236.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Waqas Saleem; Bashir Salah; Xavier Velay; Rafiq Ahmad; Razaullah Khan; Catalin I. Pruncu. 2020. "Numerical Modeling and Analysis of Ti6Al4V Alloy Chip for Biomedical Applications." Materials 13, no. 22: 5236.

Journal article
Published: 29 September 2020 in Materials
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Precise, economical and sustainable cutting operations are highly desirable in the advanced manufacturing environment. For this aim, the present study investigated the influence of cutting parameters (i.e., the cutting speed (c), feed rate (f), depth of cut (d) and positive rake angle (p)) and sustainable cutting conditions (dry and minimum quantity lubricant (MQL)) on cutting forces (i.e., feed force (Ff), tangential forces (Ft), radial force (Fr) and resultant cutting forces (Fc) and shape deviations (i.e., circularity and cylindricity) of a 6026-T9 aluminum alloy. The type of lubricant and insert used are virgin olive oil and uncoated tungsten carbide tool. Turning experiments were performed on a TAKISAWA TC-1 CNC lathe machine and cutting forces were measured with the help of a Kistler 9257B dynamometer. Shape deviations were evaluated by means of a Tesa Micro-Hite 3D DCC 474 coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Experimental runs were planned based on Taguchi mixture orthogonal array design L16. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to study the statistical significance of cutting parameters. Taguchi based signal to noise (S/N) ratios are applied for optimization of single response, while for optimization of multiple responses Taguchi based signal to noise (S/N) ratios coupled with multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA) and criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) are employed. ANOVA results revealed that feed rate, followed by a depth of cut, are the most influencing and contributing factors for all components of cutting forces (Ff, Ft, Fr, and Fc) and shape deviations (circularity and cylindricity). The optimized cutting parameters obtained for multi responses are c = 600 m/min, f = 0.1 mm/rev, d = 1 mm and p = 25°, while for cutting conditions, MQL is optimal.

ACS Style

Muhammad Abas; Bashir Salah; Qazi Salman Khalid; Iftikhar Hussain; Abdur Rehman Babar; Rashid Nawaz; Razaullah Khan; Waqas Saleem. Experimental Investigation and Statistical Evaluation of Optimized Cutting Process Parameters and Cutting Conditions to Minimize Cutting Forces and Shape Deviations in Al6026-T9. Materials 2020, 13, 4327 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Abas, Bashir Salah, Qazi Salman Khalid, Iftikhar Hussain, Abdur Rehman Babar, Rashid Nawaz, Razaullah Khan, Waqas Saleem. Experimental Investigation and Statistical Evaluation of Optimized Cutting Process Parameters and Cutting Conditions to Minimize Cutting Forces and Shape Deviations in Al6026-T9. Materials. 2020; 13 (19):4327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Abas; Bashir Salah; Qazi Salman Khalid; Iftikhar Hussain; Abdur Rehman Babar; Rashid Nawaz; Razaullah Khan; Waqas Saleem. 2020. "Experimental Investigation and Statistical Evaluation of Optimized Cutting Process Parameters and Cutting Conditions to Minimize Cutting Forces and Shape Deviations in Al6026-T9." Materials 13, no. 19: 4327.

Journal article
Published: 26 July 2019 in Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering
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This research work deals with the numerical modeling and analysis of macro- to microscaled milling of a strain rate-sensitive alloy AA2024T351. The milling computations of a semicircular slot are performed in Abaqus/Explicit by employing the Johnson–Cook thermo-elasto viscoplastic material damage model. The Coulomb friction model is applied at the contact interfaces of work piece and cutting tool. Due to the simultaneous effect of cutting feed and angular speed (ωr), the geometry of uncut chip is modeled with variable section thickness to adapt the trochoidal path. The configuration of the uncut chip undertakes the macro- to micromilling effect. This research effort uniquely explains a comprehensive modeling and milling computations at macro- to microscales to identify the imperative milling characteristics. The presented formulation in form of the modified Johnson–Cook constitutive equation explains the size effect during micromilling. A parametric sensitivity analysis is performed with four different cutting speeds (500, 600, 700, and 800 m/min) and two contact friction coefficients (0.2 and 0.3) while keeping the feed rate constant (0.2 mm/teeth). It was observed that cutting speed and contract friction coefficient play a pivotal role in cutting reaction force and chip–tool interface temperature. A temperature in the range of 141–167 °C is predicted with different cutting speeds. The percentage deviations of the simulated cutting forces from the published experimental results are found promising. The estimated deviation may be because of compromising some imperative factors in numerical model, such as cutter vibrations, tool wear effect, tool run-out, and limitations, to develop an exact trochoidal trajectory.

ACS Style

W. Saleem; H. Ijaz; A. Alzahrani; M. Asad; J. Zhang. Numerical modeling and simulation of macro- to microscale chip considering size effect for optimum milling characteristics of AA2024T351. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 2019, 41, 1 .

AMA Style

W. Saleem, H. Ijaz, A. Alzahrani, M. Asad, J. Zhang. Numerical modeling and simulation of macro- to microscale chip considering size effect for optimum milling characteristics of AA2024T351. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering. 2019; 41 (8):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

W. Saleem; H. Ijaz; A. Alzahrani; M. Asad; J. Zhang. 2019. "Numerical modeling and simulation of macro- to microscale chip considering size effect for optimum milling characteristics of AA2024T351." Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 41, no. 8: 1.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2019 in Metals
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This contribution presents three-dimensional turning operation simulations exploiting the capabilities of finite element (FE) based software Abaqus/Explicit. Coupled temperature-displacement simulations for orthogonal cutting on an aerospace grade aluminum alloy AA2024-T351 with the conceived numerical model have been performed. Numerically computed results of cutting forces have been substantiated with the experimental data. Research work aims to contribute in comprehension of the end-burr formation process in orthogonal cutting. Multi-physical phenomena like crack propagation, evolution of shear zones (positive and negative), pivot-point appearance, thermal softening, etc., effecting burr formation for varying cutting parameters have been highlighted. Additionally, quantitative predictions of end burr lengths with foot type chip formation on the exit edge of the machined workpiece for various cutting parameters including cutting speed, feed rate, and tool rake angles have been made. Onwards, to investigate the influence of each cutting parameter on burr lengths and to find optimum values of cutting parameters statistical analyses using Taguchi’s design of experiment (DOE) technique and response surface methodology (RSM) have been performed. Investigations show that feed has a major impact, while cutting speed has the least impact in burr formation. Furthermore, it has been found that the early appearance of the pivot-point on the exit edge of the workpiece surface results in larger end-burr lengths. Results of statistical analyses have been successfully correlated with experimental findings in published literature.

ACS Style

Muhammad Asad; Hassan Ijaz; Waqas Saleem; Abdullah S.B. Mahfouz; Zeshan Ahmad; Tarek Mabrouki. Finite Element Analysis and Statistical Optimization of End-Burr in Turning AA2024. Metals 2019, 9, 276 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Asad, Hassan Ijaz, Waqas Saleem, Abdullah S.B. Mahfouz, Zeshan Ahmad, Tarek Mabrouki. Finite Element Analysis and Statistical Optimization of End-Burr in Turning AA2024. Metals. 2019; 9 (3):276.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Asad; Hassan Ijaz; Waqas Saleem; Abdullah S.B. Mahfouz; Zeshan Ahmad; Tarek Mabrouki. 2019. "Finite Element Analysis and Statistical Optimization of End-Burr in Turning AA2024." Metals 9, no. 3: 276.

Journal article
Published: 21 October 2018 in International Journal of Engineering & Technology
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The identification and selection of different physical parameters greatly influence the machining of materials. Cutting speed, feed, tool rake angle and friction are important physical parameters that affect the machining of the materials. Selection of suitable cutting parameters can help to achieve the better machining quality and enhanced tool life. Properly defined FE-model can efficiently simulate the machining processes and thus may help to save the machining cost and expensive materials instead of performing real-life experiments. In the present work, a detailed finite element analysis on the orthogonal cutting of aluminium alloy (AA2024) is conducted to validate the FE-based machining model. Numerically obtained resultant cutting forces are successfully compared with the experimental results for 0.3 and 0.4 mm/rev cutting feeds with 17.5° tool rake angle. Subsequently, the cutting forces are predicted for the selected feeds of 0.35 & 0.45 mm/rev and for different tool rake angles like 9.5°, 13.5° & 21.5° using finite element analysis. Finally, the optimum cutting parameters are suggested for cutting AA2024.

ACS Style

Hassan Ijaz; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Asad; Ahmed Alzahrani; Tarek Mabrouki. 2D Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of Dry Turning Process of Aeronautic Aluminium Alloy 2024. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 2018, 7, 37 -41.

AMA Style

Hassan Ijaz, Waqas Saleem, Muhammad Asad, Ahmed Alzahrani, Tarek Mabrouki. 2D Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of Dry Turning Process of Aeronautic Aluminium Alloy 2024. International Journal of Engineering & Technology. 2018; 7 (4.16):37-41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hassan Ijaz; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Asad; Ahmed Alzahrani; Tarek Mabrouki. 2018. "2D Finite Element Modeling and Analysis of Dry Turning Process of Aeronautic Aluminium Alloy 2024." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.16: 37-41.

Research article
Published: 28 March 2018 in International Journal of Aerospace Engineering
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Glass fibre-reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite laminates are used in many industries due to their excellent mechanical and thermal properties. However, these materials are prone to the initiation and propagation of delamination crack growth between different plies forming the laminate. The crack propagation may ultimately result in the failure of GFRP laminates as structural parts. In this research, a comprehensive mathematical model is presented to study the delamination crack growth in GFRP composite laminates under fatigue loading. A classical static damage model proposed by Allix and Ladevèze is modified as a fatigue damage model. Subsequently, the model is implemented in commercial finite element software via UMAT subroutine. The results obtained by the finite element simulations verify the experimental findings of Kenane and Benzeggagh for the fatigue crack growth in GFRP composite laminates.

ACS Style

Hassan Ijaz; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein; Aqeel Ahmad Taimoor; Abdullah Salmeen Bin Mahfouz. Fatigue Delamination Crack Growth in GFRP Composite Laminates: Mathematical Modelling and FE Simulation. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018, 2018, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Hassan Ijaz, Waqas Saleem, Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein, Aqeel Ahmad Taimoor, Abdullah Salmeen Bin Mahfouz. Fatigue Delamination Crack Growth in GFRP Composite Laminates: Mathematical Modelling and FE Simulation. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering. 2018; 2018 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hassan Ijaz; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein; Aqeel Ahmad Taimoor; Abdullah Salmeen Bin Mahfouz. 2018. "Fatigue Delamination Crack Growth in GFRP Composite Laminates: Mathematical Modelling and FE Simulation." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018, no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2017 in Materials
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Copper/diamond (Cu/D) composites are famous in thermal management applications for their high thermal conductivity values. They, however, offer some interface related problems like high thermal boundary resistance and excessive debonding. This paper investigates interfacial debonding in Cu/D composites subjected to steady-state and transient thermal cyclic loading. A micro-scale finite element (FE) model was developed from a SEM image of the Cu/20 vol % D composite sample. Several test cases were assumed with respect to the direction of heat flow and the boundary interactions between Cu/uncoated diamonds and Cu/Cr-coated diamonds. It was observed that the debonding behavior varied as a result of the differences in the coefficients of thermal expansions (CTEs) among Cu, diamond, and Cr. Moreover, the separation of interfaces had a direct influence upon the equivalent stress state of the Cu-matrix, since diamond particles only deformed elastically. It was revealed through a fully coupled thermo-mechanical FE analysis that repeated heating and cooling cycles resulted in an extremely high stress state within the Cu-matrix along the diamond interface. Since these stresses lead to interfacial debonding, their computation through numerical means may help in determining the service life of heat sinks for a given application beforehand.

ACS Style

Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein; Hassan Ijaz; Waqas Saleem; Kabeer Raza; Abdullah Salmeen Bin Mahfouz; Tarek Mabrouki. Finite Element Analysis of Interfacial Debonding in Copper/Diamond Composites for Thermal Management Applications. Materials 2017, 10, 739 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein, Hassan Ijaz, Waqas Saleem, Kabeer Raza, Abdullah Salmeen Bin Mahfouz, Tarek Mabrouki. Finite Element Analysis of Interfacial Debonding in Copper/Diamond Composites for Thermal Management Applications. Materials. 2017; 10 (7):739.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein; Hassan Ijaz; Waqas Saleem; Kabeer Raza; Abdullah Salmeen Bin Mahfouz; Tarek Mabrouki. 2017. "Finite Element Analysis of Interfacial Debonding in Copper/Diamond Composites for Thermal Management Applications." Materials 10, no. 7: 739.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2017 in Applied Sciences
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In dry turning operation, various parameters influence the cutting force and contribute in machining precision. Generally, the numerical cutting models are adopted to establish the optimum cutting parameters and results are substantiated with the experimental findings. In this paper, the optimal turning parameters of AA2024-T351 alloy are determined through Abaqus/Explicit numerical cutting simulations by employing the Johnson-Cook thermo-viscoplastic-damage material model. Turning simulations were verified with published experimental data. Considering the constrained and nonlinear optimization problem, the artificial neural networks (ANN) were executed for training, testing, and performance evaluation of the numerical simulations data. Two feedforward backpropagation neural networks were developed with ten hidden neutrons in each hidden layer. The Log-Sigmoid transfer function and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm were applied in the model. The ANN models were studied with four input parameters: the cutting speed (200, 400, and 800 m/min), tool rake angle (5°, 10°, 14.8°, and 17.5°), cutting feed (0.3 and 0.4 mm), and the contact friction coefficients (0.1 and 0.15).The two target parameters include the tool-chip interface temperature and the cutting reaction force. The performance of the trained data was evaluated using root-mean-square error and correlation coefficients. The ANN predicted values were compared both with the Abaqus simulations and the published experimental findings. All of the results are found in good approximation to each other. The performance of the ANN models demonstrated the fidelity of solving and predicting the optimum process parameters.

ACS Style

Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein; Hassan Ijaz; Abdullah Salmeen Bin Mahfouz; Anas Ahmed; Muhammad Asad; Tarek Mabrouki. Computational Analysis and Artificial Neural Network Optimization of Dry Turning Parameters—AA2024-T351. Applied Sciences 2017, 7, 642 .

AMA Style

Waqas Saleem, Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein, Hassan Ijaz, Abdullah Salmeen Bin Mahfouz, Anas Ahmed, Muhammad Asad, Tarek Mabrouki. Computational Analysis and Artificial Neural Network Optimization of Dry Turning Parameters—AA2024-T351. Applied Sciences. 2017; 7 (6):642.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein; Hassan Ijaz; Abdullah Salmeen Bin Mahfouz; Anas Ahmed; Muhammad Asad; Tarek Mabrouki. 2017. "Computational Analysis and Artificial Neural Network Optimization of Dry Turning Parameters—AA2024-T351." Applied Sciences 7, no. 6: 642.

Research article
Published: 11 June 2017 in Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
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The purpose of this article is to present a simplified methodology for analysis of sandwich structures using the homogenization method. This methodology is based upon the strain energy criterion. Normally, sandwich structures are composed of hexagonal core and face sheets and a complete and complex hexagonal core is modeled for finite element (FE) structural analysis. In the present work, the hexagonal core is replaced by a simple equivalent volume for FE analysis. The properties of an equivalent volume were calculated by taking a single representative cell for the entire core structure and the analysis was performed to determine the effective elastic orthotropic modulus of the equivalent volume. Since each elemental cell of the hexagonal core repeats itself within the in-plane direction, periodic boundary conditions were applied to the single cell to obtain the more realistic values of effective modulus. A sandwich beam was then modeled using determined effective properties. 3D FE analysis of Three- and Four-Point Bend Tests (3PBT and 4PBT) for sandwich structures having an equivalent polypropylene honeycomb core and Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) composite face sheets are performed in the present study. The authenticity of the proposed methodology has been verified by comparing the simulation results with the experimental bend test results on hexagonal core sandwich beams.

ACS Style

Hassan Ijaz; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein; Tarek Mabrouki; Saeed Rubaiee; Abdullah Salmeen Bin Mahfouz. Finite Element Analysis of Bend Test of Sandwich Structures Using Strain Energy Based Homogenization Method. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017, 2017, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Hassan Ijaz, Waqas Saleem, Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein, Tarek Mabrouki, Saeed Rubaiee, Abdullah Salmeen Bin Mahfouz. Finite Element Analysis of Bend Test of Sandwich Structures Using Strain Energy Based Homogenization Method. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 2017 ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hassan Ijaz; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein; Tarek Mabrouki; Saeed Rubaiee; Abdullah Salmeen Bin Mahfouz. 2017. "Finite Element Analysis of Bend Test of Sandwich Structures Using Strain Energy Based Homogenization Method." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2017, no. : 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 10 January 2017 in International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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ACS Style

Waqas Saleem; Hassan Ijaz; Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein; Aqeel Ahmed Taimoor; Yunqiao Wang. Studying control strategies for dimensional precision in aerospace parts machining. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 2017, 18, 39 -47.

AMA Style

Waqas Saleem, Hassan Ijaz, Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein, Aqeel Ahmed Taimoor, Yunqiao Wang. Studying control strategies for dimensional precision in aerospace parts machining. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing. 2017; 18 (1):39-47.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Waqas Saleem; Hassan Ijaz; Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein; Aqeel Ahmed Taimoor; Yunqiao Wang. 2017. "Studying control strategies for dimensional precision in aerospace parts machining." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 18, no. 1: 39-47.

Journal article
Published: 14 July 2016 in International Journal of Materials Research
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This work presents a computational method for the identification of the thermal conductivity of a powdered composite. The thermo-physical properties of powdered composites depend not only upon the intrinsic material properties of the filler and the matrix, but also upon several other parameters including the packing density, the particle shape factor and the particle size. In this paper, a genetic algorithm-based model is proposed for the identification of the effective thermal conductivity of a Bakelite–graphite powdered composite. A comparative analysis is also developed between the genetic algorithm and the experimental, theoretical and finite element results. In comparison with the experimental observations, the genetic algorithm model was found to have error values of approximately 5 %, whereas the errors resulting from the theoretical models were up to 12 %.

ACS Style

Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein; Waqas Saleem; Hassan Ijaz; Aqeel A. Taimoor. Identification of the effective thermal conductivity of a powdered composite using a genetic algorithm. International Journal of Materials Research 2016, 107, 668 -675.

AMA Style

Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein, Waqas Saleem, Hassan Ijaz, Aqeel A. Taimoor. Identification of the effective thermal conductivity of a powdered composite using a genetic algorithm. International Journal of Materials Research. 2016; 107 (7):668-675.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein; Waqas Saleem; Hassan Ijaz; Aqeel A. Taimoor. 2016. "Identification of the effective thermal conductivity of a powdered composite using a genetic algorithm." International Journal of Materials Research 107, no. 7: 668-675.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2016 in Energy
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Dwindling fossil fuel reserves require the efficient usage until sustainable alternatives fully replace them. Overall efficiency and output is used to rank the stationary combined cycle gas turbines. Efficient gas turbines require high combustion chamber temperature resulting in NOx generation. Furthermore, low-quality fuel increases the fraction of acidic gases in the exhaust. In this work a novel modification in combined cycle gas turbine cycle is presented, increasing the overall efficiency and decreasing acidic gases production along their capture, before rejection to stack. The modification is implemented on simulated General Electric 9HA.02 turbine using ASPEN HYSYS® v8.6. Applying efficiency and exhaust temperature limit (constraints), bounds the discrepancies in simulated and real gas turbine parameters. A rise of 0.77% in efficiency and a considerable decrease in acidic gases (exhaust) is observed. Different gas turbine operational features pertinent to overall efficiency have been studied. An unprecedented control technique is presented as an addition to the proposed modification to achieve higher efficiencies under part load conditions.

ACS Style

Aqeel Ahmad Taimoor; Ayyaz Muhammad; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein. Humidified exhaust recirculation for efficient combined cycle gas turbines. Energy 2016, 106, 356 -366.

AMA Style

Aqeel Ahmad Taimoor, Ayyaz Muhammad, Waqas Saleem, Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein. Humidified exhaust recirculation for efficient combined cycle gas turbines. Energy. 2016; 106 ():356-366.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aqeel Ahmad Taimoor; Ayyaz Muhammad; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Zain-Ul-Abdein. 2016. "Humidified exhaust recirculation for efficient combined cycle gas turbines." Energy 106, no. : 356-366.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2014 in Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering
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Structural topology optimization (STO) has emerged a thriving technique to determine the optimal concept design of mechanically loaded structures. Optimized configuration can be evolved by meeting the objective of optimal material distribution in allocated design domains under strength and stiffness constraints. In this paper, STO technique is emphasized by addressing its imperative material interpolation schemes and a general mathematical formulation for maximizing the structural stiffness under static loading. Potential application of this technique is explored by developing weight optimized configuration of an operative unarmed aerial vehicle wing ribs. Analytical study is carried out to evaluate the performance of different sections of optimized configuration. Weight to strength factor of each section is estimated by determining its shape and inertia factors. Finite element analysis and analytical outcomes of optimized configuration validate its enhanced performance as compared to operative ribs.

ACS Style

Waqas Saleem; Hassan Ejaz; Muhammad Aurangzeb Khan; Muhammad Asad. Weight to Strength Analysis of Topological Optimized UAV Ribs. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2014, 39, 5035 -5043.

AMA Style

Waqas Saleem, Hassan Ejaz, Muhammad Aurangzeb Khan, Muhammad Asad. Weight to Strength Analysis of Topological Optimized UAV Ribs. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2014; 39 (6):5035-5043.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Waqas Saleem; Hassan Ejaz; Muhammad Aurangzeb Khan; Muhammad Asad. 2014. "Weight to Strength Analysis of Topological Optimized UAV Ribs." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 39, no. 6: 5035-5043.

Research article
Published: 01 October 2013 in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture
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This article presents the development of two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element–based turning models, for better prediction of chip morphology and machined surface topology. Capabilities of a commercial finite element code Abaqus®/Explicit have been exploited to perform coupled temperature–displacement simulations of an aerospace grade aluminum alloy A2024-T351 machining. The findings show that two-dimensional cutting models predict chip morphologies and machined surface textures on a plane section (with unit thickness) passing through the center of workpiece width, and not at the edges. The contribution highlights the importance of three-dimensional machining models for a close corroboration of experimental and numerical results. Three-dimensional cutting simulations show that a small percentage of material volume flows toward workpiece edges (out of plane deformation), augmenting the contact pressures at the edges of tool rake face–workpiece interface. This enhances the burr formation process. Computational results concerning chip morphologies and cutting forces were found in good correlation with experimental ones. In the final part of the article, numerical simulation results with a modified version of a particular turning tool have been discussed. It has been found that the proposed geometry of the tool is helpful in reducing burr formation as well as cutting force amplitude during initial contact of cutting tool with the workpiece material.

ACS Style

Muhammad Asad; Hassan Ijaz; Muhammad A Khan; Tarek Mabrouki; Waqas Saleem. Turning modeling and simulation of an aerospace grade aluminum alloy using two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element method. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 2013, 228, 367 -375.

AMA Style

Muhammad Asad, Hassan Ijaz, Muhammad A Khan, Tarek Mabrouki, Waqas Saleem. Turning modeling and simulation of an aerospace grade aluminum alloy using two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element method. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture. 2013; 228 (3):367-375.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Asad; Hassan Ijaz; Muhammad A Khan; Tarek Mabrouki; Waqas Saleem. 2013. "Turning modeling and simulation of an aerospace grade aluminum alloy using two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element method." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 228, no. 3: 367-375.