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Dr. Anacleto Rizzo
IRIDRA Srl

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0 sustainable water management
0 ecosystem service
0 Nature Based Solutions
0 Constructed wetland
0 SuDS design

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Journal article
Published: 06 August 2021 in Water
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Water in the city is typically exploited in a linear process, in which most of it is polluted, treated, and discharged; during this process, valuable nutrients are lost in the treatment process instead of being cycled back and used in urban agriculture or green space. The purpose of this paper is to advance a new paradigm to close water cycles in cities via the implementation of nature-based solutions units (NBS_u), with a particular focus on building greening elements, such as green roofs (GRs) and vertical greening systems (VGS). The hypothesis is that such “circular systems” can provide substantial ecosystem services and minimize environmental degradation. Our method is twofold: we first examine these systems from a life-cycle point of view, assessing not only the inputs of conventional and alternative materials, but the ongoing input of water that is required for irrigation. Secondly, the evapotranspiration performance of VGS in Copenhagen, Berlin, Lisbon, Rome, Istanbul, and Tel Aviv, cities with different climatic, architectural, and sociocultural contexts have been simulated using a verticalized ET0 approach, assessing rainwater runoff and greywater as irrigation resources. The water cycling performance of VGS in the mentioned cities would be sufficient at recycling 44% (Lisbon) to 100% (Berlin, Istanbul) of all accruing rainwater roof–runoff, if water shortages in dry months are bridged by greywater. Then, 27–53% of the greywater accruing in a building could be managed on its greened surface. In conclusion, we address the gaps in the current knowledge and policies identified in the different stages of analyses, such as the lack of comprehensive life cycle assessment studies that quantify the complete “water footprint” of building greening systems.

ACS Style

David Pearlmutter; Bernhard Pucher; Cristina S. C. Calheiros; Karin A. Hoffmann; Andreas Aicher; Pedro Pinho; Alessandro Stracqualursi; Alisa Korolova; Alma Pobric; Ana Galvão; Ayça Tokuç; Bilge Bas; Dimitra Theochari; Dragan Milosevic; Emanuela Giancola; Gaetano Bertino; Joana A. C. Castellar; Julia Flaszynska; Makbulenur Onur; Mari Carmen Garcia Mateo; Maria Beatrice Andreucci; Maria Milousi; Mariana Fonseca; Sara Di Lonardo; Veronika Gezik; Ulrike Pitha; Thomas Nehls. Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs. Water 2021, 13, 2165 .

AMA Style

David Pearlmutter, Bernhard Pucher, Cristina S. C. Calheiros, Karin A. Hoffmann, Andreas Aicher, Pedro Pinho, Alessandro Stracqualursi, Alisa Korolova, Alma Pobric, Ana Galvão, Ayça Tokuç, Bilge Bas, Dimitra Theochari, Dragan Milosevic, Emanuela Giancola, Gaetano Bertino, Joana A. C. Castellar, Julia Flaszynska, Makbulenur Onur, Mari Carmen Garcia Mateo, Maria Beatrice Andreucci, Maria Milousi, Mariana Fonseca, Sara Di Lonardo, Veronika Gezik, Ulrike Pitha, Thomas Nehls. Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs. Water. 2021; 13 (16):2165.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Pearlmutter; Bernhard Pucher; Cristina S. C. Calheiros; Karin A. Hoffmann; Andreas Aicher; Pedro Pinho; Alessandro Stracqualursi; Alisa Korolova; Alma Pobric; Ana Galvão; Ayça Tokuç; Bilge Bas; Dimitra Theochari; Dragan Milosevic; Emanuela Giancola; Gaetano Bertino; Joana A. C. Castellar; Julia Flaszynska; Makbulenur Onur; Mari Carmen Garcia Mateo; Maria Beatrice Andreucci; Maria Milousi; Mariana Fonseca; Sara Di Lonardo; Veronika Gezik; Ulrike Pitha; Thomas Nehls. 2021. "Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs." Water 13, no. 16: 2165.

Journal article
Published: 28 April 2021 in Water
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Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key variable in the hydrological cycle and it directly impacts the surface balance and its accurate assessment is essential for a correct water management. ET is difficult to measure, since the existing methods for its direct estimate, such as the weighing lysimeter or the eddy-covariance system, are often expensive and require well-trained research personnel. To overcome this limit, different authors developed experimental models for indirect estimation of ET. However, since the accuracy of ET prediction is crucial from different points of view, the continuous search for more and more precise modeling approaches is encouraged. In light of this, the aim of the present work is to test the efficiency in predicting ET fluxes in a newly introduced physical-based model, named Prospero, which is based on the ability to compute the ET using a multi-layer canopy model, solving the energy balance both for the sunlight and shadow vegetation, extending the recently developed Schymanski and Or method to canopy level. Additionally, Prospero is able to compute the actual ET using a Jarvis-like model. The model is integrated as a component in the hydrological modelling system GEOframe. Its estimates were validated against observed data from five Eddy covariance (EC) sites with different climatic conditions and the same vegetation cover. Then, its performances were compared with those of two already consolidated models, the Priestley–Taylor model and Penman FAO model, using four goodness-of-fit indices. Subsequently a calibration of the three methods has been carried out using LUCA calibration within GEOframe, with the purpose of prediction errors. The results showed that Prospero is more accurate and precise with respect to the other two models, even if no calibrations were performed, with better performances in dry climatic conditions. In addition, Prospero model turned to be the least affected by the calibration procedure and, therefore, it can be effectively also used in a context of data scarcity.

ACS Style

Michele Bottazzi; Marialaura Bancheri; Mirka Mobilia; Giacomo Bertoldi; Antonia Longobardi; Riccardo Rigon. Comparing Evapotranspiration Estimates from the GEOframe-Prospero Model with Penman–Monteith and Priestley-Taylor Approaches under Different Climate Conditions. Water 2021, 13, 1221 .

AMA Style

Michele Bottazzi, Marialaura Bancheri, Mirka Mobilia, Giacomo Bertoldi, Antonia Longobardi, Riccardo Rigon. Comparing Evapotranspiration Estimates from the GEOframe-Prospero Model with Penman–Monteith and Priestley-Taylor Approaches under Different Climate Conditions. Water. 2021; 13 (9):1221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michele Bottazzi; Marialaura Bancheri; Mirka Mobilia; Giacomo Bertoldi; Antonia Longobardi; Riccardo Rigon. 2021. "Comparing Evapotranspiration Estimates from the GEOframe-Prospero Model with Penman–Monteith and Priestley-Taylor Approaches under Different Climate Conditions." Water 13, no. 9: 1221.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2021 in ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
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Evapotranspiration is the major component of the water cycle, so a correct estimate of this variable is fundamental. The purpose of the present research is to assess the monthly scale accuracy of six meteorological data-based models in the prediction of evapotranspiration (ET) losses by comparing the modelled fluxes with the observed ones from eight sites equipped with eddy covariance stations which differ in terms of vegetation and climate type. Three potential ET methods (Penman-Monteith, Priestley-Taylor, and Blaney-Criddle models) and three actual ET models (the Advection-Aridity, the Granger and Gray, and the Antecedent Precipitation Index method) have been proposed. The findings show that the models performances differ from site to site and they depend on the vegetation and climate characteristics. Indeed, they show a wide range of error values ranging from 0.18 to 2.78. It has been not possible to identify a single model able to outperform the others in each biome, but in general, the Advection-Aridity approach seems to be the most accurate, especially when the model calibration in not carried out. It returns very low error values close to 0.38. When the calibration procedure is performed, the most accurate model is the Granger and Gray approach with minimum error of 0.13 but, at the same time, it is the most impacted by this process, and therefore, in a context of data scarcity, it results the less recommended for ET prediction. The performances of the investigated ET approaches have been furthermore tested in case of lack of measured data of soil heat fluxes and net radiation considering using empirical relationships based on meteorological data to derive these variables. Results show that, the use of empirical formulas to derive ET estimates increases the errors up to 200% with the consequent loss of model accuracy.

ACS Style

Mirka Mobilia; Antonia Longobardi. Prediction of Potential and Actual Evapotranspiration Fluxes Using Six Meteorological Data-Based Approaches for a Range of Climate and Land Cover Types. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2021, 10, 192 .

AMA Style

Mirka Mobilia, Antonia Longobardi. Prediction of Potential and Actual Evapotranspiration Fluxes Using Six Meteorological Data-Based Approaches for a Range of Climate and Land Cover Types. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2021; 10 (3):192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mirka Mobilia; Antonia Longobardi. 2021. "Prediction of Potential and Actual Evapotranspiration Fluxes Using Six Meteorological Data-Based Approaches for a Range of Climate and Land Cover Types." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 3: 192.

Preprint content
Published: 08 February 2021
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Drought is a sustained period of below‐normal water availability. It is a recurring and worldwide phenomenon, but the Mediterranean basin is seen as a very vulnerable environment in this perspective and understanding historical drought conditions in this area is necessary to plan mitigation strategies to further face future climate change impacts. The reported research was aimed at the description of drought conditions and evolution for the Campania region (Southern Italy), assessed by the analysis of an in-situ measurement database which covers a centennial period from 1918–2019. SPI time series were reconstructed for different accumulation time scales (from 3 to 48 months) and the Modified Man Kendall and Sen's test were applied to identify SPI changes over time. SPI time series were mostly affected by a negative trend, significant for a very large area of the region, particularly evident for the accumulation scales larger than 12 months. Mean drought duration (MDD), severity (MDS) and peak (MDP) were furthermore investigated for both moderate (SPI ≤ −1) and extremely severe conditions (SPI ≤ −2). The accumulation scale affected the drought features, with longer duration and larger severity associated to the larger accumulation scales. Drought characteristics spatial patterns were not congruent for the different SPI time scales: if duration and severity were larger in the southern areas, peaks appeared mostly severe in the northern areas of the region. Extremely severe events were featured by lower durations and larger severity compared to the moderate drought events but were very less frequent (over 75 % less then) and did not appeared to be focused on specific areas of the region.

ACS Style

Antonia Longobardi; Ouafik Boulariah; Paolo Villani. Assessment of centennial (1918–2019) drought features in the Campania region by historical in situ measurements. 2021, 2021, 1 -23.

AMA Style

Antonia Longobardi, Ouafik Boulariah, Paolo Villani. Assessment of centennial (1918–2019) drought features in the Campania region by historical in situ measurements. . 2021; 2021 ():1-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonia Longobardi; Ouafik Boulariah; Paolo Villani. 2021. "Assessment of centennial (1918–2019) drought features in the Campania region by historical in situ measurements." 2021, no. : 1-23.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Constructed wetlands (CWs) are nature-based solutions (NBS) for water pollution control that can also be designed to be multipurpose in terms of additional ecosystem services (ESs), such as biodiversity support and social benefits. Awareness about additional ESs of CWs can be raised with value transfer (VT) methods for ESs monetization, in particular, the simplified adjusted unit VT method. A multi-criteria analysis (MCA) was performed to compare grey and green infrastructure alternatives for the management of a combined sewer overflow in the Buccinasco town (Italy), in which the criteria related to ESs were monetized with an adjusted VT method (B£ST software). The results highlighted the potential interest in the implementation of the green infrastructure in a new urban park, due to the activation of additional ESs of interest, such as health and recreational aspects. The results were also confirmed by a sensitivity analysis, which simulated the variation of preferences among different stakeholder groups (e.g., citizens, environmentalists). In conclusion, this work provided a transparent methodology to support decisions regarding green and grey infrastructure, allowing to evaluate additional ESs from the beginning of the decision stage with low cost and efforts.

ACS Style

Anacleto Rizzo; Giulio Conte; Fabio Masi. Adjusted Unit Value Transfer as a Tool for Raising Awareness on Ecosystem Services Provided by Constructed Wetlands for Water Pollution Control: An Italian Case Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1531 .

AMA Style

Anacleto Rizzo, Giulio Conte, Fabio Masi. Adjusted Unit Value Transfer as a Tool for Raising Awareness on Ecosystem Services Provided by Constructed Wetlands for Water Pollution Control: An Italian Case Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (4):1531.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anacleto Rizzo; Giulio Conte; Fabio Masi. 2021. "Adjusted Unit Value Transfer as a Tool for Raising Awareness on Ecosystem Services Provided by Constructed Wetlands for Water Pollution Control: An Italian Case Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4: 1531.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies
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Data from 28 streamflow gauging stations located in the Campania Region, Southern Italy, were analysed. The study was aimed at recommend regional methodologies for environmental flow (EF) and EF variability estimation for a climatological environment particularly affected by strong climate variability. Starting from an at-site statistical analysis of discharge data, a preliminary step where the quantification of EF average value, μ(Q95), and inter-annual variability, CV(Q95), was illustrated. A regional regression approach was then presented for the prediction of μ(Q95) and CV(Q95). A step wise procedure highlighted the dominant hydrological variables and catchment attributes for EF prediction. Catchment area and mean annual daily discharge μ(Q) appeared strongly related to μ(Q95) whereas CV(Q95) was found to be dependent on the baseflow index and on precipitation variability. Regional predictions were evaluated on the base of the correlation coefficient and absolute average percentage errors. Prediction errors amounted to about 30 % and 17 % respectively in the case of μ(Q95) and CV(Q95). In the end, an implication for a fully regional approach, simply based on catchment attributes, also embedding the impact of hydrological variables, was presented. It showed clearly different performance capacity compared to the prediction based on the observed hydrological variables but not significantly lower.

ACS Style

A. Longobardi; P. Villani. From at-site to regional assessment of environmental flows and environmental flows variability in a Mediterranean environment. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 2020, 32, 100764 .

AMA Style

A. Longobardi, P. Villani. From at-site to regional assessment of environmental flows and environmental flows variability in a Mediterranean environment. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies. 2020; 32 ():100764.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Longobardi; P. Villani. 2020. "From at-site to regional assessment of environmental flows and environmental flows variability in a Mediterranean environment." Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 32, no. : 100764.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Sustainability
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Cities face unprecedented demographic, environmental, economic, social, and spatial challenges. In recent years, the implementation of nature-based solutions (NBS) is becoming more relevant in cities to improve urban resilience and to cope with climate change. NBS represent cost effective solutions that simultaneously provide environmental, social, and economic benefits and help build resilience. A comprehensive and multi-dimension Resilience Assessment Framework (RAF) to evaluate the NBS contribution to urban resilience, focused on NBS for stormwater management and control, was developed. This RAF is aligned with the RESCCUE RAF and the main assessment frameworks focused on NBS and urban resilience. This RAF for NBS is driven by the definition of resilience objectives and is able to evaluate short- and long-term changes, considering a comprehensive definition of the urban resilience and addressing the environmental, social, and economic capabilities. Regarding the initial resilience maturity and the available information in the city, three analysis degrees were proposed for the RAF application, namely, the essential, complementary, and comprehensive degrees, for which a pre‑defined selection of metrics is proposed. This paper aims to present the application of the RAF essential analysis degree and its extensive validation regarding cities with different resilience maturity and available information. The application to seven cities with different resilience and NBS challenges allowed an in-depth validation of the pre‑defined metrics included in the RAF essential analysis. In this sense, the analysis of the resilience maturity of the participating cities is presented, the main challenges and consolidated aspects in the cities are identified, and the cities ready to apply the complementary analysis degree are recognized. To conclude, to validate the essential analysis degree, the assessment of the main requirements of the RAF for NBS are verified, based on the RAF metrics results for the cities. In this light, the main requirements of the RAF for NBS were aggregated in three main categories, namely, NBS aspects, resilience capabilities, and the performance, risk and cost analysis.

ACS Style

Paula Beceiro; Ana Galvão; Rita Brito. Resilience Assessment Framework for Nature Based Solutions in Stormwater Management and Control: Application to Cities with Different Resilience Maturity. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10040 .

AMA Style

Paula Beceiro, Ana Galvão, Rita Brito. Resilience Assessment Framework for Nature Based Solutions in Stormwater Management and Control: Application to Cities with Different Resilience Maturity. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10040.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paula Beceiro; Ana Galvão; Rita Brito. 2020. "Resilience Assessment Framework for Nature Based Solutions in Stormwater Management and Control: Application to Cities with Different Resilience Maturity." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10040.

Conference paper
Published: 03 October 2020 in Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV
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Evapotranspiration is a key process within the hydrological cycle, so it requires an accurate assessment. This work aims at assessing monthly scale performances of six meteorological data-based methods to predict evapotranspiration by comparing model estimates with observations from six flux tower sites differing for land cover and climate. Three of the proposed methodologies use a potential evapotranspiration approach (Penman, Priestley-Taylor and Blaney-Criddle models) while the additional three an actual evapotranspiration approach (the Advection-Aridity, the Granger and Gray and the Antecedent Precipation Index method). The results show that models efficiency varies from site to site, even though land cover and climate features appear to have some influence. It is difficult to comment on a general accuracy, but an overall moderate better performance of the Advection-Aridity model can be reported within a context where model calibration is not accounted for. If model calibration is further taken into consideration, the Granger and Gray model appears the best performing method but, at the same time, it is also the approach which is mostly affected by the calibration process, and therefore less suited to evapotranspiration prediction tools dealing with a data scarcity context.

ACS Style

Mirka Mobilia; Antonia Longobardi. Evaluation of Meteorological Data-Based Models for Potential and Actual Evapotranspiration Losses Using Flux Measurements. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 2020, 12253, 3 -18.

AMA Style

Mirka Mobilia, Antonia Longobardi. Evaluation of Meteorological Data-Based Models for Potential and Actual Evapotranspiration Losses Using Flux Measurements. Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV. 2020; 12253 ():3-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mirka Mobilia; Antonia Longobardi. 2020. "Evaluation of Meteorological Data-Based Models for Potential and Actual Evapotranspiration Losses Using Flux Measurements." Transactions on Petri Nets and Other Models of Concurrency XV 12253, no. : 3-18.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2020 in Hydrology
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This study aims at illustrating a methodology for predicting monthly scale actual evapotranspiration losses only based on meteorological data, which mimics the evapotranspiration intra-annual dynamic. For this purpose, micrometeorological data at the Rollesbroich and Bondone mountain sites, which are energy-limited systems, and the Sister site, a water-limited system, have been analyzed. Based on an observed intra-annual transition between dry and wet states governed by a threshold value of net radiation at each site, an approach that couples meteorological data-based potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration relationships has been proposed and validated against eddy covariance measurements, and further compared to two well-known actual evapotranspiration prediction models, namely the advection-aridity and the antecedent precipitation index models. The threshold approach improves the intra-annual actual evapotranspiration variability prediction, particularly during the wet state periods, and especially concerning the Sister site, where errors are almost four times smaller compared to the basic models. To further improve the prediction within the dry state periods, a calibration of the Priestley-Taylor advection coefficient was necessary. This led to an error reduction of about 80% in the case of the Sister site, of about 30% in the case of Rollesbroich, and close to 60% in the case of Bondone Mountain. For cases with a lack of measured data of net radiation and soil heat fluxes, which are essential for the implementation of the models, an application derived from empirical relationships is discussed. In addition, the study assessed whether this variation from meteorological data worsened the prediction performances of the models.

ACS Style

Mirka Mobilia; Marius Schmidt; Antonia Longobardi. Modelling Actual Evapotranspiration Seasonal Variability by Meteorological Data-Based Models. Hydrology 2020, 7, 50 .

AMA Style

Mirka Mobilia, Marius Schmidt, Antonia Longobardi. Modelling Actual Evapotranspiration Seasonal Variability by Meteorological Data-Based Models. Hydrology. 2020; 7 (3):50.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mirka Mobilia; Marius Schmidt; Antonia Longobardi. 2020. "Modelling Actual Evapotranspiration Seasonal Variability by Meteorological Data-Based Models." Hydrology 7, no. 3: 50.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2020 in Applied Sciences
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In this paper, we studied the geo-hydrological structure and behavior of a reference catchment, located in the Cilento UNESCO Global Geopark, southern Italy, representative of the hilly, terrigenous and forested headwaters of the Mediterranean eco-region. Based on detailed hydrogeological and hydro-geomorphological surveys and geomorphometric analysis, starting in 2012, a hydro-chemical monitoring activity at the catchment and sub-catchment scale started, and a hydro-chemical dataset was progressively recorded at daily and sub-hourly time steps. Based on this dataset, the authors performed an original procedure to identify different runoff components, derived by applying cascade mass balance filtering. The integration of hydrological and geomorphological approaches allowed us to obtain an interesting conceptualization of the storm flow generation using hydro-chemical signatures related to different runoff components produced during the increasing–decreasing cycle of the flood event magnitude. The hydro-system activated progressively different runoff sources (i.e., groundwater, riparian corridor, hillslope and hollow) and involved various mechanisms (i.e., groundwater ridging, saturation-excess, infiltration-excess and soil pipe exfiltration). The geo-hydrological conceptualization was validated using a hysteresis Q-EC loop analysis performed on selected events that showed how hysteretic indices could be used to characterize the events in respect to their origins, mechanisms and pathways in similar catchments.

ACS Style

Domenico Guida; Albina Cuomo; Antonia Longobardi; Paolo Villani. Geohydrology of a Reference Mediterranean Catchment (Cilento UNESCO Geopark, Southern Italy). Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 4117 .

AMA Style

Domenico Guida, Albina Cuomo, Antonia Longobardi, Paolo Villani. Geohydrology of a Reference Mediterranean Catchment (Cilento UNESCO Geopark, Southern Italy). Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (12):4117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Domenico Guida; Albina Cuomo; Antonia Longobardi; Paolo Villani. 2020. "Geohydrology of a Reference Mediterranean Catchment (Cilento UNESCO Geopark, Southern Italy)." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12: 4117.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Atmosphere
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In time, several models with different complexity have been proposed to predict the retention performances of a green roof. In the current study three conceptual models of increasing complexity in descriptive details, are calibrated and compared to experimental data. The proposed approaches consist of daily scale hydrological models, based on water balance equations, where the main processes and variables accounted for are the precipitation input, the evapotranspiration losses, and the maximum water storage capacity. Model detail increase is achieved moving from an approach using potential evapotranspiration and constant storage threshold to an approach using actual evapotranspiration and a variable storage threshold. The main findings confirm on one side the role played by evapotranspiration modeling and, on the other side, the good accuracy achieved, in a minimal calibration requirement approach, through the modeling of basic and elemental processes.

ACS Style

Mirka Mobilia; Antonia Longobardi. Model Details, Parametrization, and Accuracy in Daily Scale Green Roof Hydrological Conceptual Simulation. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 575 .

AMA Style

Mirka Mobilia, Antonia Longobardi. Model Details, Parametrization, and Accuracy in Daily Scale Green Roof Hydrological Conceptual Simulation. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (6):575.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mirka Mobilia; Antonia Longobardi. 2020. "Model Details, Parametrization, and Accuracy in Daily Scale Green Roof Hydrological Conceptual Simulation." Atmosphere 11, no. 6: 575.

Research article
Published: 06 May 2020 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Microplastics are widely recognized as a category of emergent pollutants that can cause complex ecotoxicological effects. Synthetic fibers released during the washing of textiles are a relevant source of microplastics, which reach aquatic ecosystems from sewer discharges, even when there is retention in wastewater treatment plants. In this paper, we determined microfiber emissions from washing of textiles in a domestic environment, by collecting wastewater from washings of a mix of clothing from a household of 4 people. It is the first time the characterization of microplastic emission from textiles washing is performed in real household conditions. Results estimated an average emission rate of 18,000,000 synthetic microfibers for a reference load of 6 kg of synthetic fibers. Only 7% of the synthetic fibers found were larger than 500 μm in length, 40% were between 100 and 500 μm, and 53% were between 50 and 100 μm.

ACS Style

Ana Galvão; Margarida Aleixo; Hilda De Pablo; Clara Lopes; Joana Raimundo. Microplastics in wastewater: microfiber emissions from common household laundry. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2020, 27, 26643 -26649.

AMA Style

Ana Galvão, Margarida Aleixo, Hilda De Pablo, Clara Lopes, Joana Raimundo. Microplastics in wastewater: microfiber emissions from common household laundry. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020; 27 (21):26643-26649.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Galvão; Margarida Aleixo; Hilda De Pablo; Clara Lopes; Joana Raimundo. 2020. "Microplastics in wastewater: microfiber emissions from common household laundry." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 21: 26643-26649.

Journal article
Published: 24 March 2020 in Sustainability
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Urban waters represent a crucial component for the enhancement of urban resilience due to their importance in cities. Nature-based solutions (NBS) have emerged as sustainable solutions to contribute to urban resilience in order to meet the challenges of climate change. In order to promote the use of NBS for increasing urban resilience, tools that demonstrate the value of this type of solutions over the long-term are required. A performance assessment system provides an adequate basis for demonstrating this value, as well as for diagnosing the current city situation, selecting and monitoring the implementation of solutions. Regarding NBS management, some assessment approaches have been published, focusing on assessing the effectiveness of NBS in the face of climate change and supporting their design and impact assessment. Nevertheless, an integrated approach to assess the NBS contribution for urban resilience has not been published. This paper presents a comprehensive resilience assessment framework (RAF) to evaluate the NBS contribution for urban resilience, focused on solutions for stormwater management and control. Furthermore, details on stakeholders’ validation, with focus on the metrics’ relevance and applicability to cities, is also presented.

ACS Style

Paula Beceiro; Rita Salgado Brito; Ana Galvão. The Contribution of NBS to Urban Resilience in Stormwater Management and Control: A Framework with Stakeholder Validation. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2537 .

AMA Style

Paula Beceiro, Rita Salgado Brito, Ana Galvão. The Contribution of NBS to Urban Resilience in Stormwater Management and Control: A Framework with Stakeholder Validation. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2537.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paula Beceiro; Rita Salgado Brito; Ana Galvão. 2020. "The Contribution of NBS to Urban Resilience in Stormwater Management and Control: A Framework with Stakeholder Validation." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2537.

Preprint content
Published: 23 March 2020
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Recently, particularly invasive urbanization dynamics, resulted into a substantial increase in the urban impervious surface that forced the administrations to deal more frequently with the inability of the traditional drainage systems to manage stormwater in a sustainable and effective manner. Worldwide, integrated approaches, such as Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS), whose basic principle is the management of rainwater at source through the implementation of prevention, mitigation and treatment strategies, are increasingly being developed.

The project aims to assess the benefits, in terms of reduction of floods, deriving from the widespread implementation of SuDS in an industrial area of about 300 ha in northern Italy and to analyse their behaviour under local climatic conditions. For this purpose, in absence of rain gauges in the case study area, analyses were carried out to obtain reliable and continuous rainfall data from all weather stations closest to the basin. Therefore, 10 years of rainfall data (2009-2018), recorded at 15 minutes timesteps from 10 station, have been acquired by the Regional Agency for Environmental Protection of the Lombardia Region and Inverse Distance Weighting has been used as a methodology of interpolation to obtain precipitation for the area of interest.

Critical precipitation scenarios, both annual and event scale, have been identified to evaluate the performance of SuDS during significant rainfall periods or events. For this reason, it was considered appropriate to extract from the complete dataset the year characterized by the maximum precipitation amount (1515.57 mm), the rain events with the maximum intensity in an hour (5.23 mm/h), with the maximum overall intensity (7.36 mm/h) and with the highest return period (5 years with a 6.87 mm/h intensity).

SWMM5 modelling allowed to compare the performance of the sewer system of the basin (overall 1148 nodes, 1141 pipelines for a total of 36 km of network) in a “traditional” scenario, without integrated strategies, and after the implementation of  green infrastructures (about 10% surface area and located in the basin in accordance with the current structure of the urban agglomeration).

The results, assessed in terms of reduction of different parameters such as runoff coefficient (on average 12% for the year and 39% for the event analysis), maximum flow in the pipelines (on average 3% and 31% respectively), maximum total inflow in the outfalls (on average 7% and 40% respectively) and node flooded (on average 23% and 57% respectively) following the implementation of SuDS, suggest in the first instance that these systems can give their contribution in the mitigation of the effects of flooding in urban areas. Indeed, analyses aimed at investigating punctually over time flow and volume in the outfalls conducted so far, brought about no extremely positive results and the performance of SuDS seems to be particularly challenged by severity of rainfall events.  As future aspects, this research strives to assess the performance of sustainable drainage systems under common rainfall scenarios and to establish, through an analysis of the climate change effects and the creation of rainfall data projections, the performance of these systems also over time.

ACS Style

Roberta D'ambrosio; Britta Schmalz; Antonia Longobardi. Assessing the performance of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) in urban context using SWMM5 modelling scenarios: the example of a typical industrial area in Lombardia Region, northern Italy. 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Roberta D'ambrosio, Britta Schmalz, Antonia Longobardi. Assessing the performance of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) in urban context using SWMM5 modelling scenarios: the example of a typical industrial area in Lombardia Region, northern Italy. . 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberta D'ambrosio; Britta Schmalz; Antonia Longobardi. 2020. "Assessing the performance of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) in urban context using SWMM5 modelling scenarios: the example of a typical industrial area in Lombardia Region, northern Italy." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Nature-based solutions, such as Constructed Wetlands (CWs), for the treatment of industrial wastewater can be more efficiently operated making use of online monitored parameters as inlet/outlet flows and concentrations for specific substances. The present study compares different datasets acquired in a two-and-a-half-year-long period by normal laboratory methods and also from a specific COD/BOD sensor installed at a winery CWs wastewater treatment plant in Tuscany, Italy. The CW wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is composed of: equalization tank (70 m3); French Reed Bed (1200 m2); horizontal subsurface flow (HF) CW (960 m2): free water system (850 m2); optional post-treatment sand filter (50 m2); and emergency recirculation. The obtained average performances for this last period are for COD 97.5%, for MBAS 93.1%, for N-NO2- 84.7%, for NO3- 39.9%, and for TP 45.5%. The online sensor has shown excellent performance in following the COD concentration patterns along the observed period. The qualitative and quantitative validity of the online sensor measurements has been assessed by statistical analysis (t-test) and reported in the paper. Online data, acquired every 30 min, availability is of extreme importance for the CW system performance optimization, for understanding the behavior of the WWTP in different operative scenarios, and finally for driving the powering on or off eventual process enhancement tools.

ACS Style

Anacleto Rizzo; Riccardo Bresciani; Nicola Martinuzzi; Fabio Masi. Online Monitoring of a Long-Term Full-Scale Constructed Wetland for the Treatment of Winery Wastewater in Italy. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 555 .

AMA Style

Anacleto Rizzo, Riccardo Bresciani, Nicola Martinuzzi, Fabio Masi. Online Monitoring of a Long-Term Full-Scale Constructed Wetland for the Treatment of Winery Wastewater in Italy. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (2):555.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anacleto Rizzo; Riccardo Bresciani; Nicola Martinuzzi; Fabio Masi. 2020. "Online Monitoring of a Long-Term Full-Scale Constructed Wetland for the Treatment of Winery Wastewater in Italy." Applied Sciences 10, no. 2: 555.

Proceedings
Published: 01 January 2020 in Environmental Sciences Proceedings
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The operational management of tanks for urban water distribution networks is usually a critical element due to the dynamic nature of the water demand and the age of the distribution networks themselves. Today, in a context of water resource scarcity, optimal management is a key point for the sustainable management of urban systems. For this purpose, it is useful to implement predictive tools, able to provide short-term forecasts to inform urban water managers on the most suitable procedure to be applied in the case of routine or critical events. A possible approach is to use autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models, which combine the autoregression and the moving average approaches, with the possibility to work on a differenced series of the data. They can further embed a seasonal- component (Seasonal ARIMA models), to account for possible periodic patterns in the observed data. In this study, the data of water levels measured from May 2018 to 10 January 2019 in a water storage tank in the area of Benevento, Campania region (Italy), were considered as a case study. The standard ARIMA techniques were applied to find the best model for this dataset, according to “Deviance Information Criterion” (DIC) and “Bayesian Information Criterion” (BIC) optimization. The results are discussed, shedding light on the behaviour of the time series with reference to the management of the infrastructure and the dataset. The residual analysis, carried out to check if the autocorrelation was still present and if the residuals were normally distributed, revealed a narrow distribution. Small values were found throughout the dataset, except for a few periods, corresponding to the imputed data. This application represents a preliminary step of more detailed research that will be carried out to detect the best model for forecasting tank levels for the case study to help to manage the urban water supply.

ACS Style

Claudio Guarnaccia; Antonia Longobardi; Simona Mancini; Giacomo Viccione. Drinking Water Tank Level Analysis with ARIMA Models: A Case Study. Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2020, 2, 33 .

AMA Style

Claudio Guarnaccia, Antonia Longobardi, Simona Mancini, Giacomo Viccione. Drinking Water Tank Level Analysis with ARIMA Models: A Case Study. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2020; 2 (1):33.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudio Guarnaccia; Antonia Longobardi; Simona Mancini; Giacomo Viccione. 2020. "Drinking Water Tank Level Analysis with ARIMA Models: A Case Study." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1: 33.

Journal article
Published: 06 December 2019 in Sustainability
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Due to the ever-increasing degree of urbanization, blue and green infrastructures are becoming important tools for achieving stormwater management sustainability in urban areas. Concerning green roofs, although scientists have investigated their behaviors under different climates and building practices, their hydrological performance is still a thought-provoking field of research. An event scale analysis based on thirty-five rainfall–runoff events recorded at a new set of experimental green roofs located in Southern Italy has been performed with the aim of identifying the relative roles of climate, substrate moisture conditions, and building practices on retention properties. The retention coefficient showed a wide range of variability, which could not be captured by neither simple nor multiple linear regression analysis, relating the latter to rainfall characteristics and substrate soil water content. Significant improvements in the prediction of the retention coefficient were obtained by a preliminary identification of groups of rainfall–runoff events, based on substrate soil water content thresholds. Within each group, a primary role is played by rainfall. At the experimental site, building practices, particularly those concerning the drainage layer properties, appeared to affect the retention properties only for specific event types.

ACS Style

Antonia Longobardi; Roberta D’Ambrosio; Mirka Mobilia. Predicting Stormwater Retention Capacity of Green Roofs: An Experimental Study of the Roles of Climate, Substrate Soil Moisture, and Drainage Layer Properties. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6956 .

AMA Style

Antonia Longobardi, Roberta D’Ambrosio, Mirka Mobilia. Predicting Stormwater Retention Capacity of Green Roofs: An Experimental Study of the Roles of Climate, Substrate Soil Moisture, and Drainage Layer Properties. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):6956.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonia Longobardi; Roberta D’Ambrosio; Mirka Mobilia. 2019. "Predicting Stormwater Retention Capacity of Green Roofs: An Experimental Study of the Roles of Climate, Substrate Soil Moisture, and Drainage Layer Properties." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 6956.

Review
Published: 15 November 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Recognizing greywater as a relevant secondary source of water and nutrients represents an important chance for the sustainable management of water resource. In the last two decades, many studies analysed the environmental, economic, and energetic benefits of the reuse of greywater treated by nature-based solutions (NBS). This work reviews existing case studies of traditional constructed wetlands and new integrated technologies (e.g., green roofs and green walls) for greywater treatment and reuse, with a specific focus on their treatment performance as a function of hydraulic operating parameters. The aim of this work is to understand if the application of NBS can represent a valid alternative to conventional treatment technologies, providing quantitative indications for their design. Specifically, indications concerning threshold values of hydraulic design parameters to guarantee high removal performance are suggested. Finally, the existing literature on life cycle analysis of NBS for greywater treatment has been examined, confirming the provided environmental benefits.

ACS Style

Fulvio Boano; Alice Caruso; Elisa Costamagna; Luca Ridolfi; Silvia Fiore; Francesca Demichelis; Ana Galvão; Joana Pisoeiro; Anacleto Rizzo; Fabio Masi. A review of nature-based solutions for greywater treatment: Applications, hydraulic design, and environmental benefits. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 711, 134731 .

AMA Style

Fulvio Boano, Alice Caruso, Elisa Costamagna, Luca Ridolfi, Silvia Fiore, Francesca Demichelis, Ana Galvão, Joana Pisoeiro, Anacleto Rizzo, Fabio Masi. A review of nature-based solutions for greywater treatment: Applications, hydraulic design, and environmental benefits. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 711 ():134731.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fulvio Boano; Alice Caruso; Elisa Costamagna; Luca Ridolfi; Silvia Fiore; Francesca Demichelis; Ana Galvão; Joana Pisoeiro; Anacleto Rizzo; Fabio Masi. 2019. "A review of nature-based solutions for greywater treatment: Applications, hydraulic design, and environmental benefits." Science of The Total Environment 711, no. : 134731.

Proceedings
Published: 12 November 2019 in Proceedings
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Recent development dynamics of urban centers forced administrations to deal more frequently with problems linked to the inability of traditional sewer systems to manage rainwater in a sustainable and effective manner. Currently, several laws require compliance with the quantitative and qualitative stormwater limits to be discharged into watercourses but, in parallel with a “regulatory” approach, integrated strategies are increasingly being developed. A fundamental role is carried out by Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS), whose basic principle is the management of rainwater at the source, through the implementation of prevention, mitigation and treatment strategies. This study, starting from a project proposal made by different Italian firms and funded by PoliS-Lombardia, aims to assess the benefits deriving from the widespread application of SuDS in the Sesto Ulteriano industrial area, through a comparison between a scenario that represents the current configuration of the drainage network, and an ideal scenario where SuDS are taken into consideration. SWMM5 software was used, in order to simulate the behavior of the drainage network in contexts without and with SuDS, after the construction of the synthetic rainfall data sets. Although only event scale simulations have been conducted so far, the encouraging results suggest that these systems really contribute can to mitigating the effects of flooding in urban areas.

ACS Style

Roberta D’Ambrosio; Anacleto Rizzo; Alessandro Balbo; Antonia Longobardi. Assessing the Performance of SuDS in the Mitigation of Urban Flooding: The Industrial Area of Sesto Ulteriano (MI). Proceedings 2019, 48, 5 .

AMA Style

Roberta D’Ambrosio, Anacleto Rizzo, Alessandro Balbo, Antonia Longobardi. Assessing the Performance of SuDS in the Mitigation of Urban Flooding: The Industrial Area of Sesto Ulteriano (MI). Proceedings. 2019; 48 (1):5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberta D’Ambrosio; Anacleto Rizzo; Alessandro Balbo; Antonia Longobardi. 2019. "Assessing the Performance of SuDS in the Mitigation of Urban Flooding: The Industrial Area of Sesto Ulteriano (MI)." Proceedings 48, no. 1: 5.

Proceedings
Published: 12 November 2019 in Proceedings
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Green infrastructures can provide multiple benefits and play an important role in cities’ resilience to extreme stormwater events caused by climate change. Additionally, these techniques can contribute to the protection of transport infrastructures, averting major environmental and economical adversities. Stormwater can be treated through several processes, some processes being more effective than others for specific contaminants. A review of some of the most commonly used green infrastructures (GI) for stormwater management in urban environments was carried out, with emphasis on their efficiency in reducing peak flow rates, runoff volumes and the following pollutants: total suspended solids, heavy metals, total phosphorus and total nitrogen. The GI studied were green roofs, bioretention systems, filter strips, vegetated swales and trenches. In addition to the advantages in the urban water cycle, benefits of amenity and ecosystem services of these GI have also been identified. The discussion of the results and the comparative analysis of GI performance were carried out taking advantage of a table that summarizes the range of percentages of GI efficiency obtained in various studies for the different functions.

ACS Style

Bárbara Pereira; Luís Mesquita David; Ana Galvão. Green Infrastructures in Stormwater Control and Treatment Strategies. Proceedings 2019, 48, 7 .

AMA Style

Bárbara Pereira, Luís Mesquita David, Ana Galvão. Green Infrastructures in Stormwater Control and Treatment Strategies. Proceedings. 2019; 48 (1):7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bárbara Pereira; Luís Mesquita David; Ana Galvão. 2019. "Green Infrastructures in Stormwater Control and Treatment Strategies." Proceedings 48, no. 1: 7.