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Changhoo Chun
Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea

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Journal article
Published: 23 June 2021 in Scientia Horticulturae
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Strawberry plants are at risk of exposure to short-term high daytime temperature (HTD) during flowering and exposure to short-term low temperature at night (LTN) during the coldest months of winter. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of short-term HTD or LTN on the different floral developments and fruit development, such as fruit malformation, flowering traits, stigma maturation, and pollen quality in ‘Seolhyang’ and ‘Maehyang’ strawberries. For the treatment of HTD, plants were treated at 35 °C, and for LTN treatment, plants were treated at 2 °C for consecutive days each. Days to flowering were shortened under HTD in both cultivars, while days to anther dehiscence were shortened under HTD. Stigma maturation was delayed by short-term extreme temperature stress in ‘Maehyang’. Short-term LTN before the flower petals appeared in the first and second flower clusters might cause high malformation rates in both cultivars. Pollen viability and the germination rate were decreased by HTD and LTN in both cultivars. There was a high correlation between the lower pollen germination rate and the higher percentage of malformed fruits under short-term LTN. These results suggest that even short-term exposure to low temperature in winter during cultivation should be controlled carefully considering developmental stages and cultivar-specific responses and that attention should be paid to the protection of strawberries.

ACS Style

Meiyan Cui; Minh Duy Pham; Hyunseung Hwang; Changhoo Chun. Flower development and fruit malformation in strawberries after short-term exposure to high or low temperature. Scientia Horticulturae 2021, 288, 110308 .

AMA Style

Meiyan Cui, Minh Duy Pham, Hyunseung Hwang, Changhoo Chun. Flower development and fruit malformation in strawberries after short-term exposure to high or low temperature. Scientia Horticulturae. 2021; 288 ():110308.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Meiyan Cui; Minh Duy Pham; Hyunseung Hwang; Changhoo Chun. 2021. "Flower development and fruit malformation in strawberries after short-term exposure to high or low temperature." Scientia Horticulturae 288, no. : 110308.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2021 in Horticulturae
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Air temperature and light conditions are important factors not only to produce high-quality seedlings but also to promote energy efficiency in a plant factory with artificial lighting. In this study, we conducted two experiments in order to investigate the favorable conditions of air temperature, light intensity and photoperiod for the production of cucumber scions and rootstocks in a plant factory with artificial lighting. Cucumber scions and rootstocks were cultivated in two combined treatments: the combination of three different levels of difference between the day and night temperature (DIF), 25/20, 26/18 and 27/16 °C and five different light intensity conditions of photosynthetic photon flux, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 was set for the first experiment, and the combination of three different photoperiod conditions, 12, 16 and 20 h·d−1 and five different light intensity conditions, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 μmol·m−2·s−1 was set for the second experiment. In the air temperature and light intensity treatments, the hypocotyl elongation of cucumber scions and rootstocks was affected more largely by light intensity than DIF. The highest DIF treatment (27/16 °C) affected negatively on the accumulation of dry mass. On the contrary, the smallest DIF treatment (25/20 °C) was favorable for seedling growth due to lesser stress by rapid change of air temperature between photo- and dark-period. In the photoperiod and light intensity treatments, an increased DLI (daily light integral) promoted the growth of scions and rootstocks. Under the same DLI condition, the growth of scions and rootstocks increased with increasing photoperiod and decreasing light intensity. In both of experiments, while the dry weight increased with increasing the light intensity, the light use efficiencies were reduced by increasing the light intensity. Considering the growth and quality of seedlings and energy efficiency, the optimal environment conditions were represented by 25/20 °C of air temperature, 150 μmol·m−2·s−1 of light intensity and 16 h·d−1 of photoperiod.

ACS Style

Sewoong An; Hyunseung Hwang; Changhoo Chun; Yoonah Jang; Hee Lee; Seung Wi; Kyung-Hwan Yeo; In-Ho Yu; Yurina Kwack. Evaluation of Air Temperature, Photoperiod and Light Intensity Conditions to Produce Cucumber Scions and Rootstocks in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting. Horticulturae 2021, 7, 102 .

AMA Style

Sewoong An, Hyunseung Hwang, Changhoo Chun, Yoonah Jang, Hee Lee, Seung Wi, Kyung-Hwan Yeo, In-Ho Yu, Yurina Kwack. Evaluation of Air Temperature, Photoperiod and Light Intensity Conditions to Produce Cucumber Scions and Rootstocks in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting. Horticulturae. 2021; 7 (5):102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sewoong An; Hyunseung Hwang; Changhoo Chun; Yoonah Jang; Hee Lee; Seung Wi; Kyung-Hwan Yeo; In-Ho Yu; Yurina Kwack. 2021. "Evaluation of Air Temperature, Photoperiod and Light Intensity Conditions to Produce Cucumber Scions and Rootstocks in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting." Horticulturae 7, no. 5: 102.

Research report
Published: 30 March 2021 in Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology
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To determine the optimal light intensity and enable plants to cope with various environmental stresses in plant factories, the morphological and photosynthetic characteristics of ginseng seedlings, including the secondary metabolites, were investigated under six light intensities: 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, and 150 μmol m−2 s−1. The shoot length increased with lower light intensity up to 75 μmol m−2 s−1, and the leaf area and specific leaf weight were greatest at 100 and 75 μmol m−2 s−1, respectively. Stomata frequency was higher from 100 μmol m−2 s−1 with higher light intensity, and single stomatal pore length also increased at 150 μmol m−2 s−1. Net photosynthetic rate at light saturation and net photosynthetic rate in growth condition increased sequentially up to 100 μmol m−2 s−1 before rapidly decreasing at 150 μmol m−2 s−1. The dark respiration rate and light compensation point were significantly high at 150 μmol m−2 s−1 only. Fv/Fm and chlorophyll content statistically differed from 63 and 84 days after seedling stand, respectively. Thus, the leaves withered to death with higher light intensity. The ginsenoside content in the roots significantly increased according to the light intensity, and the panaxadiol/panaxatriol (PT) ratio tended to decrease as the PT-type ginsenosides increased further. Taken together, the range of 75–100 μmol m−2 s−1 was found to be beneficial for growth, photosynthetic acclimation response, and total accumulated ginsenosides of ginseng seedlings.

ACS Style

Inbae Jang; Gyungran Do; Hyunseung Hwang; Sujeoung Suh; Jin Yu; Inbok Jang; Jiwon Moon; Changhoo Chun. Morphological development and photosynthetic acclimation of Panax ginseng seedlings to irradiation by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 2021, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Inbae Jang, Gyungran Do, Hyunseung Hwang, Sujeoung Suh, Jin Yu, Inbok Jang, Jiwon Moon, Changhoo Chun. Morphological development and photosynthetic acclimation of Panax ginseng seedlings to irradiation by light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 2021; ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Inbae Jang; Gyungran Do; Hyunseung Hwang; Sujeoung Suh; Jin Yu; Inbok Jang; Jiwon Moon; Changhoo Chun. 2021. "Morphological development and photosynthetic acclimation of Panax ginseng seedlings to irradiation by light-emitting diodes (LEDs)." Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology , no. : 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 21 December 2020 in Horticulturae
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Although light-emitting diode (LED) lamps have been broadly applied in horticultural production to improve plant yield and quality, compared to natural light there is a disadvantage in the lack of far-red light in the LED spectrum. Far-red light has been studied widely to control plant growth and development. Therefore, this study aimed to find the effect of supplemental far-red-enriched LED lights to control the growth of tomato, red pepper, cucumber, gourd, watermelon and bottle gourd seedlings. The treatments were cool white LED:far-red LED at ratios of 5:0, 5:1, 5:2 and 5:3. The growth of tomato and red pepper seedlings, including hypocotyl length, was correlated to far-red light and light intensity. The phytochrome photostationary state (PSS) value of maximum hypocotyl length by supplemental far-red-enriched light ranged from 0.69 to 0.77 in tomato and red pepper seedlings. Although hypocotyl lengths of cucumber and watermelon were greatly affected by PSS, the PSS value for maximum hypocotyl length was lower than for tomato and red pepper. These results show that manipulating supplemental far-red enrichment can be used to control vegetable seedling growth with some variation among plant species.

ACS Style

Hyunseung Hwang; Sewoong An; Byungkwan Lee; Changhoo Chun. Improvement of Growth and Morphology of Vegetable Seedlings with Supplemental Far-Red Enriched LED Lights in a Plant Factory. Horticulturae 2020, 6, 109 .

AMA Style

Hyunseung Hwang, Sewoong An, Byungkwan Lee, Changhoo Chun. Improvement of Growth and Morphology of Vegetable Seedlings with Supplemental Far-Red Enriched LED Lights in a Plant Factory. Horticulturae. 2020; 6 (4):109.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyunseung Hwang; Sewoong An; Byungkwan Lee; Changhoo Chun. 2020. "Improvement of Growth and Morphology of Vegetable Seedlings with Supplemental Far-Red Enriched LED Lights in a Plant Factory." Horticulturae 6, no. 4: 109.

Journal article
Published: 27 November 2020 in Sustainability
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Understanding environmental factors is essential to maximizing the biomass production of plants. There have been many studies on the effects of the photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), photoperiod and air temperature as separate factors affecting plants, including under a closed transplant production system (CTPS). However, few studies have investigated the combined effects of these factors on plant growth. Germinated tomato and red pepper seedlings were transferred to three different photoperiods with five different photosynthetic photon fluxes (PPFs) at an air temperature of 25/20 °C to investigate plant growth under a different daily light integral (DLI). Three different air temperatures, 23/20, 25/20, and 27/20 °C (photo/dark periods), with five different PPFs were used to examine plant growth under different DIFs (difference between the day and night temperature). Increasing the DLI from 4.32 to 21.60 mol·m−2·d−1, either by increasing the photoperiod or PPF, improved the growth of seedlings in both cultivars. However, when comparing treatments that provided the same DLI, tomato seedlings had s significantly higher growth when grown under longer photoperiods and s lower PPF. Even in higher DLI conditions, reduced growth due to higher PPF indicated that excessive light energy was a limiting factor. At 23 and 25 °C, tomato seedlings showed similar correlation curves between growth and PPF. However, at the higher temperature of 27 °C, while the slope of the curve at low PPFs was similar to that of the curves at lower temperatures, the slope at high PPFs was flatter. On the other hand, red pepper seedlings displayed the same correlation curve between growth and PPF at all tested temperatures, and red pepper plants accumulated more dry weight even at higher temperatures. These results suggested that the combination effect was more useful to observe these overall tendencies, especially in reacting to a second factor. This will provide us with more information and a deeper understanding of plant characteristics and how they will behave under changing environments.

ACS Style

Hyunseung Hwang; Sewoong An; Minh Pham; Meiyan Cui; Changhoo Chun. The Combined Conditions of Photoperiod, Light Intensity, and Air Temperature Control the Growth and Development of Tomato and Red Pepper Seedlings in a Closed Transplant Production System. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9939 .

AMA Style

Hyunseung Hwang, Sewoong An, Minh Pham, Meiyan Cui, Changhoo Chun. The Combined Conditions of Photoperiod, Light Intensity, and Air Temperature Control the Growth and Development of Tomato and Red Pepper Seedlings in a Closed Transplant Production System. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):9939.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyunseung Hwang; Sewoong An; Minh Pham; Meiyan Cui; Changhoo Chun. 2020. "The Combined Conditions of Photoperiod, Light Intensity, and Air Temperature Control the Growth and Development of Tomato and Red Pepper Seedlings in a Closed Transplant Production System." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 9939.

Research report
Published: 22 October 2020 in Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology
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The application of plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) for producing strawberry transplants (S-PFAL) was recently introduced due to the capacity for high quality and year-round transplant production. To achieve greater efficiency with this system, it is essential to select lighting sources that have a suitable spectrum for runner plant propagation. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the light spectrum of white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which have a different correlated color temperature compared with that of white fluorescent lamps, on the growth of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. cv. Maehyang) propagules and runner plants in a PFAL. Uniform propagules with one fixed runner each were placed into a PFAL for transplant production and were grown under either warm-white LEDs (WWL), mint-white LEDs (MWL), or cool-white fluorescent lamps (CWF) for 21 days. The propagules in the MWL treatment group had the greatest number of leaves, leaf area, top/root dry weight ratio and number of newly formed runners per propagule among the treatments. The dry weight of the newly formed runners of each propagule was also greatest after MWL treatment, whereas it was lowest after CWF treatment. However, there was no significant difference in the growth parameters of the runner plants among the three treatments. The photosynthetic photon efficacy of WWL and MWL was 5.40 µmol s− 1 W− 1, which was 62.6% higher than that of CWF (3.38 µmol s− 1 W− 1). The dry weight efficacies of the MWL, WWL, and CWF treatments were 23.5, 22.1, and 10.0 g kWh− 1, respectively. These results indicate that MWL with high photosynthetic photon efficacy can have positive effects on the runner formation and growth of strawberry propagules and can replace cool-white fluorescent lamps in an S-PFAL.

ACS Style

Hyein Lee; Seon Woo Park; Minh Duy Pham; Hyunseung Hwang; Changhoo Chun. Effect of the light spectrum of white LEDs on the productivity of strawberry transplants in a plant factory with artificial lighting. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 2020, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Hyein Lee, Seon Woo Park, Minh Duy Pham, Hyunseung Hwang, Changhoo Chun. Effect of the light spectrum of white LEDs on the productivity of strawberry transplants in a plant factory with artificial lighting. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 2020; ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyein Lee; Seon Woo Park; Minh Duy Pham; Hyunseung Hwang; Changhoo Chun. 2020. "Effect of the light spectrum of white LEDs on the productivity of strawberry transplants in a plant factory with artificial lighting." Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology , no. : 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 06 October 2020 in Horticulturae
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To verify the productivity of the autotrophic transplant production method (ATPM), a novel propagation method in a plant factory with artificial lighting for transplant production (T-PFAL), strawberry transplants were produced by the ATPM for 365 days. A total of 3497 transplants were produced by the ATPM over 365 days with nine propagules in a cultivation area of 3.6 m2 in the T-PFAL. When the simulated results were fit with the measured results, the propagation cycle timescales from planting propagules to producing the first, second, and third runner plants were 15, 27, and 43 days, respectively. The cumulative number of transplants (CNT) produced from 5, 10, and 20 initial propagules in a cultivation area of 36 m2 over 365 days was simulated by the verified program along with the propagation cycles, and these values were 27,970, 30,010, and 31,900, respectively. The simulated CNTs from nine initial propagules in 18 and 72 m2 over 365 days were 15,950 and 55,940, respectively. These results indicate that the ATPM is an appropriate propagation method to produce transplants rapidly in a T-PFAL, especially when the number of propagules or propagules is limited.

ACS Style

Seon Woo Park; Sung Kyeom Kim; Yurina Kwack; Changhoo Chun. Simulation of the Number of Strawberry Transplants Produced by an Autotrophic Transplant Production Method in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting. Horticulturae 2020, 6, 63 .

AMA Style

Seon Woo Park, Sung Kyeom Kim, Yurina Kwack, Changhoo Chun. Simulation of the Number of Strawberry Transplants Produced by an Autotrophic Transplant Production Method in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting. Horticulturae. 2020; 6 (4):63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seon Woo Park; Sung Kyeom Kim; Yurina Kwack; Changhoo Chun. 2020. "Simulation of the Number of Strawberry Transplants Produced by an Autotrophic Transplant Production Method in a Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting." Horticulturae 6, no. 4: 63.

Research report
Published: 01 July 2020 in Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology
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Ginseng, a semi-shade perennial plant, is greatly affected by light. However, light quality has only been studied in a few papers involving growth tests under monochromatic light or based on hairy root cultures. A plant factory with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) may provide high precision and standardization of ginseng seedlings for transplanting, and plant responses to light quality should be investigated for designing the optimal lighting conditions for this environment. In this study, various ratios of red light (R):blue light (B) were set from 100:0 to 0:100% at the same photosynthetic photon flux density of 75 μmol m−2 s−1. As R increased, the shoot length became longer from R75B25, resulting in the single treatment of R being 1.68 times that of B. Compared to monochromatic R or B treatments, the overall growth of ginseng seedlings in R50B50 treatment increased. In the mesophyll structure, mixed light as R50B50 or while LEDs increased starch grains, and only R treatment led to dense chloroplasts in palisade and spongy parenchyma cells. Increasing R ratios had negative effects on CO2 assimilation rate (AN), light-saturated net photosynthesis rate (Asat), and chlorophyll parameters. The higher the R ratio, the higher the ginsenoside content in leaves, while roots were less affected by spectral changes. Monochromatic R induced malformation and senescence of ginseng leaves, while the addition of 25% B was sufficient to prevent the abnormal development of leaves and dysfunctional photosynthetic operation of ginseng seedlings. The results suggest that combinations of R and B should be considered when designing artificial lighting systems for a closed-type plant factory since R affects the morphological characteristics and ginsenoside content of ginseng seedlings.

ACS Style

Inbae Jang; Gyungran Do; Sujeoung Suh; Jin Yu; Inbok Jang; Jiwon Moon; Changhoo Chun. Physiological responses and ginsenoside production of Panax ginseng seedlings grown under various ratios of red to blue light-emitting diodes. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 2020, 61, 663 -672.

AMA Style

Inbae Jang, Gyungran Do, Sujeoung Suh, Jin Yu, Inbok Jang, Jiwon Moon, Changhoo Chun. Physiological responses and ginsenoside production of Panax ginseng seedlings grown under various ratios of red to blue light-emitting diodes. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 2020; 61 (4):663-672.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Inbae Jang; Gyungran Do; Sujeoung Suh; Jin Yu; Inbok Jang; Jiwon Moon; Changhoo Chun. 2020. "Physiological responses and ginsenoside production of Panax ginseng seedlings grown under various ratios of red to blue light-emitting diodes." Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 61, no. 4: 663-672.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2020 in Scientia Horticulturae
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In tomato, continuous light inflicts distinctive injuries, including leaf chlorosis and epinasty, a phenomenon that is not fully understood. To gain insights regarding the mechanism underlying this phenomenon, we cultivated tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Momotaro) for 14 days under continuous light with one of three constant photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD) (300, 175 or 50 μmol⋅m−2⋅s-1) or two diurnal variations of PPFD (300 μmol⋅m−2⋅s-1 for 14 h alternating with 50 or 5 μmol⋅m−2⋅s-1 for 10 h). We quantitatively evaluated and compared the levels of leaf chlorosis and epinasty of these plants with those grown under a 14/10-h photoperiod. The results showed that under continuous light with constant PPFD, the level of leaf chlorosis did not increase with higher light intensity, whereas the level of leaf epinasty increased with increasing light intensity, suggesting that these injuries are inflicted through different mechanisms. Relative to continuous light with constant PPFD, diurnal variations in PPFD significantly mitigated leaf chlorosis, slightly reduced leaf epinasty and improved plant growth. The leaf carbohydrate concentrations, including glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch concentrations, did not follow the trend in the level of leaf chlorosis. However, a daily pattern of increase and decrease of the sucrose content resulted from diurnal variation in PPFD, which seemed to be associated with the mitigation of continuous light injury. These results suggest that the circadian rhythm rather than the overaccumulation of carbohydrates is involved in the induction of continuous-light-induced injuries in tomato.

ACS Style

Duy Minh Pham; Changhoo Chun. Growth and leaf injury in tomato plants under continuous light at different settings of constant and diurnally varied photosynthetic photon flux densities. Scientia Horticulturae 2020, 269, 109347 .

AMA Style

Duy Minh Pham, Changhoo Chun. Growth and leaf injury in tomato plants under continuous light at different settings of constant and diurnally varied photosynthetic photon flux densities. Scientia Horticulturae. 2020; 269 ():109347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duy Minh Pham; Changhoo Chun. 2020. "Growth and leaf injury in tomato plants under continuous light at different settings of constant and diurnally varied photosynthetic photon flux densities." Scientia Horticulturae 269, no. : 109347.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2020 in Journal of Agricultural Science
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To determine the feasibility of reusing waste nutrient solution as an alternative fertilizer for vegetable production, we investigated the growth and shoot nutrient content of curled mallows (Malva verticillata L.) irrigated with tap water (pH 7.8, EC: 0.5 dS·m-1), nutrient solution (pH 5.7, EC: 2.7 dS·m-1) and waste nutrient solution (pH 5.0, EC: 2.2 dS·m-1 in average) collected from plant factories. Three waste nutrient solutions were applied in sequential order to a waste nutrient solution treatment and mineral compositions of irrigation solutions were analyzed. We measured the total number of leaves, fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and total phenolic content of curled mallow shoots and analyzed shoot and soil nutrient content using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Curled mallows were harvested twice during the cultivation. Curled mallows irrigated with waste nutrient solutions had a similar fresh weight (yield), total phenolic content and number of leaves compared to those grown with fresh nutrient solution, and had higher fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and percentage dry weight compared to those grown with tap water upon first and second harvest. The dry weight of curled mallows grown in waste nutrient solution was lower than that of plants grown in nutrient solution on first harvest, but there was no significant difference between the waste nutrient solution and nutrient solution groups on second harvest. Curled mallows irrigated with nutrient solution and waste nutrient solution showed similar mineral content. These results suggest that waste nutrient solution in curled mallow cultivation could be reused and provide more efficient and sustainable nutritional solutions that improve the productive yields of crops in the agriculture sector.

ACS Style

Chungkeun Lee; Dong Sub Kim; Yurina Kwack; Changhoo Chun. Waste Nutrient Solution as an Alternative Fertilizer in Curled Mallow Cultivation. Journal of Agricultural Science 2020, 12, p55 .

AMA Style

Chungkeun Lee, Dong Sub Kim, Yurina Kwack, Changhoo Chun. Waste Nutrient Solution as an Alternative Fertilizer in Curled Mallow Cultivation. Journal of Agricultural Science. 2020; 12 (3):p55.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chungkeun Lee; Dong Sub Kim; Yurina Kwack; Changhoo Chun. 2020. "Waste Nutrient Solution as an Alternative Fertilizer in Curled Mallow Cultivation." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 3: p55.

Journal article
Published: 31 August 2019 in Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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Background: High temperature damage in ginseng is influenced by shading materials related not only to temperature, but also to light intensity and light quality. To address, this green-colored khaki shading sheet is widely used. As they are recently, developed, there is limited research information about their attributes and use. Methods and Results: The four-layered shading net (FLSN), blue-colored shading sheet (BCSS), aluminum-coated shading board (ACSB), and green-colored shading sheet (GCSS) were installed in the wooden A type of sun-block facilities. Two layered black, shading net was additionally used to cover the facilities since the beginning of June. The average temperature at the facility where different shades were tested was in the order of BCSS (28.9℃) > FLSN (27.7℃) > GCSS (27.6℃) > ACSB (27.1℃). However, high temperature injury rates were in order: FLSN > ACSB > GCSS > BCSS. Root weight vaired and was in the order: ACSB > GCSS > BCSS > FLSN. Conclusions: High temperature damage is possible not only because of temperature increase, but also due to various environmental light factors. Ginseng high temperature injury was minimal when BCSS or GCSS were used by difference of light quality. Although the root weight was higher in ACSB, it could be vulnerable to high temperature damage. Therefore, we propose using GCSS for ginseng shading.

ACS Style

In Bae Jang; Ji Won Moon; Jin Yu; Su Jeoung Suh; Chang Hoo Chun; In Bok Jang. Analysis of Microclimate Responses and High-temperature Injury in Ginseng as Affected by Shading. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science 2019, 27, 278 -283.

AMA Style

In Bae Jang, Ji Won Moon, Jin Yu, Su Jeoung Suh, Chang Hoo Chun, In Bok Jang. Analysis of Microclimate Responses and High-temperature Injury in Ginseng as Affected by Shading. Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science. 2019; 27 (4):278-283.

Chicago/Turabian Style

In Bae Jang; Ji Won Moon; Jin Yu; Su Jeoung Suh; Chang Hoo Chun; In Bok Jang. 2019. "Analysis of Microclimate Responses and High-temperature Injury in Ginseng as Affected by Shading." Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science 27, no. 4: 278-283.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
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The induction of leaf injuries, including leaf chlorosis and epinasty, by continuous light in tomato plants is one of the most interesting and mysterious phenomena regarding plant interactions with light, the mechanism of which has not yet been revealed. To gain further insights into this particular response of tomato plants, we cultivated tomato seedlings (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Momotaro) for 14 days under continuous light with different ratios of red and blue light and compared their performance to those grown under continuous or 14/10-h photoperiodic white light using novel methods to quantitatively evaluate the level of leaf chlorosis and epinasty. Continuous monochromatic blue light induced severe chlorosis but almost completely alleviated epinasty in tomato leaf. In contrast, continuous monochromatic red light caused a lower level of leaf chlorosis but very severe epinasty. The combination of red and blue light at different ratios significantly reduced both leaf chlorosis and epinasty under continuous light condition. Carbohydrate contents showed no correlation with leaf chlorosis, while glucose and fructose contents showed correlations with the petiole and leaflet curvatures. Histochemical staining with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and nitro blue tetrazodium chloride also did not reveal any significant buildup of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion in monochromatic blue light treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that chlorosis and epinasty are two distinctive leaf injuries caused by continuous light that may follow very different mechanisms, and an overaccumulation of carbohydrates in the leaf may not be the main cause of continuous light-induced leaf chlorosis in tomato.

ACS Style

Minh Duy Pham; Hyunseung Hwang; Seon Woo Park; Meiyan Cui; Hyein Lee; Changhoo Chun. Leaf chlorosis, epinasty, carbohydrate contents and growth of tomato show different responses to the red/blue wavelength ratio under continuous light. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2019, 141, 477 -486.

AMA Style

Minh Duy Pham, Hyunseung Hwang, Seon Woo Park, Meiyan Cui, Hyein Lee, Changhoo Chun. Leaf chlorosis, epinasty, carbohydrate contents and growth of tomato show different responses to the red/blue wavelength ratio under continuous light. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2019; 141 ():477-486.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Minh Duy Pham; Hyunseung Hwang; Seon Woo Park; Meiyan Cui; Hyein Lee; Changhoo Chun. 2019. "Leaf chlorosis, epinasty, carbohydrate contents and growth of tomato show different responses to the red/blue wavelength ratio under continuous light." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 141, no. : 477-486.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2019 in The Plant Pathology Journal
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The antimicrobial activity of acetone, hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts from leaves, stems, immature green fruits, and red fruits of tomato plants was examined against six phytopathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the acetonic extracts from these four plant parts was lower than that of the other solvents. Among the acetonic extracts, tomato leaves had a lower MIC than the other tomato parts. The acetonic extract from tomato leaves was therefore selected as a source of antimicrobial substances. The acetonic extract from tomato leaves inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, Glomerella cingulata, and Rhizoctonia solani. Mycelial growth of R. solani treated with acetone extract from leaves showed more susceptibility than the other phytopathogens. Using 0.31 mg/ml of the acetonic extract from leaves, mycelial growth of R. solani on days 1, 2, and 3 decreased by 50.0, 52.1, and 64.0%, respectively, compared with acetone solvent treatment. The antimicrobial compounds effective against R. solani were identified as linolenic acid and caffeic acid by bioautography and GC-MS. These two compounds were used to treat six phytopathogens to confirm their antimicrobial activities. Linolenic acid inhibited mycelial growth of R. solani, while caffeic acid showed only slight antimicrobial activity. Results indicated that we propose extracts from tomato leaves which included antimicrobial compounds may provide a new lead in the pursuit of new biological sources of agrochemical candidates.

ACS Style

Dong Sub Kim; Yurina Kwack; Jung Heon Lee; Changhoo Chun. Antimicrobial Activity of Various Parts of Tomato Plants Varied with Different Solvent Extracts. The Plant Pathology Journal 2019, 35, 149 -155.

AMA Style

Dong Sub Kim, Yurina Kwack, Jung Heon Lee, Changhoo Chun. Antimicrobial Activity of Various Parts of Tomato Plants Varied with Different Solvent Extracts. The Plant Pathology Journal. 2019; 35 (2):149-155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dong Sub Kim; Yurina Kwack; Jung Heon Lee; Changhoo Chun. 2019. "Antimicrobial Activity of Various Parts of Tomato Plants Varied with Different Solvent Extracts." The Plant Pathology Journal 35, no. 2: 149-155.

Research report
Published: 13 March 2018 in Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology
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The suitable size of runner plants based on separation time from their stock plants was determined to maximize propagation rate of strawberry transplants using autotrophic transplant propagation method, a novel propagation method in a plant factory with artificial lighting for transplant production (T-PFAL). When runner tips with unfolded bracts were fixed on a growing medium to generate runner plants, the first true leaf, a runner, and roots of the runner plants appeared 6–10 days after fixing the runner tips (DAF), and their shoot and root dry weights significantly increased 6 and 10 DAF, respectively. The top/root ratio was the greatest 10 DAF. The net photosynthetic rate of runner plants 9, 11, and 13 DAF decreased after separation, while that at 15, 17, and 19 DAF did not. The runner plants separated from their stock plants 15, 20, and 25 DAF were successfully grown until 30 DAF; however, those 10 DAF was not. At 30 DAF, the root dry weight of the runner plants separated from the stock plants 15 DAF was smaller than that of the runner plants separated 20, 25, and 30 DAF, whereas the dry weights of leaves and runners were not significantly different. The use of small stock plants could reduce the required timescale from placing stock plants to produce new runner plants, but there was no significant difference in the timescales when the runner plants were separated 15 or 20 DAF due to the relatively insufficient growth of runner plants separated 15 DAF. These results indicate that runner plants separated 20 DAF, with two true leaves and a 5-mm crown diameter, would be suitable stock plants for the autotrophic transplant propagation method in a T-PFAL for strawberry propagation.

ACS Style

Seon Woo Park; Yurina Kwack; Changhoo Chun. Growth and propagation rate of strawberry transplants produced in a plant factory with artificial lighting as affected by separation time from stock plants. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 2018, 59, 199 -204.

AMA Style

Seon Woo Park, Yurina Kwack, Changhoo Chun. Growth and propagation rate of strawberry transplants produced in a plant factory with artificial lighting as affected by separation time from stock plants. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 2018; 59 (2):199-204.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seon Woo Park; Yurina Kwack; Changhoo Chun. 2018. "Growth and propagation rate of strawberry transplants produced in a plant factory with artificial lighting as affected by separation time from stock plants." Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 59, no. 2: 199-204.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in korean Journal of Horticultural Science&Technology
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ACS Style

Seon Woo Park; Yurina Kwack; >Changhoo Chun. Growth of Runner Plants Grown in a Plant Factory as Affected by Light Intensity and Container Volume. korean Journal of Horticultural Science&Technology 2017, 35, 439 -445.

AMA Style

Seon Woo Park, Yurina Kwack, >Changhoo Chun. Growth of Runner Plants Grown in a Plant Factory as Affected by Light Intensity and Container Volume. korean Journal of Horticultural Science&Technology. 2017; 35 (4):439-445.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seon Woo Park; Yurina Kwack; >Changhoo Chun. 2017. "Growth of Runner Plants Grown in a Plant Factory as Affected by Light Intensity and Container Volume." korean Journal of Horticultural Science&Technology 35, no. 4: 439-445.

Research report
Published: 10 December 2016 in Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology
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With an increased demand for high-quality transplants, vegetable growers have begun to purchase grafted transplants from specialized propagators. These are often shipped over long distances, but improper transport conditions can deteriorate transplant quality. To determine the appropriate period and temperature for transporting grafted transplants, we stored cucumber and tomato transplants in darkness at 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 °C for 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days, and subsequently cultivated these in a greenhouse for 15 days. We investigated the changes in plant height and SPAD value during storage, as well as the early growth of the stored transplants during subsequent cultivation. Increasing temperature during storage promoted stem elongation in both transplant species, with cucumber transplants showing greater stem elongation than tomato transplants. SPAD values of cucumber and tomato transplants tended to decrease with increasing storage temperature, declining even further with extended storage period. The cucumber transplants stored for 3 days and the tomato transplants stored for 6 days, showed no decrease in percent survival and no delay of growth after transplanting compared with non-stored transplants. From these results, we suggest that the appropriate temperature for transporting cucumber and tomato transplants in darkness is 6°C, and the appropriate period of storage in darkness are 3 and 6 days for cucumber and tomato transplants, respectively. Controlling transportation conditions can avoid the deterioration of transplant quality during transport and the delay of early growth after transplanting.

ACS Style

Yurina Kwack; Joon-Hyeok Lee; Changhoo Chun. Proper period and temperature for transportation of cucumber and tomato transplants. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 2016, 57, 554 -559.

AMA Style

Yurina Kwack, Joon-Hyeok Lee, Changhoo Chun. Proper period and temperature for transportation of cucumber and tomato transplants. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 2016; 57 (6):554-559.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yurina Kwack; Joon-Hyeok Lee; Changhoo Chun. 2016. "Proper period and temperature for transportation of cucumber and tomato transplants." Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 57, no. 6: 554-559.

Journal article
Published: 31 December 2015 in Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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Effects of feeding leaf positions on the growth and fruit quality in muskmelon plants showing leaf yellowing symptoms Infected plant ratio;Leaf number;Net index;Photosynthetic rate;Root activity;Fruit-bearing node; This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of feeding leaf positions on the growth, net formation of fruits, and occurrence of leaf yellowing symptoms (LYS) in muskmelon plants. Plants having five or ten more leaves above the fruit-bearing node produced the greater biomass than those of plants having equal or five less leaves above the fruit-bearing node. The number of leaves above the fruit-bearing node also influenced on the occurrence of LYS. The number of plants with LYS decreased as the number of leaves borne on the nodes above the fruit-bearing node increased. The LYS infected ratio of BL-5 treatment were the greatest, while fruit weight of BL+5 treatment were the greatest among all the tested treatments. In addition, the net formation of BL-5 treatment showed the poorest. Results indicated that maintaining the higher number of leaves over the fruit-bearing node might be feasible the practical method for coping physiological damages from yellowing symptoms.

ACS Style

Hee-Ju Lee; Sang-Gyu Lee; Sung-Tae Park; Sung-Kyeom Kim; Chang-Sun Choi; Chang-Hoo Chun. Effects of feeding leaf positions on the growth and fruit quality in muskmelon plants showing leaf yellowing symptoms. Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 2015, 42, 293 -297.

AMA Style

Hee-Ju Lee, Sang-Gyu Lee, Sung-Tae Park, Sung-Kyeom Kim, Chang-Sun Choi, Chang-Hoo Chun. Effects of feeding leaf positions on the growth and fruit quality in muskmelon plants showing leaf yellowing symptoms. Korean Journal of Agricultural Science. 2015; 42 (4):293-297.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hee-Ju Lee; Sang-Gyu Lee; Sung-Tae Park; Sung-Kyeom Kim; Chang-Sun Choi; Chang-Hoo Chun. 2015. "Effects of feeding leaf positions on the growth and fruit quality in muskmelon plants showing leaf yellowing symptoms." Korean Journal of Agricultural Science 42, no. 4: 293-297.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2015 in Protected horticulture and Plant Factory
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ACS Style

Yurina Kwack; Dong Sub Kim; Changhoo Chun. Growth and Quality of Baby Leaf Vegetables Hydroponically Grown in Plant Factory as Affected by Composition of Nutrient Solution. Protected horticulture and Plant Factory 2015, 24, 271 -274.

AMA Style

Yurina Kwack, Dong Sub Kim, Changhoo Chun. Growth and Quality of Baby Leaf Vegetables Hydroponically Grown in Plant Factory as Affected by Composition of Nutrient Solution. Protected horticulture and Plant Factory. 2015; 24 (4):271-274.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yurina Kwack; Dong Sub Kim; Changhoo Chun. 2015. "Growth and Quality of Baby Leaf Vegetables Hydroponically Grown in Plant Factory as Affected by Composition of Nutrient Solution." Protected horticulture and Plant Factory 24, no. 4: 271-274.

Journal article
Published: 31 October 2015 in Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology
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ACS Style

Yurina Kwack; Changhoo Chun. Changes in Quality and Vigour of Cucumber and Paprika Transplants as Affected by Storage Temperature under Dark Conditions. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology 2015, 33, 633 -637.

AMA Style

Yurina Kwack, Changhoo Chun. Changes in Quality and Vigour of Cucumber and Paprika Transplants as Affected by Storage Temperature under Dark Conditions. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology. 2015; 33 (5):633-637.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yurina Kwack; Changhoo Chun. 2015. "Changes in Quality and Vigour of Cucumber and Paprika Transplants as Affected by Storage Temperature under Dark Conditions." Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology 33, no. 5: 633-637.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2015 in Food Chemistry
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Variation in bioactive compounds content was assessed in antioxidant rich June-bearing strawberry cultivars. Ascorbic acid, anthocyanin, and ellagic acid content were analyzed in ripe fruits of 14 cultivars. The bioactive content in strawberry fruit was found to vary significantly among cultivars and from year to year. The highest ascorbic acid content was found in 'Sugyeong'. The 'Red Pearl' and 'Sachinoka' had three to fourfold higher amounts of pelargonidin 3-glucoside than other cultivars. For cyanidin 3-glucoide and pelargonidin 3-rutinoside, two other characterized anthocyanins, 'Dahong' and 'Keumhyang' had the highest contents among all the tested cultivars. The ellagic acid content of 'Dahong' was generally all within the upper ranges. These results can be used for the validation of fruit antioxidant capacity and in addition, provide useful information for breeding programs looking to enhance the antioxidant capacity in strawberry fruit.

ACS Style

Sung Kyeom Kim; Dong Sub Kim; Dae Young Kim; Changhoo Chun. Variation of bioactive compounds content of 14 oriental strawberry cultivars. Food Chemistry 2015, 184, 196 -202.

AMA Style

Sung Kyeom Kim, Dong Sub Kim, Dae Young Kim, Changhoo Chun. Variation of bioactive compounds content of 14 oriental strawberry cultivars. Food Chemistry. 2015; 184 ():196-202.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sung Kyeom Kim; Dong Sub Kim; Dae Young Kim; Changhoo Chun. 2015. "Variation of bioactive compounds content of 14 oriental strawberry cultivars." Food Chemistry 184, no. : 196-202.