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Production of bio-based materials in biorefineries is coupled with the generation of organic-rich process-wastewater that requires further management. Anaerobic technologies can be employed as a tool for the rectification of such hazardous by-products. Therefore, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural process-wastewater and its components were investigated for their biodegradability in a continuous anaerobic process. The test components included 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, levulinic acid, and the full process-wastewater. Each component was injected individually into a continuously operating anaerobic filter at a concentration of 0.5 gCOD. On the basis of large discrepancies within the replicates for each component, we classified their degradation into the categories of “delayed”, “retarded”, and “inhibitory”. Inhibitory represented the replicates for all the test components that hampered the process. For the retarded degradation, their mean methane yield per 0.5 gCOD was between 21.31 ± 13.04 mL and 28.98 ± 25.38 mL. Delayed digestion was considered adequate for further assessments in which the order of conversion to methane according to specific methane yield for each component from highest to lowest was as follows: levulinic acid > furfural > 5-hydroxymethylfurfural > process-wastewater. Disparities and inconsistencies in the degradation of process-wastewater and its components can compromise process stability as a whole. Hence, the provision of energy with such feedstock is questionable.
Muhammad Khan; Johannes Krümpel; Dominik Wüst; Andreas Lemmer. Anaerobic Degradation of Individual Components from 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Process-Wastewater in Continuously Operated Fixed Bed Reactors. Processes 2021, 9, 677 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Khan, Johannes Krümpel, Dominik Wüst, Andreas Lemmer. Anaerobic Degradation of Individual Components from 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Process-Wastewater in Continuously Operated Fixed Bed Reactors. Processes. 2021; 9 (4):677.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Khan; Johannes Krümpel; Dominik Wüst; Andreas Lemmer. 2021. "Anaerobic Degradation of Individual Components from 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Process-Wastewater in Continuously Operated Fixed Bed Reactors." Processes 9, no. 4: 677.
Future biogas plants must be able to produce biogas according to demand, which requires proactive feeding management. Therefore, the simulation of biogas production depending on the substrate supply is assumed. Most simulation models are based on the complex Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1). The ADM1 includes a large number of parameters for all biochemical and physicochemical process steps, which have to be carefully adjusted to represent the conditions of a respective full-scale biogas plant. Due to a deficiency of reliable measurement technology and process monitoring, nearly none of these parameters are available for full-scale plants. The present research investigation shows a simulation model, which is based on the principle of time series analysis and uses only historical data of biogas formation and solid substrate supply, without differentiation of individual substrates. The results of an extensive evaluation of the model over 366 simulations with 48-h horizon show a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 14–18%. The evaluation is based on two different digesters and demonstrated that the model is self-learning and automatically adaptable to the respective application, independent of the substrate’s composition.
Celina Dittmer; Johannes Krümpel; Andreas Lemmer. Modeling and Simulation of Biogas Production in Full Scale with Time Series Analysis. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 324 .
AMA StyleCelina Dittmer, Johannes Krümpel, Andreas Lemmer. Modeling and Simulation of Biogas Production in Full Scale with Time Series Analysis. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (2):324.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCelina Dittmer; Johannes Krümpel; Andreas Lemmer. 2021. "Modeling and Simulation of Biogas Production in Full Scale with Time Series Analysis." Microorganisms 9, no. 2: 324.
For the future energy system it becomes increasingly important that biogas plants produce electricity in a demand-oriented way to compensate electricity production from fluctuating sources like wind power and photovoltaics. Flexibilisation concepts provide a coordinated feeding management, which consider different gas production kinetics of used substrates to adjust the biogas production. To enable the generation of a prospective timetable, suitable forecast models for power demand were evaluated. The resulting 48-h forecasts of power demand of a “real-world laboratory” demonstrated that the four selected models achieve comparably good results with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between 13 and 16%. Further evaluation showed that forecasts over longer periods of up to 14 days are advantageous as they are possible without compromising forecast quality.
Celina Dittmer; Johannes Krümpel; Andreas Lemmer. Power demand forecasting for demand-driven energy production with biogas plants. Renewable Energy 2020, 163, 1871 -1877.
AMA StyleCelina Dittmer, Johannes Krümpel, Andreas Lemmer. Power demand forecasting for demand-driven energy production with biogas plants. Renewable Energy. 2020; 163 ():1871-1877.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCelina Dittmer; Johannes Krümpel; Andreas Lemmer. 2020. "Power demand forecasting for demand-driven energy production with biogas plants." Renewable Energy 163, no. : 1871-1877.
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of different nitrogen increase rates in feedstock on the process stability and conversion efficiency in anaerobic digestion (AD). The research was conducted in continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR), initially filled with two different inocula: inocula #1 with low and #2 with high nitrogen (N) concentrations. Three N feeding regimes were investigated: the “0-increase” feeding regime with a constant N amount in feeding and the regimes “0.25-increase” and “0.5-increase” where the N concentrations in feedstock were raised by 0.25 and 0.5 g·kg−1, respectively, related to fresh matter (FM) every second week. The N concentration inside the reactors increased according to the feeding regimes. The levels of inhibition (Inhibition) in specific methane yields (SMY), related to the conversion efficiency of the substrates, were quantified. At the N concentration in digestate of 10.82 ± 0.52 g·kg−1 FM measured in the reactors with inoculum #2 and “0.5-increase” feeding regime, the level of inhibition was equal to 38.99% ± 14.99%. The results show that high nitrogen increase rates in feeding regime are negatively related to the efficiency of the AD process, even if low volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations indicate a stable process.
Ievgeniia Morozova; Nadiia Nikulina; Hans Oechsner; Johannes Krümpel; Andreas Lemmer. Effects of Increasing Nitrogen Content on Process Stability and Reactor Performance in Anaerobic Digestion. Energies 2020, 13, 1139 .
AMA StyleIevgeniia Morozova, Nadiia Nikulina, Hans Oechsner, Johannes Krümpel, Andreas Lemmer. Effects of Increasing Nitrogen Content on Process Stability and Reactor Performance in Anaerobic Digestion. Energies. 2020; 13 (5):1139.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIevgeniia Morozova; Nadiia Nikulina; Hans Oechsner; Johannes Krümpel; Andreas Lemmer. 2020. "Effects of Increasing Nitrogen Content on Process Stability and Reactor Performance in Anaerobic Digestion." Energies 13, no. 5: 1139.
Decentralised energy from feedstock cultivated on marginal land can address various problems of many developing countries. Plants like Opuntia ficus-indica (L) Mill. (Cactaceae) and Euphorbia tirucalli L. (Euphorbiaceae) are adapted to thrive on marginal land and hence ideal for feedstock production without competing for arable land. This study explored the potential of intensive cultivation of these plants under various planting densities on marginal land blocks, each having an area of 900 m2, and compared the specific methane production potential of their biomass. Biomass samples from the wild mother plants and those from the cultivated blocks were analysed for their elemental and plant composition. The Hohenheim Biogas Test (HBT) was employed to test their biogas/methane yield potential of the biomass samples. The study showed that high density planting did not negatively affect the plant growth and biomass production. During four month growth time, the plantations at highest density (Euphorbia tirucalli at 266667 plants/ha and Opuntia ficus-indica (L) Mill. at 20.000 plants/ha) were able to generate a methane yield of approximately 1791 m³ in the case of Euphorbia tirucalli L. and 1860 m³ in the case of Opuntia ficus-indica (L) Mill. from 1 ha of marginal land.
J. Krümpel; T. George; B. Gasston; G. Francis; A. Lemmer. Suitability of Opuntia ficus-indica (L) Mill. and Euphorbia tirucalli L. as energy crops for anaerobic digestion. Journal of Arid Environments 2019, 174, 104047 .
AMA StyleJ. Krümpel, T. George, B. Gasston, G. Francis, A. Lemmer. Suitability of Opuntia ficus-indica (L) Mill. and Euphorbia tirucalli L. as energy crops for anaerobic digestion. Journal of Arid Environments. 2019; 174 ():104047.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. Krümpel; T. George; B. Gasston; G. Francis; A. Lemmer. 2019. "Suitability of Opuntia ficus-indica (L) Mill. and Euphorbia tirucalli L. as energy crops for anaerobic digestion." Journal of Arid Environments 174, no. : 104047.
Straws are agricultural residues that can be used to produce biomethane by anaerobic digestion. The methane yield of rice straw is lower than other straws. Steam explosion was investigated as a pretreatment to increase methane production. Pretreatment conditions with varying reaction times (12-30 min) and maximum temperatures (162-240 °C) were applied. The pretreated material was characterized for its composition and thermal and morphological properties. When the steam explosion was performed with a moderate severity parameter of S0 = 4.1 min, the methane yield was increased by 32% compared to untreated rice straw. This study shows that a harsher pretreatment at S0 > 4.3 min causes a drastic reduction of methane yield because inert condensation products are formed from hemicelluloses.
David Steinbach; Dominik Wüst; Simon Zielonka; Johannes Krümpel; Simon Munder; Matthias Pagel; Andrea Kruse. Steam Explosion Conditions Highly Influence the Biogas Yield of Rice Straw. Molecules 2019, 24, 3492 .
AMA StyleDavid Steinbach, Dominik Wüst, Simon Zielonka, Johannes Krümpel, Simon Munder, Matthias Pagel, Andrea Kruse. Steam Explosion Conditions Highly Influence the Biogas Yield of Rice Straw. Molecules. 2019; 24 (19):3492.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Steinbach; Dominik Wüst; Simon Zielonka; Johannes Krümpel; Simon Munder; Matthias Pagel; Andrea Kruse. 2019. "Steam Explosion Conditions Highly Influence the Biogas Yield of Rice Straw." Molecules 24, no. 19: 3492.
As a consequence of a growing share of solar and wind power, recent research on biogas production highlighted a need for demand-orientated, flexible gas production to provide grid services and enable a decentralized stabilization of the electricity infrastructure. Two-staged anaerobic digestion is particularly suitable for shifting the methane production into times of higher demand due to the spatio-temporal separation of hydrolysis and methanogenesis. To provide a basis for predicting gas production in an anaerobic filter, kinetic parameters of gas production have been determined experimentally in this study. A new methodology is used, enabling their determination during continuous operation. An order in methane production rate could be established by comparing the half lives of methane production. The order was beginning with the fastest: acetic acid>ethanol>butyric acid>iso-butyric acid>valeric acid>propionic acid>1,2propanediol>lactic acid. However, the mixture of a natural hydrolysate from the acidification tank appeared to produce methane faster than all single components tested.
Johannes Hagen Krümpel; Lukas Illi; Andreas Lemmer. Intrinsic gas production kinetics of selected intermediates in anaerobic filters for demand-orientated energy supply. Environmental Technology 2017, 39, 558 -565.
AMA StyleJohannes Hagen Krümpel, Lukas Illi, Andreas Lemmer. Intrinsic gas production kinetics of selected intermediates in anaerobic filters for demand-orientated energy supply. Environmental Technology. 2017; 39 (5):558-565.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohannes Hagen Krümpel; Lukas Illi; Andreas Lemmer. 2017. "Intrinsic gas production kinetics of selected intermediates in anaerobic filters for demand-orientated energy supply." Environmental Technology 39, no. 5: 558-565.
This study investigates methane production kinetics from individual volatile fatty acids (VFA) in an Upflow Anaerobic Filter (AF). 1gCOD in the form of acetic (HAc), propionic (HPr) or butyric acid (HBu) was injected into the AF while operating at an organic loading rate (OLRCOD) of 3.5gL(-1)d(-1). A new method is introduced to separate gas production of the baseload from the product formation of VFA degradation after the injection. The lag phase, fractional rate of gas production and half-life has been determined for the methane production of the three VFAs. The half-lives were in the order HAc
Johannes Krümpel; Friedrich Schäufele; Johannes Schneider; Thomas Jungbluth; Simon Zielonka; Andreas Lemmer. Kinetics of biogas production in Anaerobic Filters. Bioresource Technology 2016, 200, 230 -234.
AMA StyleJohannes Krümpel, Friedrich Schäufele, Johannes Schneider, Thomas Jungbluth, Simon Zielonka, Andreas Lemmer. Kinetics of biogas production in Anaerobic Filters. Bioresource Technology. 2016; 200 ():230-234.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohannes Krümpel; Friedrich Schäufele; Johannes Schneider; Thomas Jungbluth; Simon Zielonka; Andreas Lemmer. 2016. "Kinetics of biogas production in Anaerobic Filters." Bioresource Technology 200, no. : 230-234.