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From industrial clerk to Environemntal and Reaction Engineer.
Production of bio-based materials in biorefineries is coupled with the generation of organic-rich process-wastewater that requires further management. Anaerobic technologies can be employed as a tool for the rectification of such hazardous by-products. Therefore, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural process-wastewater and its components were investigated for their biodegradability in a continuous anaerobic process. The test components included 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, levulinic acid, and the full process-wastewater. Each component was injected individually into a continuously operating anaerobic filter at a concentration of 0.5 gCOD. On the basis of large discrepancies within the replicates for each component, we classified their degradation into the categories of “delayed”, “retarded”, and “inhibitory”. Inhibitory represented the replicates for all the test components that hampered the process. For the retarded degradation, their mean methane yield per 0.5 gCOD was between 21.31 ± 13.04 mL and 28.98 ± 25.38 mL. Delayed digestion was considered adequate for further assessments in which the order of conversion to methane according to specific methane yield for each component from highest to lowest was as follows: levulinic acid > furfural > 5-hydroxymethylfurfural > process-wastewater. Disparities and inconsistencies in the degradation of process-wastewater and its components can compromise process stability as a whole. Hence, the provision of energy with such feedstock is questionable.
Muhammad Khan; Johannes Krümpel; Dominik Wüst; Andreas Lemmer. Anaerobic Degradation of Individual Components from 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Process-Wastewater in Continuously Operated Fixed Bed Reactors. Processes 2021, 9, 677 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Khan, Johannes Krümpel, Dominik Wüst, Andreas Lemmer. Anaerobic Degradation of Individual Components from 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Process-Wastewater in Continuously Operated Fixed Bed Reactors. Processes. 2021; 9 (4):677.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Khan; Johannes Krümpel; Dominik Wüst; Andreas Lemmer. 2021. "Anaerobic Degradation of Individual Components from 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Process-Wastewater in Continuously Operated Fixed Bed Reactors." Processes 9, no. 4: 677.
Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) refers to the conversion of biogenic wastes into char-like solids with promising perspectives for application, but a process water (PW) results which is difficult to dispose untreated. Thus, a biorefinery approach including one or two recirculation steps with the additional objective of improving the physico-chemical characteristics of the solid was performed. During HTC, constitutive biomass molecules decompose into hundreds of organic compounds, following complex reactions. To get deeper insights a combination of proximate, ultimate and structural analysis for solid products as well as liquid chromatography for liquid products were the choice. The main reactions could be identified by key compounds of low and high molecular weight resulting from hydrolysis, dehydration, decarboxylation, deamination as well as amide formation and condensation reactions. Their intensity was influenced by the feedwater pH and reaction temperature. Reactions of Maillard character result in N-containing heterocycles incorporated into the hydrochar (HC), which promises the fabrication of high added-value materials, i.e. N-doped carbonaceous materials.
Dominik Wüst; Pablo Arauzo; Sonja Habicht; Fernando Cazana; Luca Fiori; Andrea Kruse. Process Water Recirculation During Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Promising Process Step Towards the Production of N-doped Carbonaceous Materials. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleDominik Wüst, Pablo Arauzo, Sonja Habicht, Fernando Cazana, Luca Fiori, Andrea Kruse. Process Water Recirculation During Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Promising Process Step Towards the Production of N-doped Carbonaceous Materials. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominik Wüst; Pablo Arauzo; Sonja Habicht; Fernando Cazana; Luca Fiori; Andrea Kruse. 2021. "Process Water Recirculation During Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Promising Process Step Towards the Production of N-doped Carbonaceous Materials." , no. : 1.
Straws are agricultural residues that can be used to produce biomethane by anaerobic digestion. The methane yield of rice straw is lower than other straws. Steam explosion was investigated as a pretreatment to increase methane production. Pretreatment conditions with varying reaction times (12-30 min) and maximum temperatures (162-240 °C) were applied. The pretreated material was characterized for its composition and thermal and morphological properties. When the steam explosion was performed with a moderate severity parameter of S0 = 4.1 min, the methane yield was increased by 32% compared to untreated rice straw. This study shows that a harsher pretreatment at S0 > 4.3 min causes a drastic reduction of methane yield because inert condensation products are formed from hemicelluloses.
David Steinbach; Dominik Wüst; Simon Zielonka; Johannes Krümpel; Simon Munder; Matthias Pagel; Andrea Kruse. Steam Explosion Conditions Highly Influence the Biogas Yield of Rice Straw. Molecules 2019, 24, 3492 .
AMA StyleDavid Steinbach, Dominik Wüst, Simon Zielonka, Johannes Krümpel, Simon Munder, Matthias Pagel, Andrea Kruse. Steam Explosion Conditions Highly Influence the Biogas Yield of Rice Straw. Molecules. 2019; 24 (19):3492.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Steinbach; Dominik Wüst; Simon Zielonka; Johannes Krümpel; Simon Munder; Matthias Pagel; Andrea Kruse. 2019. "Steam Explosion Conditions Highly Influence the Biogas Yield of Rice Straw." Molecules 24, no. 19: 3492.
Dominik Wüst; Catalina Rodriguez Correa; Dennis Jung; Michael Zimmermann; Andrea Kruse; Luca Fiori. Understanding the influence of biomass particle size and reaction medium on the formation pathways of hydrochar. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2019, 10, 1357 -1380.
AMA StyleDominik Wüst, Catalina Rodriguez Correa, Dennis Jung, Michael Zimmermann, Andrea Kruse, Luca Fiori. Understanding the influence of biomass particle size and reaction medium on the formation pathways of hydrochar. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2019; 10 (4):1357-1380.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominik Wüst; Catalina Rodriguez Correa; Dennis Jung; Michael Zimmermann; Andrea Kruse; Luca Fiori. 2019. "Understanding the influence of biomass particle size and reaction medium on the formation pathways of hydrochar." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 10, no. 4: 1357-1380.
Human faeces from a dry toilet are converted via hydrothermal carbonization to obtain a sterilized carbonaceous material. During this process the original material undergoes consecutively hydrolysis, water elimination and polymerization reactions. Consequently, the oxygen content is reduced, leading to a material with a better dewaterability and an attractive higher heating value (HHV = 22–28 MJ kg−1). The influence of pH-value, set by the addition of citric acid, the reaction time and the reaction temperature are investigated. By thermogravimetric analysis it is shown that especially higher acid concentration as well as higher reaction temperatures and longer reaction times are necessary to fully convert the feedstock into a stable carbon-rich material. As pathogens are destroyed by hydrothermal carbonization, nutrient recovery becomes a relevant aspect. The analysis shows that alkali salts such as sodium and potassium are dissolved in the aqueous phase, but an important proportion of the phosphorus and nitrogen remain in the hydrochar. This finding is the basis for phosphorus recycling or to produce an organic fertilizer.
Dominik Wüst; Catalina Rodriguez Correa; Kay Uwe Suwelack; Hermann Köhler; Andrea Kruse. Hydrothermal carbonization of dry toilet residues as an added-value strategy – Investigation of process parameters. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 234, 537 -545.
AMA StyleDominik Wüst, Catalina Rodriguez Correa, Kay Uwe Suwelack, Hermann Köhler, Andrea Kruse. Hydrothermal carbonization of dry toilet residues as an added-value strategy – Investigation of process parameters. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 234 ():537-545.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominik Wüst; Catalina Rodriguez Correa; Kay Uwe Suwelack; Hermann Köhler; Andrea Kruse. 2019. "Hydrothermal carbonization of dry toilet residues as an added-value strategy – Investigation of process parameters." Journal of Environmental Management 234, no. : 537-545.
An olive waste stream mixture, coming from a three phase-continuous centrifugation olive oil mill industry, with a typical wet basis mass composition of olive pulp 39 wt%, kernels 5 wt% and olive mill waste water 56 wt%, was subjected to hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) at 180, 220 and 250 °C for a 3-hour residence time in a 2-litre stainless steel electrically heated batch reactor. The raw feedstock and corresponding hydrochars were characterised in terms of proximate and ultimate analyses, higher heating values and energy properties. Results showed an increase in carbonisation of samples with increasing HTC severity and an energy densification ratio up to 142% (at 250 °C). Hydrochar obtained at 250 °C was successfully pelletised using a lab scale pelletiser without binders or expensive drying procedures. Energy characterisation (HHV, TGA), ATR-FTIR analysis, fouling index evaluation and pelletisation results suggested that olive mill waste hydrochars could be used as energy dense and mechanical stable bio-fuels. Characterisation of HTC residues in terms of mineral content via induced coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) as well as Total and Dissolved Organic Carbon enabled to evaluate their potential use as soil improvers. Nutrients and polyphenolic compounds in HTC liquid fractions were evaluated for the estimation of their potential use as liquid fertilisers. Results showed that HTC could represent a viable route for the valorisation of olive mill industry waste streams.
Maurizio Volpe; Dominik Wüst; Fabio Merzari; Michela Lucian; Gianni Andreottola; Andrea Kruse; Luca Fiori. One stage olive mill waste streams valorisation via hydrothermal carbonisation. Waste Management 2018, 80, 224 -234.
AMA StyleMaurizio Volpe, Dominik Wüst, Fabio Merzari, Michela Lucian, Gianni Andreottola, Andrea Kruse, Luca Fiori. One stage olive mill waste streams valorisation via hydrothermal carbonisation. Waste Management. 2018; 80 ():224-234.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaurizio Volpe; Dominik Wüst; Fabio Merzari; Michela Lucian; Gianni Andreottola; Andrea Kruse; Luca Fiori. 2018. "One stage olive mill waste streams valorisation via hydrothermal carbonisation." Waste Management 80, no. : 224-234.
The amendment of biochar to agricultural soils is presumed to mitigate global warming through long-term carbon (C) sequestration. In addition, biochar may support microbial biomass and diversity as well as plant growth by the improvement of soil properties. So far, no information is available on the stability of biochar and the effects of biochar on soil microbial and plant properties under predicted soil warming at the field scale. We investigated the impacts of biochar addition (Miscanthus pyrochar, 30 t ha−1, August 2013) and long-term soil warming (+2.5 °C, since July 2008) and their interactive effects on microbial biochar-C utilization and physical, chemical and microbial soil properties of a silty-loamy stagnic Luvisol in a temperate agroecosystem (Stuttgart, Germany) over one year under winter rapeseed (Brassica napus). Three months after biochar application (November 2013), microbial abundances remained unaffected, indicating that readily available C from fresh biochar had been consumed before sampling. However, we found evidence for initial decomposition of more recalcitrant biochar-C by fungi under soil warming after three months. We suggest that the added biochar was very stable, since increased biochar degradation by fungi could not be detected after seven and twelve months. Nevertheless, during spring 2014, biochar reduced water loss in warmed soil by 16 % and decreased negative effects of soil dryness on microbial abundances by up to 80 %. In addition, the positive effect of biochar on soil moisture affected canopy height of winter rapeseed in the non-warmed plots in the early growth stages, although it did not change the final aboveground biomass in the first year after biochar application. Overall, biochar could be an appropriate tool for C sequestration by improving or maintaining soil fertility and productivity in temperate agroecosystems under future elevated temperature
Chris Bamminger; Christian Poll; Christina Sixt; Petra Högy; Dominik Wüst; Ellen Kandeler; Sven Marhan. Short-term response of soil microorganisms to biochar addition in a temperate agroecosystem under soil warming. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 2016, 233, 308 -317.
AMA StyleChris Bamminger, Christian Poll, Christina Sixt, Petra Högy, Dominik Wüst, Ellen Kandeler, Sven Marhan. Short-term response of soil microorganisms to biochar addition in a temperate agroecosystem under soil warming. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2016; 233 ():308-317.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChris Bamminger; Christian Poll; Christina Sixt; Petra Högy; Dominik Wüst; Ellen Kandeler; Sven Marhan. 2016. "Short-term response of soil microorganisms to biochar addition in a temperate agroecosystem under soil warming." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 233, no. : 308-317.
Carrot green, the algae Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and straw as representatives for different types of biomass are converted by hydrothermal conversion. The amount of nitrogen remaining in the hydrochar as well as in the aqueous phase is determined, and the amount of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia in the process water is analyzed. The nitrogen content of hydrochar has an significant impact on the properties of hydrochar; therefore, a control of the nitrogen content would be useful to design hydrochar for different applications. With regard to the fate of nitrogen, the different biomass feedstocks show significant differences as a result of the different chemical nature of nitrogen compounds in the feedstock. A complete removal of nitrogen from the hydrochar could not be achieved. In contrast, wood incorporates nitrogen when impregnated with the amino acid cysteine during hydrothermal carbonization.
Andrea Kruse; Florian Koch; Katharina Stelzl; Dominik Wüst; Meret Zeller. Fate of Nitrogen during Hydrothermal Carbonization. Energy & Fuels 2016, 30, 8037 -8042.
AMA StyleAndrea Kruse, Florian Koch, Katharina Stelzl, Dominik Wüst, Meret Zeller. Fate of Nitrogen during Hydrothermal Carbonization. Energy & Fuels. 2016; 30 (10):8037-8042.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Kruse; Florian Koch; Katharina Stelzl; Dominik Wüst; Meret Zeller. 2016. "Fate of Nitrogen during Hydrothermal Carbonization." Energy & Fuels 30, no. 10: 8037-8042.
The need for a unified appraisal framework for biomass and bioenergy has been extensively discussed in literature. It is emphasized that a working unified appraisal framework can essentially improve bioenergy policymaking by offering a structured and transparent approach to tackle the bioenergy trilemma and to work out whether or not a certain biomass conversion technology or system should be implemented (always in direct comparison to others). Further, such an approach could be used to better examine the interdependencies of the single elements of the triple bottom line of sustainability (economy, environment, society). This also would lead to the improvement of existing and future policies and would give bioenergy a better foundation within the ethical debate by transparently showing the trade-offs between economy, environment and society. This paper drafts a unified appraisal framework for biomass conversion systems that integrates different approaches on the data, impact and decision making level. On the bottom line the proposed architecture in total addresses all relevant requirements from literature and fits well into the valuable work that has been done previously.
Kay Suwelack; Dominik Wüst. An approach to unify the appraisal framework for biomass conversion systems. Biomass and Bioenergy 2015, 83, 354 -365.
AMA StyleKay Suwelack, Dominik Wüst. An approach to unify the appraisal framework for biomass conversion systems. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2015; 83 ():354-365.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKay Suwelack; Dominik Wüst. 2015. "An approach to unify the appraisal framework for biomass conversion systems." Biomass and Bioenergy 83, no. : 354-365.
The product yields of hydrothermal carbonization of wheat straw as well as the degree of carbonization are quantified as functions of process parameters by using a severity approach. The process severity was calculated from temperature, retention time, and catalyst concentration. Data gained from batch experiments (190–245 °C, 150–570 min) were used to fit the model parameters. By these models, basing on few selected reaction conditions, a wide range of process conditions can be covered and the yields for the solid, solved organic, and gaseous product phase can be predicted. Moreover, the paper delivers model equations for the prediction of the H/C and O/C ratios for the solid product phase. Such model equations can be used for process optimization and for valid LCA calculations
Kay Suwelack; Dominik Wüst; Meret Zeller; Andrea Kruse; Johannes Krümpel. Hydrothermal carbonization of wheat straw—prediction of product mass yields and degree of carbonization by severity parameter. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2015, 6, 347 -354.
AMA StyleKay Suwelack, Dominik Wüst, Meret Zeller, Andrea Kruse, Johannes Krümpel. Hydrothermal carbonization of wheat straw—prediction of product mass yields and degree of carbonization by severity parameter. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2015; 6 (3):347-354.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKay Suwelack; Dominik Wüst; Meret Zeller; Andrea Kruse; Johannes Krümpel. 2015. "Hydrothermal carbonization of wheat straw—prediction of product mass yields and degree of carbonization by severity parameter." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 6, no. 3: 347-354.
The product yields of hydrothermal carbonization of digestate as well as the degree of carbonization of hydrochar are quantified as functions of process parameters by using a severity approach. In contrast to other studies, a logarithmic dependence on process severity was applied. Process severity itself was calculated from temperature, retention time and catalyst concentration. Data gained from batch experiments (190–245 °C, 140–560 min) was used to fit the model parameters. By these models basing on few selected reaction conditions, a wide range of process conditions can be covered and the yields for the solid, liquid and gaseous product phase can be predicted. Moreover, the paper delivers model equations for the prediction of the H/C and O/C ratios for the solid product phase. Such model equations can be used for process optimization and are the foundation for proper LCA calculations. For the first time, the quantitative impact of the difference in reaction conditions on the product phase yield is described and analysed.
Kay Uwe Suwelack; Dominik Wüst; Philipp Fleischmann; Andrea Kruse. Prediction of gaseous, liquid and solid mass yields from hydrothermal carbonization of biogas digestate by severity parameter. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2015, 6, 151 -160.
AMA StyleKay Uwe Suwelack, Dominik Wüst, Philipp Fleischmann, Andrea Kruse. Prediction of gaseous, liquid and solid mass yields from hydrothermal carbonization of biogas digestate by severity parameter. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2015; 6 (2):151-160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKay Uwe Suwelack; Dominik Wüst; Philipp Fleischmann; Andrea Kruse. 2015. "Prediction of gaseous, liquid and solid mass yields from hydrothermal carbonization of biogas digestate by severity parameter." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 6, no. 2: 151-160.
Pyrolysis liquids consist of thermal degradation products of biomass in various stages of its decomposition. Therefore, if biochar gets affected by re-condensed pyrolysis liquids it is likely to contain a huge variety of organic compounds. In this study the chemical composition of such compounds associated with two contaminated, high-volatile organic compound (VOC) biochars were investigated and compared with those for a low-VOC biochar. The water-soluble organic compounds with the highest concentrations in the two high-VOC biochars were acetic, formic, butyric and propionic acids; methanol, phenol, o-, m- and p-cresol, and 2,4-dimethylphenol, all with concentrations over 100 μg g(-1). The concentrations of 16 US EPA PAHs determined by 36 h toluene extractions were 6.09 μg g(-1) for the low-VOC biochar. For high-VOC biochar the total concentrations were 53.42 μg g(-1) and 27.89 μg g(-1), while concentrations of water-soluble PAHs ranged from 1.5 to 2 μg g(-1). Despite the concentrations of PAHs exceeding biochar guideline values, it was concluded that, for these particular biochars, the biggest concern for application to soil would be the co-occurrence of VOCs such as low molecular weight (LMW) organic acids and phenols, as these can be highly mobile and have a high potential to cause phytotoxic effects. Therefore, based on results of this study we strongly suggest for VOCs to be included among criteria for assessment of biochar quality.
Wolfram Buss; Ondřej Mašek; Margaret Graham; Dominik Wüst. Inherent organic compounds in biochar–Their content, composition and potential toxic effects. Journal of Environmental Management 2015, 156, 150 -157.
AMA StyleWolfram Buss, Ondřej Mašek, Margaret Graham, Dominik Wüst. Inherent organic compounds in biochar–Their content, composition and potential toxic effects. Journal of Environmental Management. 2015; 156 ():150-157.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWolfram Buss; Ondřej Mašek; Margaret Graham; Dominik Wüst. 2015. "Inherent organic compounds in biochar–Their content, composition and potential toxic effects." Journal of Environmental Management 156, no. : 150-157.
Die hydrothermale Karbonisierung ist ein vielversprechendes Verfahren, um kohlenstoffreiche Produkte für vielfältige Anwendungen, z. B. als Ersatz für fossile Kohle in Kraftwerken, herzustellen. Die Abnahme des Sauerstoffgehaltes als wesentliches Kriterium für die fortschreitende Karbonisierung wurde am Beispiel von Biertreber als Ausgangstoff untersucht und mit zwei einfachen kinetischen Ansätzen beschrieben. Dabei konnte aufgrund der Zusammensetzung des Produktes zwischen der Karbonisierung durch Kohlendioxid‐ bzw. Wasser‐Abspaltung unterschieden werden. The hydrothermal carbonization is a promising process to produce carbon‐rich products for different application, e. g. as substitute for fossil coal in power plants. The decrease of the oxygen content as main indication of proceeding carbonization is exemplary investigated with draff as feedstock and described by two simple kinetic approaches. By the product composition a distinction between carbonization by carbon dioxide‐ and water elimination, respectively, was possible.
Andrea Kruse; François Badoux; Robert Grandl; Dominik Wüst. Hydrothermale Karbonisierung: 2. Kinetik der Biertreber-Umwandlung. Chemie Ingenieur Technik 2012, 84, 509 -512.
AMA StyleAndrea Kruse, François Badoux, Robert Grandl, Dominik Wüst. Hydrothermale Karbonisierung: 2. Kinetik der Biertreber-Umwandlung. Chemie Ingenieur Technik. 2012; 84 (4):509-512.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrea Kruse; François Badoux; Robert Grandl; Dominik Wüst. 2012. "Hydrothermale Karbonisierung: 2. Kinetik der Biertreber-Umwandlung." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 84, no. 4: 509-512.
In the recent years hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has become subject to research again and therefore to numerous scientific publications. To date most of this research revolves around the chemical and technical optimization of the HTC process itself, HTC of different biomasses, and the entire spectrum of hydrochar application. A current search reveals, that only very little has been published on the economics of HTC. This is mostly due to the fact, that reliable economic assessments need to be done on the basis of well-defined technical processes and erecting of larger scaled research/commercial plants has even begun within the last couple of years. In this sense the paper at hand analyses the economic viability of hybrid anaerobic digestion (AD) and HTC plants taking into account that there are a number of interesting synergies that can be realized by combining these different types of bioenergy plants.
K. Suwelack; N. Dostert; Dominik Wüst; A. Kruse. Economics of Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biogas Digestate in a Hybrid AD-HTC Plant. European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings 2021, 24th EUBCE, 1143 -1148.
AMA StyleK. Suwelack, N. Dostert, Dominik Wüst, A. Kruse. Economics of Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biogas Digestate in a Hybrid AD-HTC Plant. European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings. 2021; 24th EUBCE ():1143-1148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleK. Suwelack; N. Dostert; Dominik Wüst; A. Kruse. 2021. "Economics of Hydrothermal Carbonization of Biogas Digestate in a Hybrid AD-HTC Plant." European Biomass Conference and Exhibition Proceedings 24th EUBCE, no. : 1143-1148.