This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Snow is among the most reflective of natural surfaces on Earth and in its reflectance, also known as snow surface albedo (SSA), a small SSA decrease can increase its absorption of solar energy. Also, climate models indicate that the reduction of SSA contributes to global warming and near-worldwide melting of cryosphere. The snowpack through South America (SA) is mainly associated to the Andes mountain range, which geologically extends 9000 km approx. from the tropical region (11°N) to the Antarctandes (76°S) in the Antarctic. There, snow is an important source of fresh water for more than 80 million people who live in the 9 countries where this mountain passes. In this study we have analyzed the SSA trend. For that, in accordance with the division proposed by Dussaillant et al. (2019), we have divided the study area into 8 zones: Inner Tropics (11°N-5°S), Outer Tropics (5°S-18°S), Desert Andes (18° S-31°S), Central Andes (31°S-37°S), North Patagonia (37°S-46°S), South Patagonia (46°S-54°S), Fuegian Andes (54°S- 56°S), and Antarctandes (63°S- 76°S). We used daily data of SSA available from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the NASA Terra and Aqua satellites for the last 20 years (Mar 2000 to Feb 2020). The results show that the greatest negative inter and intra-annual trends (i.e. is a decrease in SSA) during the last 20 years were observed in the Central Andes (April, -5.76%; p <0.001), North Patagonia (Nov, -2.33%; p <0.05) and Fuegian Andes (Oct, -1.73%; p <0.05). While the greatest positive variations were detected in Antarctandes (May, 4.76%; p <0.001), Fuegian Andes (Dec, 4%; p <0.05), and Outer Tropics (Dec, 1.67%; p <0.01). The highest SSA decrease observed in the Central Andes is consistent with previous studies carried out by the authors that have shown an association between light-absorbing particles with SSA decrease in various basins there. Our results could serve to better understand the radiative forcing changes generated in the SA cryosphere and its effects on climate change.
Tomás R Bolaño-Ortiz; Maria Ruggeri; Lucas Luciano Berná Peña; S. Enrique Puliafito; Francisco Cereceda-Balic. Snow surface albedo changes in the last two decades across the South America (11°N-76°S): Some highlights revealed by satellite observations. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleTomás R Bolaño-Ortiz, Maria Ruggeri, Lucas Luciano Berná Peña, S. Enrique Puliafito, Francisco Cereceda-Balic. Snow surface albedo changes in the last two decades across the South America (11°N-76°S): Some highlights revealed by satellite observations. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomás R Bolaño-Ortiz; Maria Ruggeri; Lucas Luciano Berná Peña; S. Enrique Puliafito; Francisco Cereceda-Balic. 2021. "Snow surface albedo changes in the last two decades across the South America (11°N-76°S): Some highlights revealed by satellite observations." , no. : 1.
S. Enrique Puliafito; Tomás R. Bolaño-Ortiz; Rafael P. Fernandez; Lucas L. Berná; Romina M. Pascual-Flores; Josefina Urquiza; Ana I. López-Noreña; María F. Tames. Supplementary material to "High resolution seasonal and decadal inventory of anthropic gas-phase and particle emissions for Argentina". 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleS. Enrique Puliafito, Tomás R. Bolaño-Ortiz, Rafael P. Fernandez, Lucas L. Berná, Romina M. Pascual-Flores, Josefina Urquiza, Ana I. López-Noreña, María F. Tames. Supplementary material to "High resolution seasonal and decadal inventory of anthropic gas-phase and particle emissions for Argentina". . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Enrique Puliafito; Tomás R. Bolaño-Ortiz; Rafael P. Fernandez; Lucas L. Berná; Romina M. Pascual-Flores; Josefina Urquiza; Ana I. López-Noreña; María F. Tames. 2021. "Supplementary material to "High resolution seasonal and decadal inventory of anthropic gas-phase and particle emissions for Argentina"." , no. : 1.
This work presents the integration of a gas-phase and particulate atmospheric emission inventory (AEI) for Argentina in high spatial resolution (0.025° × 0.025°; approx. 2.5 km × 2.5 km) considering monthly variability from 1995 to 2020. The new inventory, called GEAA-AEIv3.0M, includes the following activities: energy production, fugitive emissions from oil and gas production, industrial fuel consumption and production, transport -road, maritime and air-, agriculture, livestock production, manufacturing, residential, commercial and biomass + agricultural-waste burning. The following species, grouped by atmospheric reactivity, are considered: i) Greenhouse Gases (GHG): CO2, CH4 and N2O; ii) Ozone Precursors: CO, NOx (NO + NO2) and Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOC); iii) Acidifying Gases: NH3 and SO2; and iv) Particulate Matter (PM): PM10, PM2.5, Total Suspended Particle (TSP) and Black-Carbon (BC). The main objective of the GEAA-AEIv3.0M high-resolution emission inventory is to provide temporal resolved emission maps to support air quality and climate modeling oriented to evaluate pollutant mitigation strategies by local governments. This is of major concern especially in countries where air quality monitoring networks are scarce, and the development of regional and seasonal emissions inventories would result in remarkable improvements in the time + space chemical prediction achieved by air quality models. Despite distinguishing among different sectoral and activity databases as well as introducing a novel spatial distribution approach based on census radii, our high-resolution GEAA-AEIv3.0M show equivalent national-wide total emissions compared to the Third National Communication of Argentina (TNCA), which compiles annual GHG emissions from 1990 through 2014 (agreement within ±4 %). However, the GEAA-AEIv3.0M includes acidifying gases and PM species not considered in TNCA. Spatial and temporal comparisons were also performed against EDGAR HTAPv5.0 inventory for several pollutants. The agreement was acceptable within less than 30 % for most of the pollutants and activities, although a > 90 % discrepancy was obtained for methane from fuel production and fugitive emissions and > 120 % for biomass burning. Finally, the updated seasonal series clearly showed the pollution reduction due to the COVID-19 lockdown during the first quarter of year 2020 with respect to same months in previous years. Through an open access data repository, we present the GEAA-AEIv3.0M inventory, as the largest and more detailed spatial resolution dataset for the Argentine Republic, which includes monthly gridded emissions for 12 species and 15 sectors between 1995 and 2020. The datasets are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/d6xrhpmzdp.1, under a CC-BY 4 license (Puliafito et al., 2021).
S. Enrique Puliafito; Tomás R. Bolaño-Ortiz; Rafael P. Fernandez; Lucas L. Berná; Romina M. Pascual-Flores; Josefina Urquiza; Ana I. López-Noreña; María F. Tames. High resolution seasonal and decadal inventory of anthropic gas-phase and particle emissions for Argentina. 2021, 2021, 1 -56.
AMA StyleS. Enrique Puliafito, Tomás R. Bolaño-Ortiz, Rafael P. Fernandez, Lucas L. Berná, Romina M. Pascual-Flores, Josefina Urquiza, Ana I. López-Noreña, María F. Tames. High resolution seasonal and decadal inventory of anthropic gas-phase and particle emissions for Argentina. . 2021; 2021 ():1-56.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Enrique Puliafito; Tomás R. Bolaño-Ortiz; Rafael P. Fernandez; Lucas L. Berná; Romina M. Pascual-Flores; Josefina Urquiza; Ana I. López-Noreña; María F. Tames. 2021. "High resolution seasonal and decadal inventory of anthropic gas-phase and particle emissions for Argentina." 2021, no. : 1-56.
The online-coupled Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem v4.0), was applied to evaluate the impact of using different anthropogenic emissions inventories on regional air quality in Argentina. For this purpose, we couple the Argentinian high-resolution emissions inventory (GEAA-AHRI) and the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research – Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (EDGAR-HTAP) and introduce them into the model, with a local optimized configuration considering 3 nested domains with a horizontal grid size of 20 x 20 km, 4 x 4 km, and 1.3 x 1.3 km and the MOZART chemical scheme. The model output for NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and O3 concentrations over the innermost domain was compared against the existing surface and satellite-derived observations for the Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area (AMBA) during austral fall 2018. We found an overall good model performance for all simulations, and large discrepancies between the emission inventories, obtaining an improved urban-scale spatio-temporal representation when the high resolution GEAA-AHRI dataset is considered. Our results show that the daytime concentrations of air pollutants are strongly influenced by the shape and shift of the hourly emissions profile before sunrise and after sunset, especially for NO2 where the inclusion of the temporal profile decreased the mean bias by ~80%. Performance criteria for modeled PM10 and PM2.5 were in general satisfied, despite having an average underestimation of observations. When compared to NO2 tropospheric columns derived from TROPOMI, The general magnitude and spatial pattern of the NO2 tropospheric column is in agreement with the mean TROPOMI columns during the modeled period, obtaining correlation coefficients higher than 0.6 for all simulations. Our results highlight the benefits of using a time-dependent and high-resolution local inventory for addressing the background air quality in AMBA. The implementation and validation of local emissions and static fields with high spatial and temporal resolution carried out in this work, establishes a benchmark for forthcoming studies in other regions of South America where different modeling tools for air quality analysis are currently being used to complement the usually sparse and discontinuous air quality networks.
Ana Isabel Lopez-Noreña; Lucas Berná; María Florencia Tames; Emmanuel Millán; Enrique Puliafito; Rafael Pedro Fernandez. Evaluation of NO2, O3, PM10, and PM2.5 in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina using WRF-Chem model. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAna Isabel Lopez-Noreña, Lucas Berná, María Florencia Tames, Emmanuel Millán, Enrique Puliafito, Rafael Pedro Fernandez. Evaluation of NO2, O3, PM10, and PM2.5 in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina using WRF-Chem model. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Isabel Lopez-Noreña; Lucas Berná; María Florencia Tames; Emmanuel Millán; Enrique Puliafito; Rafael Pedro Fernandez. 2021. "Evaluation of NO2, O3, PM10, and PM2.5 in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina using WRF-Chem model." , no. : 1.
In the framework of the SouthTRAC Campaign (Transport and Composition of the Southern Hemisphere Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere) based on Rio Grande, Argentina, a local research group from CONICET (Argentine National Research Council) joined the German consortium maintaining the HALO research aircraft (High-Altitude and LOng-range aircraft) to help with the flight planning and evaluation of the chemical composition of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere within the ozone hole periphery. The SouthTRAC aircraft campaign was carried out in two phases which took place in September and November 2019, respectively. With the purpose of providing additional information of the atmospheric composition of brominated Very Short-Lived (VSLBr) species and compare with HALO observations during the transfer and campaign flights, a CAM-Chem (Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry) global chemistry-climate simulation was conducted. The model setup used in the halogenated CAM-Chem simulation had a 1° x 1.25° lat-lon resolution, 56 hybrid vertical levels from the surface to the middle stratosphere and considered assimilated meteorology from MERRA, including an explicit treatment of VSLBr sources and chemistry. Model output of VSLBr, long-lived bromine and chlorine (LLBr and LLCl) species and ozone mixing ratios, as well as the main inorganic halogen reactive and reservoir species and gas/heterogeneous phase reaction rates affecting lowermost stratospheric ozone were analyzed in horizontal domains and vertical cross-sections across each flightpath. The model performance with respect to the HALO observations has a general good agreement, presenting better results for mid latitudes (between 30º S and 50º S) than for southern latitudes (>50º S). In particular, CAM-Chem timeseries consistently reproduced the spatio-temporal variation of the main VSLBr species (CH2Br2 and CHBr3), including the sharp variations observed across the tropopause. For both VSLBr as well as for LLCl compounds such as CFC-12, the Pearson correlation coefficient r obtained during each of the flights ranged between 0.7 and 0.9, while the Normalized Mean Bias (NMB) was smaller than 8% for almost every flight. Regarding LLBr CH3Br, the correlation with the aircraft observations is high (r>0.9) but the inter-hemispheric variability during transfer flights is not fully captured. For Ozone, the model presents mid to high correlation with respect to measures (0.5
Lucas Berná; Ana Isabel Lopez-Noreña; Enrique Puliafito; Javier Alejandro Barrera; Andreas Engel; Markus Jesswein; Carlos Alberto Cuevas; Alfonso Saiz-Lopez; Rafael Pedro Fernandez. Evaluation of CAM-Chem VSLBr model performance during SouthTRAC campaign. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleLucas Berná, Ana Isabel Lopez-Noreña, Enrique Puliafito, Javier Alejandro Barrera, Andreas Engel, Markus Jesswein, Carlos Alberto Cuevas, Alfonso Saiz-Lopez, Rafael Pedro Fernandez. Evaluation of CAM-Chem VSLBr model performance during SouthTRAC campaign. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLucas Berná; Ana Isabel Lopez-Noreña; Enrique Puliafito; Javier Alejandro Barrera; Andreas Engel; Markus Jesswein; Carlos Alberto Cuevas; Alfonso Saiz-Lopez; Rafael Pedro Fernandez. 2021. "Evaluation of CAM-Chem VSLBr model performance during SouthTRAC campaign." , no. : 1.
Methane emissions have very important effect on global radiative forcing. Therefore, reducing these emissions has been proposed as an effective short-term strategy to mitigate global warming, in parallel with reductions in long-lived carbon dioxide (CO2) for long- term temperature stabilizations. In this context, Argentina emits 3645 Gg of CH4 mainly from livestock production, biomass burning and natural gas production. Since 2018, TROPOMI instruments provide global coverage on methane column-average mole fraction of dry air (XCH4), and height profiles of methane concentrations. We compare two available methane inventory: a national (a high resolution of own ellaboration: GEAA) and an international (EDGAR) emissions database with TROPOMI measurements. By performing inverse satellite retrieval we evaluate the ability of remote sensing information to detect possible hotspot methane emissions and compare these results with the two inventories. From these analyzes, we observe that the latitudinal averages of the continental sector increase at a rate of 10 ppb/degree, from south to north, while the maritime sector remains constant. From a temporary perspective, the average monthly concentration amplitude range varies 40 to 50 ppb, with minimum values in March and maximum values in September.
S. E. Puliafito; L. Berná; A. Lopez-Noreña; R. Pascual; T. Bolaño-Ortiz. ATMOSPHERIC METHANE EMISSIONS FOR ARGENTINA. COMPARISON WITH TROPOMI SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 2020, IV-3/W2-20, 107 -112.
AMA StyleS. E. Puliafito, L. Berná, A. Lopez-Noreña, R. Pascual, T. Bolaño-Ortiz. ATMOSPHERIC METHANE EMISSIONS FOR ARGENTINA. COMPARISON WITH TROPOMI SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS. ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2020; IV-3/W2-20 ():107-112.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. E. Puliafito; L. Berná; A. Lopez-Noreña; R. Pascual; T. Bolaño-Ortiz. 2020. "ATMOSPHERIC METHANE EMISSIONS FOR ARGENTINA. COMPARISON WITH TROPOMI SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-3/W2-20, no. : 107-112.
This work studied the emission changes and their economic effects during the Argentina’s COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. We have analyzed the atmospheric emissions of the main greenhouse gases (GHG: CO2, CH4, and N2O) and other pollutants (NOx, CO, NMVOC, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, and BC) from various sectors such as private road transport, freight, public transport, agriculture machines, thermal power plants, residential, commercial, and governmental from January 2005 to April 2020. We focused on the months with the greatest restrictions of COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina (March and April 2020). The results show emissions reduction up to 37% for PM10, PM2.5, and BC, consistent with observed from satellite images and up to 160% for NOx, CO, NMVOC, and SOx. However, the residential sector has increased their emissions by 8% for the same period. As a consequence, 3337 Gg of CO2eq of GHG emissions were reduced, corresponding to a 20% reduction compared to the same period in 2019. Besides, a 26% reduction in gross domestic product (GDP) was observed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that each Tg of GHG reduction was associated to a 0.16% reduction of the GDP from the analyzed sectors. Thus, without a voluntary reduction in consumption associated to significant cultural and technological changes, reduction in GHG would still be associated with deepening inequalities and asymmetries between high and low consumption sectors (i.e., with better (lesser) education, health, and job opportunities), even within countries and cities.
Tomás Bolaño-Ortiz; S. Puliafito; Lucas Berná-Peña; Romina Pascual-Flores; Josefina Urquiza; Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo. Atmospheric Emission Changes and Their Economic Impacts During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Argentina. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8661 .
AMA StyleTomás Bolaño-Ortiz, S. Puliafito, Lucas Berná-Peña, Romina Pascual-Flores, Josefina Urquiza, Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo. Atmospheric Emission Changes and Their Economic Impacts During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Argentina. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8661.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomás Bolaño-Ortiz; S. Puliafito; Lucas Berná-Peña; Romina Pascual-Flores; Josefina Urquiza; Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo. 2020. "Atmospheric Emission Changes and Their Economic Impacts During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Argentina." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8661.
This work studied the spread of COVID-19, the meteorological conditions and the air quality in a megacity from two viewpoints: (1) the correlation between meteorological and air quality (PM10 and NO2) variables with infections and deaths due COVID-19, and (2) the improvement in air quality. Both analyses were performed for the pandemic lockdown due to COVID-19 in the City of Buenos Aires (CABA), the capital and the largest city in Argentina. Daily data from temperature, rainfall, average relative humidity, wind speed, PM10, NO2, new cases and deaths due COVID-19 were analyzed. Our findings showed a significant correlation of meteorological and air quality variables with COVID-19 cases. The highest temperature correlation occurred before the confirmation day of new cases. PM10 presented the highest correlation within 13 to 15 days lag, while NO2 within 3 to 6 days lag. Also, reductions in PM10 and NO2 were observed. This study shows that exposure to air pollution was significantly correlated with an increased risk of becoming infected and dying due to COVID-19. Thus, these results show that the NO2 and PM10 levels in CABA can serve as one of the indicators to assess vulnerability to COVID-19. In addition, decision-makers can use this information to adopt strategies to restrict human mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic and future outbreaks of similar diseases in CABA.
Tomás Bolaño-Ortiz; Romina Pascual-Flores; S. Puliafito; Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo; Lucas Berná-Peña; María Ruggeri; Ana Lopez-Noreña; María Tames; Francisco Cereceda-Balic. Spread of COVID-19, Meteorological Conditions and Air Quality in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina: Two Facets Observed during Its Pandemic Lockdown. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 1045 .
AMA StyleTomás Bolaño-Ortiz, Romina Pascual-Flores, S. Puliafito, Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo, Lucas Berná-Peña, María Ruggeri, Ana Lopez-Noreña, María Tames, Francisco Cereceda-Balic. Spread of COVID-19, Meteorological Conditions and Air Quality in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina: Two Facets Observed during Its Pandemic Lockdown. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (10):1045.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomás Bolaño-Ortiz; Romina Pascual-Flores; S. Puliafito; Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo; Lucas Berná-Peña; María Ruggeri; Ana Lopez-Noreña; María Tames; Francisco Cereceda-Balic. 2020. "Spread of COVID-19, Meteorological Conditions and Air Quality in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina: Two Facets Observed during Its Pandemic Lockdown." Atmosphere 11, no. 10: 1045.