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The aim of this work was to analyze the changes in the emissions from the transport sector during the COVID-19 lockdown in Colombia. We compared estimated emissions from road transportation of four groups of pollutants, namely, greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O), ozone precursor gases (CO, NMVOC, NOx), aerosols (BC, PM2.5, PM10), and acidifying gases (NH3, SO2), during the first half of 2020 with values obtained in the same period of 2018. The estimate of emissions from road transportation was determined using a standardized methodology consistent with the 2006 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the European Environment Agency/European Monitoring and Evaluation Program. We found a substantial reduction in GHG emissions for CH4, N2O, and CO2 by 17%, 21%, and 28%, respectively. The ozone precursors CO and NMVOC presented a decrease of 21% and 22%, respectively, while NOx emissions were reduced up to 15% for the study period. In addition, BC decreased 15%, and there was a reduction of 17% for both PM10 and PM2.5 emissions. Finally, acidifying gases presented negative variations of 19% for SO2 and 23% for NH3 emissions. Furthermore, these results were consistent with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite observations and measurements at air quality stations. Our results suggest that the largest decreases were due to the reduction in the burning of gasoline and diesel oil from the transport sector during the COVID-19 lockdown. These results can serve decision makers in adopting strategies to improve air quality related to the analyzed sector.
Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo; Laura Mantilla-Romo; Tomás Bolaño-Ortiz. Emissions reduction of Greenhouse Gases, Ozone Precursors, Aerosols and Acidifying Gases from Road Transportation during the COVID-19 lockdown in Colombia. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 1458 .
AMA StyleYiniva Camargo-Caicedo, Laura Mantilla-Romo, Tomás Bolaño-Ortiz. Emissions reduction of Greenhouse Gases, Ozone Precursors, Aerosols and Acidifying Gases from Road Transportation during the COVID-19 lockdown in Colombia. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (4):1458.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYiniva Camargo-Caicedo; Laura Mantilla-Romo; Tomás Bolaño-Ortiz. 2021. "Emissions reduction of Greenhouse Gases, Ozone Precursors, Aerosols and Acidifying Gases from Road Transportation during the COVID-19 lockdown in Colombia." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4: 1458.
Snow albedo is an important variable in the coupled atmosphere-earth system at the global level. Moreover, studying its behavior allows us to know the state of the cryosphere. The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) is a glacier area and the northernmost tropical (10.82° N, 73.75° W) region in South America. It has a height of up to 5775 m.a.sl., which is the second highest mountain in the world near the marine coast. We analyzed variations in snow albedo related to snow cover, snowfall, temperature, light-absorbing impurities such as blank carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC) and dust, and El Niño—Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon through 20 years (2000–2020). We mainly use daily data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Terra and Aqua NASA satellites. Results showed through correlations that snow albedo has decreased due to Land Surface Temperature (55%, p < 0.001), a positive phase of ENSO (42%, p < 0.001) and dust (37%, p < 0.01) in the SNSM. Additionally, a dust negative effect was more evident on the southern side (up to 49%, p < 0.001) of the SNSM. Backward trajectories by the NOAA HYSPLIT model suggest that dust sources would be soil erosion in the surrounding region. Results can help recognize the influence of ENSO and dust in the glacier decrease of the SNSM.
Tomás Bolaño-Ortiz; Viverlys Diaz-Gutiérrez; Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo. ENSO and Light-Absorbing Impurities and Their Impact on Snow Albedo in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Geosciences 2020, 10, 437 .
AMA StyleTomás Bolaño-Ortiz, Viverlys Diaz-Gutiérrez, Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo. ENSO and Light-Absorbing Impurities and Their Impact on Snow Albedo in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Geosciences. 2020; 10 (11):437.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomás Bolaño-Ortiz; Viverlys Diaz-Gutiérrez; Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo. 2020. "ENSO and Light-Absorbing Impurities and Their Impact on Snow Albedo in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia." Geosciences 10, no. 11: 437.
This work studied the emission changes and their economic effects during the Argentina’s COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. We have analyzed the atmospheric emissions of the main greenhouse gases (GHG: CO2, CH4, and N2O) and other pollutants (NOx, CO, NMVOC, SO2, PM10, PM2.5, and BC) from various sectors such as private road transport, freight, public transport, agriculture machines, thermal power plants, residential, commercial, and governmental from January 2005 to April 2020. We focused on the months with the greatest restrictions of COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina (March and April 2020). The results show emissions reduction up to 37% for PM10, PM2.5, and BC, consistent with observed from satellite images and up to 160% for NOx, CO, NMVOC, and SOx. However, the residential sector has increased their emissions by 8% for the same period. As a consequence, 3337 Gg of CO2eq of GHG emissions were reduced, corresponding to a 20% reduction compared to the same period in 2019. Besides, a 26% reduction in gross domestic product (GDP) was observed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that each Tg of GHG reduction was associated to a 0.16% reduction of the GDP from the analyzed sectors. Thus, without a voluntary reduction in consumption associated to significant cultural and technological changes, reduction in GHG would still be associated with deepening inequalities and asymmetries between high and low consumption sectors (i.e., with better (lesser) education, health, and job opportunities), even within countries and cities.
Tomás Bolaño-Ortiz; S. Puliafito; Lucas Berná-Peña; Romina Pascual-Flores; Josefina Urquiza; Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo. Atmospheric Emission Changes and Their Economic Impacts During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Argentina. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8661 .
AMA StyleTomás Bolaño-Ortiz, S. Puliafito, Lucas Berná-Peña, Romina Pascual-Flores, Josefina Urquiza, Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo. Atmospheric Emission Changes and Their Economic Impacts During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Argentina. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8661.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomás Bolaño-Ortiz; S. Puliafito; Lucas Berná-Peña; Romina Pascual-Flores; Josefina Urquiza; Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo. 2020. "Atmospheric Emission Changes and Their Economic Impacts During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Argentina." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8661.
This work studied the spread of COVID-19, the meteorological conditions and the air quality in a megacity from two viewpoints: (1) the correlation between meteorological and air quality (PM10 and NO2) variables with infections and deaths due COVID-19, and (2) the improvement in air quality. Both analyses were performed for the pandemic lockdown due to COVID-19 in the City of Buenos Aires (CABA), the capital and the largest city in Argentina. Daily data from temperature, rainfall, average relative humidity, wind speed, PM10, NO2, new cases and deaths due COVID-19 were analyzed. Our findings showed a significant correlation of meteorological and air quality variables with COVID-19 cases. The highest temperature correlation occurred before the confirmation day of new cases. PM10 presented the highest correlation within 13 to 15 days lag, while NO2 within 3 to 6 days lag. Also, reductions in PM10 and NO2 were observed. This study shows that exposure to air pollution was significantly correlated with an increased risk of becoming infected and dying due to COVID-19. Thus, these results show that the NO2 and PM10 levels in CABA can serve as one of the indicators to assess vulnerability to COVID-19. In addition, decision-makers can use this information to adopt strategies to restrict human mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic and future outbreaks of similar diseases in CABA.
Tomás Bolaño-Ortiz; Romina Pascual-Flores; S. Puliafito; Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo; Lucas Berná-Peña; María Ruggeri; Ana Lopez-Noreña; María Tames; Francisco Cereceda-Balic. Spread of COVID-19, Meteorological Conditions and Air Quality in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina: Two Facets Observed during Its Pandemic Lockdown. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 1045 .
AMA StyleTomás Bolaño-Ortiz, Romina Pascual-Flores, S. Puliafito, Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo, Lucas Berná-Peña, María Ruggeri, Ana Lopez-Noreña, María Tames, Francisco Cereceda-Balic. Spread of COVID-19, Meteorological Conditions and Air Quality in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina: Two Facets Observed during Its Pandemic Lockdown. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (10):1045.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomás Bolaño-Ortiz; Romina Pascual-Flores; S. Puliafito; Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo; Lucas Berná-Peña; María Ruggeri; Ana Lopez-Noreña; María Tames; Francisco Cereceda-Balic. 2020. "Spread of COVID-19, Meteorological Conditions and Air Quality in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina: Two Facets Observed during Its Pandemic Lockdown." Atmosphere 11, no. 10: 1045.
We have evaluated the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region by means of a correlation between climate and air pollution indicators, namely, average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, rainfall, average relative humidity, wind speed, and air pollution indicators PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 with the COVID-19 daily new cases and deaths. The study focuses in the following LAC cities: Mexico City (Mexico), Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic), San Juan (Puerto Rico), Bogotá (Colombia), Guayaquil (Ecuador), Manaus (Brazil), Lima (Perú), Santiago (Chile), São Paulo (Brazil) and Buenos Aires (Argentina). The results show that average temperature, minimum temperature, and air quality were significantly associated with the spread of COVID-19 in LAC. Additionally, humidity, wind speed and rainfall showed a significant relationship with daily cases, total cases and mortality for various cities. Income inequality and poverty levels were also considered as a variable for qualitative analysis. Our findings suggest that and income inequality and poverty levels in the cities analyzed were related to the spread of COVID-19 positive and negative, respectively. These results might help decision-makers to design future strategies to tackle the spread of COVID-19 in LAC and around the world.
Tomás R. Bolaño-Ortiz; Yiniva Camargo Caicedo; Salvador Enrique Puliafito; María Florencia Ruggeri; Sindy Bolaño-Diaz; Romina Pascual-Flores; Jorge Saturno; Sergio Ibarra-Espinosa; Olga L. Mayol-Bracero; Elvis Torres-Delgado; Francisco Cereceda-Balic. Spread of SARS-CoV-2 through Latin America and the Caribbean region: A look from its economic conditions, climate and air pollution indicators. Environmental Research 2020, 191, 109938 -109938.
AMA StyleTomás R. Bolaño-Ortiz, Yiniva Camargo Caicedo, Salvador Enrique Puliafito, María Florencia Ruggeri, Sindy Bolaño-Diaz, Romina Pascual-Flores, Jorge Saturno, Sergio Ibarra-Espinosa, Olga L. Mayol-Bracero, Elvis Torres-Delgado, Francisco Cereceda-Balic. Spread of SARS-CoV-2 through Latin America and the Caribbean region: A look from its economic conditions, climate and air pollution indicators. Environmental Research. 2020; 191 ():109938-109938.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomás R. Bolaño-Ortiz; Yiniva Camargo Caicedo; Salvador Enrique Puliafito; María Florencia Ruggeri; Sindy Bolaño-Diaz; Romina Pascual-Flores; Jorge Saturno; Sergio Ibarra-Espinosa; Olga L. Mayol-Bracero; Elvis Torres-Delgado; Francisco Cereceda-Balic. 2020. "Spread of SARS-CoV-2 through Latin America and the Caribbean region: A look from its economic conditions, climate and air pollution indicators." Environmental Research 191, no. : 109938-109938.
The environment of neonatal intensive care units is influenced by numerous sources of noise emission, which contribute to raise the noise levels, and may cause hearing impairment and other physiological and psychological changes on the newborn, as well as problems with care staff. To evaluate the level and sources of noise in the neonatal intensive care unit. Sampled for 20 consecutive days every 60 seconds in A-weighting curves and fast mode with a Type I sound level meter. Recorded the average, maximum and minimum, and the 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles. The values are integrated into hours and work shift, and studied by analysis of variance. The sources were characterized in thirds of octaves. The average level was 64.00 ±3.62 dB(A), with maximum of 76.04 ±5.73 dB(A), minimum of 54.84 ±2.61dB(A), and background noise of 57.95 ±2.83 dB(A). We found four sources with levels between 16.8-63.3 dB(A). Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the hours and work shift, with higher values in the early hours of the day. The values presented exceed the standards suggested by several organizations. The sources identified and measured recorded high values in low frequencies.
Angelica Patricia Garrido Galindo; Yiniva Camargo Caicedo; Andres M Velez Pereira. Noise level in a neonatal intensive care unit in Santa Marta - Colombia. Colombia Medica 2017, 48, 120 -125.
AMA StyleAngelica Patricia Garrido Galindo, Yiniva Camargo Caicedo, Andres M Velez Pereira. Noise level in a neonatal intensive care unit in Santa Marta - Colombia. Colombia Medica. 2017; 48 (3):120-125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngelica Patricia Garrido Galindo; Yiniva Camargo Caicedo; Andres M Velez Pereira. 2017. "Noise level in a neonatal intensive care unit in Santa Marta - Colombia." Colombia Medica 48, no. 3: 120-125.
The type of unit affects the noise levels in intensive care units, the pediatric unit showing the highest values and the adult unit the lowest values. However, the parameter exerting the greatest influence upon noise level is the time of day, with higher levels in the morning and evening, and lower levels at night and in the early morning.
A.P. Garrido Galindo; Yiniva Camargo Caicedo; Andres Vélez-Pereira. Nivel de ruido en unidades de cuidado intensivo de un hospital público universitario en Santa Marta (Colombia). Medicina Intensiva 2016, 40, 403 -410.
AMA StyleA.P. Garrido Galindo, Yiniva Camargo Caicedo, Andres Vélez-Pereira. Nivel de ruido en unidades de cuidado intensivo de un hospital público universitario en Santa Marta (Colombia). Medicina Intensiva. 2016; 40 (7):403-410.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.P. Garrido Galindo; Yiniva Camargo Caicedo; Andres Vélez-Pereira. 2016. "Nivel de ruido en unidades de cuidado intensivo de un hospital público universitario en Santa Marta (Colombia)." Medicina Intensiva 40, no. 7: 403-410.
Noise levels in neonatal intensive care units allow the appearance of symptoms associated with burnout such as stress, irritability, fatigue and emotional instability on health care personnel. The aim of this study was to evaluate the equivalent continuous noise levels in the neonatal intensive care unit and compare the results with noise levels associated with the occurrence of burnout syndrome on the care team. Continuous sampling was conducted for 20 days using a type I sound level meter on the unit. The maximum, the ninetieth percentile and the equivalent continuous noise level (Leq) values were recorded. Noise level is reported in the range of 51.4-77.6 decibels A (dBA) with an average of 64 dBA, 100.6 dBA maximum, and average background noise from 57.9 dBA. Noise levels exceed the standards suggested for neonatal intensive care units, are close to maximum values referred for noise exposure in the occupational standards and to noise levels associated with the onset of burnout; thus allowing to infer the probability of occurrence of high levels of noise present in the unit on the development of burnout in caregivers.
A.P. Garrido Galindo; Yiniva Camargo Caicedo; A.M. Vélez-Pereira; Andres Vélez-Pereira. Nivel continuo equivalente de ruido en la unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal asociado al síndrome de burnout. Enfermería Intensiva 2015, 26, 92 -100.
AMA StyleA.P. Garrido Galindo, Yiniva Camargo Caicedo, A.M. Vélez-Pereira, Andres Vélez-Pereira. Nivel continuo equivalente de ruido en la unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal asociado al síndrome de burnout. Enfermería Intensiva. 2015; 26 (3):92-100.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.P. Garrido Galindo; Yiniva Camargo Caicedo; A.M. Vélez-Pereira; Andres Vélez-Pereira. 2015. "Nivel continuo equivalente de ruido en la unidad de cuidado intensivo neonatal asociado al síndrome de burnout." Enfermería Intensiva 26, no. 3: 92-100.
ResumenObjetivo: Evaluar el nivel continuo equivalente de ruido en una unidad de cuidado intensivo adulto perteneciente a un hospital de la ciudad de Santa Marta con los niveles sugeridos por los estándares internacionales. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un muestreo continuo durante 20 días registrando datos cada minuto con un sonómetro tipo I en un eje central de la unidad de cuidado intensivo adulto del hospital; los datos registrados correspondían a los valores máximos, mínimos y el nivel continuo equivalente de ruido en ponderación frecuencial A y el filtro de ponderación temporal Fast. Resultados: Se reporta que el nivel de ruido continuo equivalente varió entre 49 – 71 dBA con un valor máximo de 91,19 dBA y un mínimo de 46,65 dBA. El análisis de varianza infiere que el valor medio de ruido varía con la hora del día. Conclusiones: El nivel de ruido continuo equivalente presentado en la unidad de cuidado intensivo adulto es consistente con otros estudios similares, no obstante los valores presentados exceden los estándares internacionales de ruido sugeridos, generando una preocupación por los riesgos de exposición a los que se encuentran pacientes y personal médico de la unidad. Abstract Objective: To assess the continuous equivalent noise level in an intensive care unit for adults that belongs to a hospital in the city of Santa Marta using the levels suggested by international standards. Materials and methods: A continuous sampling was done during 20 days where the data was recorded every minute by using a sound level meter type I in a central axis of the intensive care unit for adults in the hospital; the recorded data corresponded to the maximum, minimum values and the equivalent continuous level of noise on frequency weighting A and the Fast time weighting filter. Results: It was reported that the equivalent continuous noise level varied between 49-71 dBA with a maximum value of 91, 19 dBA and a minimum of 46, 65 dBA. The variance analysis infers that the mean value of noise varies according to the time of day. Conclusions: The level of equivalent continuous noise presented in the intensive care unit for adults is consistent with other similar studies; however, the displayed values exceed the international standards of noise suggested, which generates a concern about the risks of exposure for the patients as well as for the medical staff of the unit.
Angélica Patricia Garrido Galindo; Yiniva Camargo Caicedo; Andrés M. Vélez Pereira. Nivel de ruido en la unidad de cuidado intensivo adulto: Medición, estándares internacionales e implicancias sanitarias. Universidad y Salud 2015, 17, 163 -169.
AMA StyleAngélica Patricia Garrido Galindo, Yiniva Camargo Caicedo, Andrés M. Vélez Pereira. Nivel de ruido en la unidad de cuidado intensivo adulto: Medición, estándares internacionales e implicancias sanitarias. Universidad y Salud. 2015; 17 (2):163-169.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngélica Patricia Garrido Galindo; Yiniva Camargo Caicedo; Andrés M. Vélez Pereira. 2015. "Nivel de ruido en la unidad de cuidado intensivo adulto: Medición, estándares internacionales e implicancias sanitarias." Universidad y Salud 17, no. 2: 163-169.
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Tomas Rafael Bolano Ortiz; Yiniva Camargo Caicedo; Andres Vélez-Pereira. EMISIONES BIOGÉNICAS DE MONOTERPENOS EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL TAYRONA, SANTA MARTA (COLOMBIA). Luna Azul 2015, 1 .
AMA StyleTomas Rafael Bolano Ortiz, Yiniva Camargo Caicedo, Andres Vélez-Pereira. EMISIONES BIOGÉNICAS DE MONOTERPENOS EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL TAYRONA, SANTA MARTA (COLOMBIA). Luna Azul. 2015; (40):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTomas Rafael Bolano Ortiz; Yiniva Camargo Caicedo; Andres Vélez-Pereira. 2015. "EMISIONES BIOGÉNICAS DE MONOTERPENOS EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL TAYRONA, SANTA MARTA (COLOMBIA)." Luna Azul , no. 40: 1.
Andrés M. Vélez-Pereira; Yiniva Camargo Caicedo. Análisis de los factores ambientales y ocupacionales en la concentración de aerobacterias en unidades de cuidado intensivo del Hospital Universitario Fernando Troconis, 2009 Santa Marta - Colombia. Revista Cuidarte 2014, 5, 1 .
AMA StyleAndrés M. Vélez-Pereira, Yiniva Camargo Caicedo. Análisis de los factores ambientales y ocupacionales en la concentración de aerobacterias en unidades de cuidado intensivo del Hospital Universitario Fernando Troconis, 2009 Santa Marta - Colombia. Revista Cuidarte. 2014; 5 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrés M. Vélez-Pereira; Yiniva Camargo Caicedo. 2014. "Análisis de los factores ambientales y ocupacionales en la concentración de aerobacterias en unidades de cuidado intensivo del Hospital Universitario Fernando Troconis, 2009 Santa Marta - Colombia." Revista Cuidarte 5, no. 1: 1.
El estudio desarrollado fue de tipo cuantitativo y descriptivo. Buscó principalmente determinar la distribución espacial y temporal de las partículas suspendidas totales - PST en la zona costera del departamento del Magdalena a través del análisis de las concentraciones de PST de ocho estaciones de monitoreo de la red de calidad del aire de CORPAMAG durante los años 2006-2009. La investigación mostró que en el primer semestre de los cuatro años analizados el 2007 presentaron las medias geométricas mensuales más altas en las estaciones del aeropuerto y CAJAMAG con concentraciones de 220,67 μg/m3y 150 μg/m3respectivamente. El límite anual de 98,22 μg/m3para PST fue superado en los años 2006 y 2007 por las estaciones del aeropuerto y CAJAMAG. Las representaciones espaciales desarrolladas con Golden Surfer versión 9.0 mostraron que las áreas mayormente influenciadas con altas concentraciones de PST en los años 2006-2009 fueron las comunas 3, 4 y 8, ubicadas cerca a la estación de monitoreo del INVEMAR, CAJAMAG y el aeropuerto.
Angélica Patricia Garrido Galindo; Yiniva Camargo Caicedo. Distribución del espacio temporal de partículas suspendidas totales en la zona costera del departamento del Magdalena en el periodo 2006-2009. Revista de Ciencias 1969, 18, 59 -72.
AMA StyleAngélica Patricia Garrido Galindo, Yiniva Camargo Caicedo. Distribución del espacio temporal de partículas suspendidas totales en la zona costera del departamento del Magdalena en el periodo 2006-2009. Revista de Ciencias. 1969; 18 (1):59-72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngélica Patricia Garrido Galindo; Yiniva Camargo Caicedo. 1969. "Distribución del espacio temporal de partículas suspendidas totales en la zona costera del departamento del Magdalena en el periodo 2006-2009." Revista de Ciencias 18, no. 1: 59-72.