The article presents the results of empirical research on the impact of ozone dissolved in fuel-water emulsion on combustion process and concentration of toxic substances in CI engine. The effect of ozone presence in the emulsion and its influence on main engine characteristics (power, torque, fuel consumption) and selected parameters that characterize combustion process (levels of pressures and temperatures in combustion chamber, period of combustion delay, heat release rate, fuel burnt rate) is shown. The change in concentration of toxic components in exhausts gases when engine is fueled with ozonized emulsion was also identified. The empirical research and their analysis showed significant differences in the combustion process when fuel-water emulsion containing ozone was used. These differences include: increased power and efficiency of the engine that are accompanied by reduction in time of combustion delay and beneficial effects of ozone on HC, PM, CO and NO_X emissions.

The aim of the research was to determine the potential of hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) in reducing nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions from the Perkins 854E-E34TA compression ignition engine. The concentrations of these toxic exhaust gas components were measured using the following analyzers: AVL CEB II (for NOx concentration measurement) and Horiba Mexa 1230 PM (for PM measurement). The measurements were carried out in the ESC test on a compression ignition engine with direct fuel injection and a turbocharger. The engine had a common rail fuel supply system and met the Stage IIIB/Tier 4 exhaust emission standard. Two fuels were used in the tests: diesel fuel (DF) and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO). As part of the experiment, the basic indicators of engine operation were also determined (torque, effective power, and fuel consumption) and selected parameters of the combustion process, such as the instantaneous pressure of the working medium in the combustion chamber, maximum pressures and temperatures in the combustion chamber, and the heat release rate (HRR), were calculated. The tests were carried out in accordance with the ESC test because the authors wanted to determine how the new generation HVO fuel, powering a modern combustion engine with a common rail fuel system, would perform in a stationary emission test. Based on the obtained research results, the authors concluded that HVO fuel can replace diesel fuel in diesel engines even without major modifications or changes in engine settings.

The road transport sector is a key source of carbon dioxide and air pollutants. Mathematical modeling is frequently used to assess the sector’s contribution to the total national emissions budget (inventory). The present article focuses on studying the impacts of the fuel used (LPG, CNG, gasoline, diesel, and biofuel), the Euro standard, and the structure of vehicles on CO₂, NO_X, and PM2.5 emissions. This paper presents the results of mathematical simulations of the influence of the fuel type and Euro standards on pollutant emissions. Two scenarios were considered in terms of the effect on CO₂, NO_X, and PM2.5 emissions: one focused on changing the current fleet and introducing Euro 6/VI vehicles, and the second scenario focused on cities adding low-pollution zones (only Euro 6 vehicles and PHEVs, HEVs, and BEVs entering the city). The results of the simulations showed that Euro 6/IV vehicles emit significantly less PM2.5 and NO_X, and biofuels can substantially contribute to reducing emissions.

This study looks at the impact on selected toxic exhaust gas components in a compression ignition engine supplied with diesel-fuel emulsion. During the empirical research, a turbocharged PERKINS 1104C-E44T diesel engine was supplied with water-fuel emulsion where water content in the mixture was 15% by volume and diesel fuel. The tests were performed with load characteristics at two speeds of the engine crankshaft at maximum torque speed of 1,400 rev/min and maximum engine power speed of 2,200 rev/min. At each operating point of the engine concentrations of toxic exhaust gases we recorded carbon monoxide CO, hydrocarbons HC, nitrogen oxides NO_x, and particulate matter PM. On the basis of results and calculations, specific emissions of toxic substances in accordance with ISO 8178 were designated.