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Microalgae are one of the most promising sources of renewable substrates used for energy purposes. Biomass and components accumulated in their cells can be used to produce a wide range of biofuels, but the profitability of their production is still not at a sufficient level. Significant costs are generated, i.a., during the cultivation of microalgae, and are connected with providing suitable culture conditions. This study aims to evaluate the possibility of using sodium bicarbonate as an inexpensive alternative CO2 source in the culture of Chlorella vulgaris, promoting not only the increase of microalgae biomass production but also lipid accumulation. The study was carried out at technical scale using 100 L photobioreactors. Gravimetric and spectrophotometric methods were used to evaluate biomass growth. Lipid content was determined using a mixture of chloroform and methanol according to the Blight and Dyer method, while the carbon content and CO2 fixation rate were measured according to the Walkley and Black method. In batch culture, even a small addition of bicarbonate resulted in a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the amount of biomass, productivity and optical density compared to non-bicarbonate cultures. At 2.0 g∙L–1, biomass content was 572 ± 4 mg·L−1, the maximum productivity was 7.0 ± 1.0 mg·L–1·d–1, and the optical density was 0.181 ± 0.00. There was also an increase in the lipid content (26 ± 4%) and the carbon content in the biomass (1322 ± 0.062 g∙dw–1), as well as a higher rate of carbon dioxide fixation (0.925 ± 0.073 g·L–1·d–1). The cultivation of microalgae in enlarged scale photobioreactors provides a significant technological challenge. The obtained results can be useful to evaluate the efficiency of biomass and valuable cellular components production in closed systems realized at industrial scale.
Patryk Ratomski; Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw; Adam Koniuszy. Utilisation of CO2 from Sodium Bicarbonate to Produce Chlorella vulgaris Biomass in Tubular Photobioreactors for Biofuel Purposes. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9118 .
AMA StylePatryk Ratomski, Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw, Adam Koniuszy. Utilisation of CO2 from Sodium Bicarbonate to Produce Chlorella vulgaris Biomass in Tubular Photobioreactors for Biofuel Purposes. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9118.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatryk Ratomski; Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw; Adam Koniuszy. 2021. "Utilisation of CO2 from Sodium Bicarbonate to Produce Chlorella vulgaris Biomass in Tubular Photobioreactors for Biofuel Purposes." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9118.
Microalgae are a renewable source of unconventional biomass with potential application in the production of various biofuels. The production of carbon-neutral fuels is necessary for protecting the environment. This work determined the possibility of producing biomass of microalgae belonging to Monoraphidium genus using saline wastewater resulting from proecological salmon farming in the recirculating aquaculture system. The tests were carried out in tubular photobioreactors using LED light. As a part of the analyses, the growth and productivity of microalgal biomass, cell density in culture, and lipid concentration and ash content in biomass were determined. In addition, the concentration of selected phosphorus and nitrogen forms present in wastewater corresponding to the degree of their use by microalgae as a nutrient substrate was determined. The biomass concentration estimated in the tests was 3.79 g·L−1, while the maximum biomass productivity was 0.46 g·L−1·d−1. The cells’ optical density in culture measured at 680 nm was 0.648. The lipid content in biomass was 18.53% (dry basis), and the ash content was 32.34%. It was found that microalgae of the genus Monoraphidium effectively used the nitrogen as well as phosphorus forms present in the wastewater for their growth. The total nitrogen content in the sewage decreased by 82.62%, and total phosphorus content by over 99%. The analysis of the individual forms of nitrogen showed that N-NO3 was reduced by 85.37% and N-NO2 by 78.43%, while orthophosphate (V) dissolved in water was reduced by 99%. However, the content of N-NH4 in wastewater from the beginning till the end of the experiment remained −1.
Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw; Adam Koniuszy; Małgorzata Gałczyńska. Sustainable Production of Monoraphidium Microalgae Biomass as a Source of Bioenergy. Energies 2020, 13, 5975 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Hawrot-Paw, Adam Koniuszy, Małgorzata Gałczyńska. Sustainable Production of Monoraphidium Microalgae Biomass as a Source of Bioenergy. Energies. 2020; 13 (22):5975.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Hawrot-Paw; Adam Koniuszy; Małgorzata Gałczyńska. 2020. "Sustainable Production of Monoraphidium Microalgae Biomass as a Source of Bioenergy." Energies 13, no. 22: 5975.
Biofuels used as biocomponents for transport fuels should meet quality requirements. Their properties have a significant impact on the proper functioning of the engine supply system and the wear of its components. Changes in the performance of biofuel functionality may already occur during storage. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate changes in selected rheological and tribological parameters of higher fatty acid esters depending on the time and method of their storage by considering different types of substrates used for their production. The presence of possible microbiological contamination, which may affect the examined parameters of biofuels, was also analyzed. The dynamic viscosity of the biofuels tested changed depending on the substrate used. The biofuel produced from waste oil had the highest viscosity. Tribological studies show that both the linear wear of samples and the friction moment were higher after the storage period. The acid number of the esters did not exceed the permissible value recommended by the standard. The type of raw material used for the production of biodiesel and the conditions of its storage affected biodeterioration, proved by the growth of microorganisms. The highest number of microorganisms was recorded in biofuels prepared from waste oil.
Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw; Adam Koniuszy; Paweł Sędłak; Daria Seń. Functional Properties and Microbiological Stability of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) under Different Storage Conditions. Energies 2020, 13, 5632 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Hawrot-Paw, Adam Koniuszy, Paweł Sędłak, Daria Seń. Functional Properties and Microbiological Stability of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) under Different Storage Conditions. Energies. 2020; 13 (21):5632.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Hawrot-Paw; Adam Koniuszy; Paweł Sędłak; Daria Seń. 2020. "Functional Properties and Microbiological Stability of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) under Different Storage Conditions." Energies 13, no. 21: 5632.
Biomass from cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is considered a renewable energy source that can be converted into alternative fuel. Calorific syngas, a promising type of advanced fuel, can be produced through thermochemical biomass gasification. In this study, the suitability of cup plant biomass for gasification was assessed, including the process energy balance and environmental impacts of waste from syngas purification. Silphium perfoliatum L. was cultivated as a gasification feedstock in different conditions (irrigation, fertilization). The experiments were performed in a membrane gasifier. All obtained energy parameters were compared to the biomass yield per hectare. The toxic effects of liquid waste were assessed using tests analyzing germination/seed root elongation of Sinapsis alba. Leachates collected from condensation tanks of a gas generator were introduced to soil at the following doses: 100, 1000 and 10,000 mg kg−1 DM of soil. The usefulness of Silphium perfoliatum L. for gasification was confirmed. The factors of plant cultivation affected the biomass yield, the volume and calorific value of syngas and the amount of biochar. It was determined that the components found in condensates demonstrate a phytotoxic effect, restricting or inhibiting germination and root elongation of Sinapsis alba. Due to this potential hazard, the possibility of its release to the environment should be limited. Most of the biomass is only used for heating purposes, but the syngas obtained from the cup plant can be used to power cogeneration systems, which, apart from heat, also generate electricity.
Adam Koniuszy; Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw; Cezary Podsiadło; Paweł Sędłak; Ewa Możdżer. Gasification of Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Biomass–Energy Recovery and Environmental Impacts. Energies 2020, 13, 4960 .
AMA StyleAdam Koniuszy, Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw, Cezary Podsiadło, Paweł Sędłak, Ewa Możdżer. Gasification of Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Biomass–Energy Recovery and Environmental Impacts. Energies. 2020; 13 (18):4960.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdam Koniuszy; Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw; Cezary Podsiadło; Paweł Sędłak; Ewa Możdżer. 2020. "Gasification of Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Biomass–Energy Recovery and Environmental Impacts." Energies 13, no. 18: 4960.
Aquaculture wastewater contains a huge amount of substances that can cause environmental pollution. However, microalgae can absorb these compounds and convert them into useful biomass. In this study, Chlorella minutissima was grown in the wastewater resulting from saline aquaculture. The microalgae were found to effectively utilize nitrogen and phosphorus in the wastewater for its growth. During wastewater treatment, the cell density increased almost fivefold compared to the initial value (OD680 0.502). Moreover, batch culture resulted in the maximum biomass concentration and productivity of 4.77 g/L and 0.55 g/L/day, respectively. The contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in wastewater decreased by 88% and over 99%, respectively. In addition, the content of N-NO3 was reduced by 88.6%, N-NO2 by 74.3%, and dissolved orthophosphates (V) by 99%. At the beginning and throughout the experiment, the content of N-NH4 in wastewater remained below 0.05 mg/L. Furthermore, a high lipid content of 46.4% (w/w) was also obtained from the studied microalgae.
Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw; Adam Koniuszy; Małgorzata Gałczyńska; Grzegorz Zając; Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz. Production of Microalgal Biomass Using Aquaculture Wastewater as Growth Medium. Water 2019, 12, 106 .
AMA StyleMałgorzata Hawrot-Paw, Adam Koniuszy, Małgorzata Gałczyńska, Grzegorz Zając, Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz. Production of Microalgal Biomass Using Aquaculture Wastewater as Growth Medium. Water. 2019; 12 (1):106.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMałgorzata Hawrot-Paw; Adam Koniuszy; Małgorzata Gałczyńska; Grzegorz Zając; Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz. 2019. "Production of Microalgal Biomass Using Aquaculture Wastewater as Growth Medium." Water 12, no. 1: 106.