The routine use of antibiotics in oral implant treatment seems to be widespread. The pre- or post-operative use of antibiotics in conjunction with implant surgery and its correlation with failure and success rates are poorly documented in the literature. The debate regarding overprescription of antibiotics raises the need for a critical evaluation of proper antibiotic coverage in association with implant treatment. The benefits of prophylactic antibiotics are well-recognized in dentistry. However, their routine use in the placement of endosseous dental implants remains controversial. The purpose of this review is to know the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in implant dentistry.

Electric vehicles are projected to play an important role in the present and ensuing transportation as global environmental and energy issues become more serious. Looking into the growing popularity of electric vehicles, we need to pay even more attention to battery energy storage systems. Electric vehicles in the traditional sense rely on a battery to provide electricity. Influential requirements (acceleration and braking) will deteriorate the battery, or it may not be feasible to use it at all in some instances, due to the battery’s compactness. This paper proposes a Bidirectional DC/DC Converter topology and investigates its operation modes. The proposed converter can be used in hybrid electric vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles use this converter type to connect a primary battery (ES1), an extra battery (ES2), and an adjustable voltage bus. Both step-up (i.e., Dual-source low-voltage powering mode) and step-down (i.e., energy-regenerating high-voltage dc-link mode) modes of operation are possible with the proposed converter, allowing bidirectional power flow. Furthermore, the model can handle the flow of electricity between any two low-voltage sources. For the proposed Bidirectional DC/DC Converter, two ways of power transmission, circuit design, and operation modes are analyzed. A MATLAB-Simulink model of the proposed, and the system is developed based on a Digital Signal Processor flow chart, and the results of the simulation as well as the performance of the system are discussed.

In this paper, a fuzzy (F) proportional (P)–integral (I)–derivative (D) (PID) (FPID) controller optimized with a water cycle algorithm is proposed for load frequency control of a multi-area multi-fuel (MAMF) power system. The MAMF system has the realistic feature of communication time delays (CTDs), in order to conduct an analysis nearer to realistic practice. Initially, the MAMF system is analyzed when subjected to a step load disturbance (SLD) of 10% on area 1. The superiority of the fuzzy PID controller is revealed upon comparing it with PID plus double derivative (DD) (PIDD) and PID controllers. The MAMF system is investigated with and without CTDs, to demonstrate their impact on system performance. Later, an additional HVDC line is incorporated in parallel with the existing AC line for further enhancement of the system performance. Finally, the MAMF system is targeted with random loading to validate the robustness of the presented control scheme.

The fast and accurate modeling topologies are very much essential for power train electrification. The importance of thermal effect is very important in any electrochemical systems and must be considered in battery models because temperature factor has highest importance in transport phenomena and chemical kinetics. The dynamic performance of the lithium ion battery is discussed here and a suitable electrical equivalent circuit is developed to study its response for sudden changes in the output. An effective lithium cell simulation model with thermal dependence is presented in this paper. One series resistor, one voltage source and a single RC block form the proposed equivalent circuit model. The 1 RC and 2 RC Lithium ion battery models are commonly used in the literature are studied and compared. The simulation of Lithium-ion battery 1RC and 2 RC Models are performed by using Matlab/Simulink Software. The simulation results in his paper shows that Lithium-ion battery 1 RC model has more maximum output error of 0.42% than 2 RC Lithium-ion battery model in constant current condition and the maximum output error of 1 RC Lithium-ion battery model is 0.18% more than 2 RC Lithium-ion battery model in UDDS Cycle condition. The simulation results also show that in both simple and complex discharging modes, the error in output is much improved in 2 RC lithium ion battery model when compared to 1 RC Lithium-ion battery model. Thus the paper shows for general applications like in portable electronic design like laptops, Lithium-ion battery 1 RC model is the preferred choice and for automotive and space design applications, Lithium-ion 2 RC model is the preferred choice. In this paper, these simulation results for 1 RC and 2 RC Lithium-ion battery models will be very much useful in the application of practical Lithium-ion battery management systems for electric vehicle applications.

The brushless DC motor (BLDC) has gained significant popularity in industrial settings due to its notable attributes such as low inertia, rapid response, high power density, exceptional dependability, and reputation for being conservation-free. Typically, these are equipped by a tight-switching PWM inverter, which results in significant switching losses. Consequently, the dissipation of switching loss necessitates the use of sizable heat sinks, resulting in an increase in both the physical dimensions and mass of the drive system. Numerous researchers have developed soft switching inverters with the aim of minimizing switching losses. The utilization of a soft-switching circuit may give rise to additional issues, including heightened voltage stress, incomplete pulse width modulation control, and intricate control scheme or implementation. The present study introduces a basic soft switch inverter design that is suitable for employment in BLDC drive systems powered by batteries. The inverter exhibits low loss for power switching and voltage stress is less on the main switches, while also featuring a straightforward control scheme that is easily implementable. Upon conducting analytical analysis, simulation results were presented by evaluating the theoretical analysis.