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Yanping Fu
Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China

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Journal article
Published: 22 June 2021 in Journal of Fungi
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The infection by a single-stranded DNA virus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirulence-associated DNA virus 1 (SsHADV-1), causes hypovirulence, a reduced growth rate, and other colony morphological changes in its host Sclerotinia sclerotiorum strain DT-8. However, the mechanisms of the decline are still unclear. Using digital RNA sequencing, a transcriptome analysis was conducted to elucidate the phenotype-related genes with expression changes in response to SsHADV-1 infection. A total of 3110 S. sclerotiorum differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected during SsHADV-1 infection, 1741 of which were up-regulated, and 1369 were down-regulated. The identified DEGs were involved in several important pathways. DNA replication, DNA damage response, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, ribosomal assembly, and translation were the affected categories in S. sclerotiorum upon SsHADV-1 infection. Moreover, the infection of SsHADV-1 also suppressed the expression of antiviral RNA silencing and virulence factor genes. These results provide further detailed insights into the effects of SsHADV-1 infection on the whole genome transcription in S. sclerotiorum.

ACS Style

Zheng Qu; Yanping Fu; Yang Lin; Zhenzhen Zhao; Xuekun Zhang; Jiasen Cheng; Jiatao Xie; Tao Chen; Bo Li; Daohong Jiang. Transcriptional Responses of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to the Infection by SsHADV-1. Journal of Fungi 2021, 7, 493 .

AMA Style

Zheng Qu, Yanping Fu, Yang Lin, Zhenzhen Zhao, Xuekun Zhang, Jiasen Cheng, Jiatao Xie, Tao Chen, Bo Li, Daohong Jiang. Transcriptional Responses of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to the Infection by SsHADV-1. Journal of Fungi. 2021; 7 (7):493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zheng Qu; Yanping Fu; Yang Lin; Zhenzhen Zhao; Xuekun Zhang; Jiasen Cheng; Jiatao Xie; Tao Chen; Bo Li; Daohong Jiang. 2021. "Transcriptional Responses of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum to the Infection by SsHADV-1." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 7: 493.

Research article
Published: 22 April 2021 in Plant Disease
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Pyrimethanil is an anilinopyrimidine (AP) fungicide that is highly effective in controlling green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum but has not yet been registered in China to control postharvest diseases of citrus. In this study, baseline sensitivity of P. digitatum to pyrimethanil was established based on the effective concentrations for 50% inhibition (EC50) values of 127 isolates collected from five major citrus-growing regions of China. The distribution of these EC50 values was unimodal but with a long right tail. The mean ± SD EC50 value was 0.137 ± 0.046 μg/ml, and the minimum and maximum were 0.073 and 0.436 μg/ml, respectively. Pyrimethanil in potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 0.20 μg/ml decreased methionine production in the mycelia by 21.6% and reduced the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes cellulase and pectinase by 9.1 and 32.8%, respectively. Twelve pyrimethanil-resistant mutants were obtained by consecutive subculturing of 12 arbitrarily selected sensitive isolates on pyrimethanil-amended PDA for four generations, and the resistance factors ranged from 69 to 3,421. There was no cross-resistance between pyrimethanil and prochloraz (r = 0.377, P = 0.123). Compared with their parental isolates, pyrimethanil-resistant mutants had reduced pathogenicity to citrus fruit but higher tolerance to hydrogen peroxide. No differences were detected in tolerance to NaCl, CaCl2, Congo red, or sodium dodecyl sulfate. The exogenous addition of methionine into PDA partially alleviated pyrimethanil toxicity to the sensitive isolates but had no significant effect on toxicity to the resistant mutants. Sequencing of cystathionine γ-synthase encoding genes CGS1 and CGS2, the potential target genes for pyrimethanil, showed that there was no nucleotide mutation in the coding region of CGS of the pyrimethanil-resistant mutants. However, the relative expression of CGS1 and CGS2 of the pyrimethanil-resistant mutants was reduced by 42.5 and 57.4%, respectively. These results have important implications for applications of pyrimethanil to control P. digitatum and for understanding the modes of action and resistance mechanisms of pyrimethanil.

ACS Style

Yuchao Zhang; Yanping Fu; Chaoxi Luo; Fuxing Zhu. Pyrimethanil Sensitivity and Resistance Mechanisms in Penicillium digitatum. Plant Disease 2021, 1 -08.

AMA Style

Yuchao Zhang, Yanping Fu, Chaoxi Luo, Fuxing Zhu. Pyrimethanil Sensitivity and Resistance Mechanisms in Penicillium digitatum. Plant Disease. 2021; ():1-08.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuchao Zhang; Yanping Fu; Chaoxi Luo; Fuxing Zhu. 2021. "Pyrimethanil Sensitivity and Resistance Mechanisms in Penicillium digitatum." Plant Disease , no. : 1-08.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2021 in Biology
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Diaporthe eres is considered one of the most important causal agents of many plant diseases, with a broad host range worldwide. In this study, multiple sequences of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α), beta-tubulin gene (TUB2), calmodulin gene (CAL), and histone-3 gene (HIS) were used for multi-locus phylogenetic analysis. For phylogenetic analysis, maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP), and Bayesian inferred (BI) approaches were performed to investigate relationships of D. eres with closely related species. The results strongly support that the D. eres species falls into a monophyletic lineage, with the characteristics of a species complex. Phylogenetic informativeness (PI) analysis showed that clear boundaries could be proposed by using EF1-α, whereas ITS showed an ineffective reconstruction and, thus, was unsuitable for speciating boundaries for Diaporthe species. A combined dataset of EF1-α, CAL, TUB2, and HIS showed strong resolution for Diaporthe species, providing insights for the D. eres complex. Accordingly, besides D. biguttusis, D. camptothecicola, D. castaneae-mollissimae, D. cotoneastri, D. ellipicola, D. longicicola, D. mahothocarpus, D. momicola, D. nobilis, and Phomopsis fukushii, which have already been previously considered the synonymous species of D. eres, another three species, D. henanensis, D. lonicerae and D. rosicola, were further revealed to be synonyms of D. eres in this study. In order to demonstrate the genetic diversity of D. eres species in China, 138 D. eres isolates were randomly selected from previous studies in 16 provinces. These isolates were obtained from different major plant species from 2006 to 2020. The genetic distance was estimated with phylogenetic analysis and haplotype networks, and it was revealed that two major haplotypes existed in the Chinese populations of D. eres. The haplotype networks were widely dispersed and not uniquely correlated to specific populations. Overall, our analyses evaluated the phylogenetic identification for D. eres species and demonstrated the population diversity of D. eres in China.

ACS Style

Chingchai Chaisiri; Xiangyu Liu; Yang Lin; Yanping Fu; Fuxing Zhu; Chaoxi Luo. Phylogenetic and Haplotype Network Analyses of Diaporthe eres Species in China Based on Sequences of Multiple Loci. Biology 2021, 10, 179 .

AMA Style

Chingchai Chaisiri, Xiangyu Liu, Yang Lin, Yanping Fu, Fuxing Zhu, Chaoxi Luo. Phylogenetic and Haplotype Network Analyses of Diaporthe eres Species in China Based on Sequences of Multiple Loci. Biology. 2021; 10 (3):179.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chingchai Chaisiri; Xiangyu Liu; Yang Lin; Yanping Fu; Fuxing Zhu; Chaoxi Luo. 2021. "Phylogenetic and Haplotype Network Analyses of Diaporthe eres Species in China Based on Sequences of Multiple Loci." Biology 10, no. 3: 179.

Research article
Published: 01 February 2021 in Plant Disease
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The demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide prochloraz has been widely used in China to control citrus green mold, which is caused by Penicillium digitatum. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of prochloraz for 129 isolates of P. digitatum collected in 2017 from citrus groves of four provinces of China ranged from 0.0032 to 0.4582 mg/liter. Analysis of the distribution of natural logarithms of EC50 values indicated that 111 isolates with EC50 values lower than 0.05 mg/liter could be considered sensitive to prochloraz. Relative baseline sensitivity was established based on the 111 sensitive isolates, and the mean EC50 value was 0.0090 ± 0.0054 mg/liter (SD). Prochloraz at 60, 100, and 140 mg/liter provided preventive efficacies of 67.8, 93.0, and 96.4%, respectively. Prochloraz at 0.005 and 0.01 mg/liter disrupted cell membrane integrity of conidia but reduced cell membrane permeability of mycelia. Prochloraz at 0.01 mg/liter reduced ergosterol content in mycelia by 41.8%. Two prochloraz-resistant isolates with EC50 values of 3.97 and 5.68 mg/liter were attained by consecutive subculturing on prochloraz-amended PDA. Studies on the expression levels of three potential target genes, CYP51A, CYP51B, and CYP51C, demonstrated that whether in the absence or presence of prochloraz, only CYP51B in the resistant isolates was overexpressed at least 10-fold higher than that of the sensitive ones. Sequencing of the three genes showed that only CYP51B in the resistant isolates had a 199-bp insertion in the promoter region. In addition, only CYP51B displayed point mutations of G405S, G389C, and Y390S in the coding regions in the resistant isolates. These results were important for understanding the resistance mechanisms of P. digitatum to prochloraz.

ACS Style

Yuchao Zhang; Bao Zhang; Chaoxi Luo; Yanping Fu; Fuxing Zhu. Fungicidal Actions and Resistance Mechanisms of Prochloraz to Penicillium digitatum. Plant Disease 2021, 105, 408 -415.

AMA Style

Yuchao Zhang, Bao Zhang, Chaoxi Luo, Yanping Fu, Fuxing Zhu. Fungicidal Actions and Resistance Mechanisms of Prochloraz to Penicillium digitatum. Plant Disease. 2021; 105 (2):408-415.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuchao Zhang; Bao Zhang; Chaoxi Luo; Yanping Fu; Fuxing Zhu. 2021. "Fungicidal Actions and Resistance Mechanisms of Prochloraz to Penicillium digitatum." Plant Disease 105, no. 2: 408-415.

Brief report
Published: 21 January 2021 in Plants
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Considering the huge economic loss caused by postharvest diseases, the identification and prevention of citrus postharvest diseases is vital to the citrus industry. In 2018, 16 decayed citrus fruit from four citrus varieties—Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu), Ponkan (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan), Nanfeng mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. nanfengmiju), and Sugar orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco)—showing soft rot and sogginess on their surfaces and covered with white mycelia were collected from storage rooms in seven provinces. The pathogens were isolated and the pathogenicity of the isolates was tested. The fungal strains were identified as Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae based on their morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses using the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF), and beta-tubulin (TUB) gene sequences. The strains could infect wounded citrus fruit and cause decay within two days post inoculation, but could not infect unwounded fruit. To our knowledge, this is the first report of citrus fruit decay caused by L. pseudotheobromae in China.

ACS Style

Jianghua Chen; Zihang Zhu; Yanping Fu; Jiasen Cheng; Jiatao Xie; Yang Lin. Identification of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae Causing Fruit Rot of Citrus in China. Plants 2021, 10, 202 .

AMA Style

Jianghua Chen, Zihang Zhu, Yanping Fu, Jiasen Cheng, Jiatao Xie, Yang Lin. Identification of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae Causing Fruit Rot of Citrus in China. Plants. 2021; 10 (2):202.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jianghua Chen; Zihang Zhu; Yanping Fu; Jiasen Cheng; Jiatao Xie; Yang Lin. 2021. "Identification of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae Causing Fruit Rot of Citrus in China." Plants 10, no. 2: 202.

Journal article
Published: 03 December 2020 in Viruses
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Via virome sequencing, six viruses were detected from Magnaporthe oryzae strains YC81-2, including one virus in the family Tombusviridae, one virus in the family Narnaviridae and four viruses in the family Botourmiaviridae. Since the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of one botourmiavirus show the highest identity (79%) with Magnaporthe oryzae ourmia-like virus 1 (MOLV1), the virus that was grouped into the genus Magoulivirus was designated as Magnaporthe oryzae botourmiavirus 2 (MOBV2). The three other novel botourmiaviruses were selected for further study. The complete nucleotide sequences of the three botourmiaviruses were determined. Sequence analysis showed that virus 1, virus 2, and virus 3 were 2598, 2385, and 2326 nts in length, respectively. The variable 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) and 5′-UTR of each virus could be folded into a stable stem-loop secondary structure. Each virus consisted of a unique ORF encoding a putative RdRp. The putative proteins with a conserved GDD motif of RdRp showed the highest sequence similarity to RdRps of viruses in the family Botourmiaviridae. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that these viruses were three distinct novel botourmiaviruses, clustered into the Botourmiaviridae family but not belonging to any known genera of this family. Thus, virus 1, virus 2, and virus 3 were designated as Magnaporthe oryzae botourmiavirus 5, 6, and 7 (MOBV5, MOBV6, and MOBV7), respectively. Our results suggest that four distinct botourmiaviruses, MOBV2, MOBV5, MOBV6, and MOBV7, co-infect a single strain of Magnaporthe oryzae, and MOBV5, MOBV6, and MOBV7 are members of three unclassified genera in the family Botourmiaviridae.

ACS Style

Yang Liu; Liyan Zhang; Ahmed Esmael; Jie Duan; Xuefeng Bian; Jichun Jia; Jiatao Xie; Jiasen Cheng; Yanping Fu; Daohong Jiang; Yang Lin. Four Novel Botourmiaviruses Co-Infecting an Isolate of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Viruses 2020, 12, 1383 .

AMA Style

Yang Liu, Liyan Zhang, Ahmed Esmael, Jie Duan, Xuefeng Bian, Jichun Jia, Jiatao Xie, Jiasen Cheng, Yanping Fu, Daohong Jiang, Yang Lin. Four Novel Botourmiaviruses Co-Infecting an Isolate of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Viruses. 2020; 12 (12):1383.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang Liu; Liyan Zhang; Ahmed Esmael; Jie Duan; Xuefeng Bian; Jichun Jia; Jiatao Xie; Jiasen Cheng; Yanping Fu; Daohong Jiang; Yang Lin. 2020. "Four Novel Botourmiaviruses Co-Infecting an Isolate of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae." Viruses 12, no. 12: 1383.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2020 in Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology
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Green mold, caused by Penicillium digitatum, is the most important citrus postharvest disease worldwide and often causes substantial economic losses to the citrus industry. The demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides are highly effective against a broad range of fungal pathogens, but the DMI fungicide propiconazole has not been registered yet in China for the control of citrus green mold. In this study, baseline sensitivity of P. digitatum to propiconazole was determined. The frequency distribution of logarithms of EC50 values for 118 isolates collected from five regions in China was bimodal, and among the 118 isolates, 18 isolates were less sensitive or had low resistance to propiconazole. The mean EC50 value of the sensitive 100 isolates was 0.104 mg/L. Preventive control efficacies on Satsuma mandarin for propiconazole at 200 and 400 mg/L were 63.1 and 84.3%, respectively. The fruit treated with propiconazole at 40 and 100 mg/L produced significantly fewer conidia, and the virulence of the conidia decreased by 12.3 and 14.8%, respectively. Studies with propidium iodide showed that the membrane integrity was damaged for 25.6% of conidia produced on PDA amended with propiconazole at 0.1 mg/L. Fluorescence microscopy observations of P. digitatum conidia stained with 2,7-dichlorofluorescin showed that propiconazole significantly induced the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Compared with the sensitive isolates, no point mutations were detected in either the coding or promoter region of the target gene CYP51A of the isolates with low resistance to propiconazole. However, the relative expression levels of CYP51A for three resistant isolates were higher than sensitive isolates, and the mean relative expression was 2.08 for resistant isolates versus 0.62 for sensitive isolates in the absence of propiconazole and 3.12 versus 1.44 in the presence of propiconazole. These results indicate increased expression of CYP51A is the molecular mechanism for low resistance of P. digitatum to propiconazole.

ACS Style

Jun Zhang; Bao Zhang; Fuxing Zhu; Yanping Fu. Baseline sensitivity and fungicidal action of propiconazole against Penicillium digitatum. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 2020, 172, 104752 .

AMA Style

Jun Zhang, Bao Zhang, Fuxing Zhu, Yanping Fu. Baseline sensitivity and fungicidal action of propiconazole against Penicillium digitatum. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology. 2020; 172 ():104752.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jun Zhang; Bao Zhang; Fuxing Zhu; Yanping Fu. 2020. "Baseline sensitivity and fungicidal action of propiconazole against Penicillium digitatum." Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 172, no. : 104752.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2020 in Microbial Genomics
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Coniothyrium minitans is a mycoparasite of the notorious plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. To further understand the parasitism of C. minitans, we assembled and analysed its genome and performed transcriptome analyses. The genome of C. minitans strain ZS-1 was assembled into 350 scaffolds and had a size of 39.8 Mb. A total of 11 437 predicted genes and proteins were annotated, and 30.8 % of the blast hits matched proteins encoded by another member of the Pleosporales, Paraphaeosphaeria sporulosa, a worldwide soilborne fungus with biocontrol ability. The transcriptome of strain ZS-1 during the early interaction with S. sclerotiorum at 0, 4 and 12 h was analysed. The detected expressed genes were involved in responses to host defenses, including cell-wall-degrading enzymes, transporters, secretory proteins and secondary metabolite productions. Seventeen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of fungal cell-wall-degrading enzymes (FCWDs) were up-regulated during parasitism, with only one down-regulated. Most of the monocarboxylate transporter genes of the major facilitator superfamily and all the detected ABC transporters, especially the heavy metal transporters, were significantly up-regulated. Approximately 8 % of the 11 437 proteins in C. minitans were predicted to be secretory proteins with catalytic activity. In the molecular function category, hydrolase activity, peptidase activity and serine hydrolase activity were enriched. Most genes involved in serine hydrolase activity were significantly up-regulated. This genomic analysis and genome-wide expression study demonstrates that the mycoparasitism process of C. minitans is complex and a broad range of proteins are deployed by C. minitans to successfully invade its host. Our study provides insights into the mechanisms of the mycoparasitism between C. minitans and S. sclerotiorum and identifies potential secondary metabolites from C. minitans for application as a biocontrol agent.

ACS Style

Huizhang Zhao; Ting Zhou; Jiatao Xie; Jiasen Cheng; Tao Chen; Daohong Jiang; Yanping Fu. Mycoparasitism illuminated by genome and transcriptome sequencing of Coniothyrium minitans, an important biocontrol fungus of the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Microbial Genomics 2020, 6, e000345 .

AMA Style

Huizhang Zhao, Ting Zhou, Jiatao Xie, Jiasen Cheng, Tao Chen, Daohong Jiang, Yanping Fu. Mycoparasitism illuminated by genome and transcriptome sequencing of Coniothyrium minitans, an important biocontrol fungus of the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Microbial Genomics. 2020; 6 (3):e000345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huizhang Zhao; Ting Zhou; Jiatao Xie; Jiasen Cheng; Tao Chen; Daohong Jiang; Yanping Fu. 2020. "Mycoparasitism illuminated by genome and transcriptome sequencing of Coniothyrium minitans, an important biocontrol fungus of the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Microbial Genomics 6, no. 3: e000345.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2020 in Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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Aim24 proteins are involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and accumulate between the two membranes of a mitochondrion. Their function in prokaryotes and filamentous fungi is as yet unknown. In the present study, we characterized an Aim24 protein, CmAim24, in the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans and proved its critical role in mitochondrial morphology and function, conidiogenesis, conidial germination, and mycoparasitism to S. sclerotiorum .

ACS Style

Xiaoxiang Yang; Huizhang Zhao; Chenwei Luo; Lei Du; Jiasen Cheng; Jiatao Xie; Daohong Jiang; Yanping Fu. CmAim24 Is Essential for Mitochondrial Morphology, Conidiogenesis, and Mycoparasitism in Coniothyrium minitans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2020, 86, 1 .

AMA Style

Xiaoxiang Yang, Huizhang Zhao, Chenwei Luo, Lei Du, Jiasen Cheng, Jiatao Xie, Daohong Jiang, Yanping Fu. CmAim24 Is Essential for Mitochondrial Morphology, Conidiogenesis, and Mycoparasitism in Coniothyrium minitans. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2020; 86 (5):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiaoxiang Yang; Huizhang Zhao; Chenwei Luo; Lei Du; Jiasen Cheng; Jiatao Xie; Daohong Jiang; Yanping Fu. 2020. "CmAim24 Is Essential for Mitochondrial Morphology, Conidiogenesis, and Mycoparasitism in Coniothyrium minitans." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 86, no. 5: 1.

Original research article
Published: 11 February 2020 in Frontiers in Microbiology
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Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans parasitizes specifically the mycelia or sclerotia of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a worldwidely spread plant fungal pathogen causing serious diseases on crops. The interaction of C. minitans with S. sclerotiorum remains reciprocal and complex and little is known, especially on the side of the host (S. sclerotiorum). In this study, the early transcriptional response of S. sclerotiorum to the mycoparasitism by C. minitans was explored and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. Based on GO ontology, KEGG pathway and fungal categories database, 887 up-regulated DEGs were enriched in the growth related function (i.e., rRNA processing, ribosome biogenesis, binding and transport), while the 546 down-regulated DEGs were enriched in the stress-related functions (i.e., oxidoreductase, response to stress and heat and the chorismate biosynthetic process). The expression of shikimate pathway and the biosynthesis of phenylalanine involving genes was significantly suppressed. Furthermore, 581 unenriched DEGs were explored in the parasitizing process and were mapped on the Pfam domains of redox enzymes, Alpha/Beta hydrolase, haloacid dehalogenase, and other universal conserved domain containing proteins. Thirty-two DEGs encoding candidate effectors, with 16 up-regulated and 16 down-regulated, were observed with diverse function. SS1G_11912 (encoding SsNEP2) was significantly up-regulated and may function in the parasitism. The involving of the shikimate pathway of phenylalanine biosynthesis and effector candidates were discussed. The results provide a basal understand on the interaction of S. sclerotiorum and C. minitans.

ACS Style

Huizhang Zhao; Ting Zhou; Jiatao Xie; Jiasen Cheng; Daohong Jiang; Yanping Fu. Host Transcriptional Response of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Induced by the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans. Frontiers in Microbiology 2020, 11, 183 .

AMA Style

Huizhang Zhao, Ting Zhou, Jiatao Xie, Jiasen Cheng, Daohong Jiang, Yanping Fu. Host Transcriptional Response of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Induced by the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2020; 11 ():183.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huizhang Zhao; Ting Zhou; Jiatao Xie; Jiasen Cheng; Daohong Jiang; Yanping Fu. 2020. "Host Transcriptional Response of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Induced by the Mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans." Frontiers in Microbiology 11, no. : 183.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2020 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, a notorious soil-borne pathogen of various important crops, produces numerous sclerotia to oversummer in the soil. Considering that sclerotia may also be attacked by other microbes in the soil, we hypothesized that sclerotia in soil may affect the community of soil microbes directly and/or indirectly. In this study, we inoculated sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum in soil collected from the field to observe changes in microbial diversity over three months using 16S rRNA and ITS2 sequencing techniques. Alpha diversity indices exhibited a decline in the diversity of microbial communities, while permanova results confirmed a significant difference in the microbial communities of sclerotia-amended and non-amended soil samples. In sclerotia-amended soil, fungal diversity showed enrichment of antagonists such as Clonostachys, Trichoderma, and Talaromyces and a drastic reduction in the plant pathogenic microbes compared to the non-amended soil. Sclerotia not only activated the antagonists but also enhanced the abundance of plant growth-promoting bacteria, such as Chitinophaga, Burkholderia, and Dyella. Moreover, the presence of sclerotia curtailed the growth of several notorious plant pathogenic fungi belonging to various genera such as Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Cladosporium, Athelia, Alternaria, and Macrophomina. Thus, we conclude that S. sclerotiorum when dormant in soil can reduce the diversity of soil microbes, including suppressing plant pathogens and enriching beneficial microbes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a plant pathogen has been found in soil that can significantly suppress other pathogens. Our findings may provide novel cues to understand the ecology of crop pathogens in soil and maintaining soil conditions that could be beneficial for constructing a healthy soil microorganism community required for mitigating soil-borne diseases.

ACS Style

Mirza Abid Mehmood; Huizhang Zhao; Jiasen Cheng; Jiatao Xie; Daohong Jiang; Yanping Fu. Sclerotia of a phytopathogenic fungus restrict microbial diversity and improve soil health by suppressing other pathogens and enriching beneficial microorganisms. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 259, 109857 .

AMA Style

Mirza Abid Mehmood, Huizhang Zhao, Jiasen Cheng, Jiatao Xie, Daohong Jiang, Yanping Fu. Sclerotia of a phytopathogenic fungus restrict microbial diversity and improve soil health by suppressing other pathogens and enriching beneficial microorganisms. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 259 ():109857.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mirza Abid Mehmood; Huizhang Zhao; Jiasen Cheng; Jiatao Xie; Daohong Jiang; Yanping Fu. 2020. "Sclerotia of a phytopathogenic fungus restrict microbial diversity and improve soil health by suppressing other pathogens and enriching beneficial microorganisms." Journal of Environmental Management 259, no. : 109857.

Journal article
Published: 17 January 2020 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Botrytis cinerea, a ubiquitous necrotrophic plant-pathogenic fungus, is responsible for grey mold and rot disease in a very wide range of plant species. Subtilisin-like proteases (or subtilases) are a very diverse family of serine proteases present in many organisms and are reported to have a broad spectrum of biological functions. Here, we identified two genes encoding subtilisin-like proteases (Bcser1 and Bcser2) in the genome of B. cinerea, both of which contain an inhibitor I9 domain and a peptidase S8 domain. The expression levels of Bcser1 and Bcser2 increased during the sclerotial forming stage, as well as during a later stage of hyphal infection on Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, but the up-regulation of Bcser1 was significantly higher than that of Bcser2. Interestingly, deletion of Bcser1 had no effect on the fungal development or virulence of B. cinerea. However, deletion of Bcser2 or double deletion of Bcser1 and Bcser2 severely impaired the hyphal growth, sclerotial formation and conidiation of B. cinerea. We also found that ∆Bcser2 and ∆Bcser1/2 could not form complete infection cushions and then lost the ability to infect intact plant leaves of Arabidopsis and tomato but could infect wounded plant tissues. Taken together, our results indicate that the subtilisin-like protease Bcser2 is crucial for the sclerotial formation, conidiation, and virulence of B. cinerea.

ACS Style

Xinqiang Liu; Jiatao Xie; Yanping Fu; Daohong Jiang; Tao Chen; Jiasen Cheng. The Subtilisin-Like Protease Bcser2 Affects the Sclerotial Formation, Conidiation and Virulence of Botrytis cinerea. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2020, 21, 603 .

AMA Style

Xinqiang Liu, Jiatao Xie, Yanping Fu, Daohong Jiang, Tao Chen, Jiasen Cheng. The Subtilisin-Like Protease Bcser2 Affects the Sclerotial Formation, Conidiation and Virulence of Botrytis cinerea. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020; 21 (2):603.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xinqiang Liu; Jiatao Xie; Yanping Fu; Daohong Jiang; Tao Chen; Jiasen Cheng. 2020. "The Subtilisin-Like Protease Bcser2 Affects the Sclerotial Formation, Conidiation and Virulence of Botrytis cinerea." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 2: 603.

Note
Published: 01 November 2019 in Plant Disease
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ACS Style

L. Feng; Z. Qu; J. S. Cheng; J. T. Xie; Y. P. Fu; D. Y. Guo. First Report of Postharvest Rot Caused by Rhizopus oryzae of Kiwifruit in Shandong Province, China. Plant Disease 2019, 103, 2951 -2951.

AMA Style

L. Feng, Z. Qu, J. S. Cheng, J. T. Xie, Y. P. Fu, D. Y. Guo. First Report of Postharvest Rot Caused by Rhizopus oryzae of Kiwifruit in Shandong Province, China. Plant Disease. 2019; 103 (11):2951-2951.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. Feng; Z. Qu; J. S. Cheng; J. T. Xie; Y. P. Fu; D. Y. Guo. 2019. "First Report of Postharvest Rot Caused by Rhizopus oryzae of Kiwifruit in Shandong Province, China." Plant Disease 103, no. 11: 2951-2951.

Journal article
Published: 16 August 2019 in Viruses
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Infection by diverse mycoviruses is a common phenomenon in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In this study, the full genome of a single-stranded RNA mycovirus, tentatively named Hubei sclerotinia RNA virus 1 (HuSRV1), was determined in the hypovirulent strain 277 of S. sclerotiorum. The HuSRV1 genome is 4492 nucleotides (nt) long and lacks a poly (A) tail at the 3'- terminus. Sequence analyses showed that the HuSRV1 genome contains four putative open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1a was presumed to encode a protein with a conserved protease domain and a transmembrane domain. This protein is 27% identical to the P2a protein encoded by the subterranean clover mottle virus. ORF1b encodes a protein containing a conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain, which may be translated into a fusion protein by a -1 ribosome frameshift. This protein is 45.9% identical to P2b encoded by the sowbane mosaic virus. ORF2 was found to encode a putative coat protein, which shares 23% identical to the coat protein encoded by the olive mild mosaic virus. ORF3 was presumed to encode a putative protein with an unknown function. Evolutionary relation analyses indicated that HuSRV1 is related to members within Sobemovirus, but forms a unique phylogenetic branch, suggesting that HuSRV1 represents a new member within Solemoviridae. HuSRV1 virions, approximately 30 nm in diameter, were purified from strain 277. The purified virions were successfully introduced into virulent strain Ep-1PNA367, resulting in a new hypovirulent strain, which confirmed that HuSRV1 confers hypovirulence on S. sclerotiorum.

ACS Style

Ayesha Azhar; Fan Mu; Huang Huang; Jiasen Cheng; Yanping Fu; Muhammad Rizwan Hamid; Daohong Jiang; Jiatao Xie; Mu; Fu; Xie. A Novel RNA Virus Related to Sobemoviruses Confers Hypovirulence on the Phytopathogenic Fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Viruses 2019, 11, 759 .

AMA Style

Ayesha Azhar, Fan Mu, Huang Huang, Jiasen Cheng, Yanping Fu, Muhammad Rizwan Hamid, Daohong Jiang, Jiatao Xie, Mu, Fu, Xie. A Novel RNA Virus Related to Sobemoviruses Confers Hypovirulence on the Phytopathogenic Fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Viruses. 2019; 11 (8):759.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ayesha Azhar; Fan Mu; Huang Huang; Jiasen Cheng; Yanping Fu; Muhammad Rizwan Hamid; Daohong Jiang; Jiatao Xie; Mu; Fu; Xie. 2019. "A Novel RNA Virus Related to Sobemoviruses Confers Hypovirulence on the Phytopathogenic Fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Viruses 11, no. 8: 759.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2019 in Viruses
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We previously determined that virions of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hypovirulence associated DNA virus 1 (SsHADV-1) could directly infect hyphae of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, resulting in hypovirulence of the fungal host. However, the molecular mechanisms of SsHADV-1 virions disruption of the fungal cell wall barrier and entrance into the host cell are still unclear. To investigate the early response of S. sclerotiorum to SsHADV-1 infection, S. sclerotiorum hyphae were inoculated with purified SsHADV-1 virions. The pre- and post-infection hyphae were collected at one⁻three hours post-inoculation for transcriptome analysis. Further, bioinformatic analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by SsHADV-1 infection were identified in S. sclerotiorum. In total, 187 genes were differentially expressed, consisting of more up-regulated (114) than down-regulated (73) genes. The identified DEGs were involved in several important pathways. Metabolic processes, biosynthesis of antibiotics, and secondary metabolites were the most affected categories in S. sclerotiorum upon SsHADV-1 infection. Cell structure analysis suggested that 26% of the total DEGs were related to membrane tissues. Furthermore, 10 and 27 DEGs were predicted to be located in the cell membrane and mitochondria, respectively. Gene ontology enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed, followed by functional annotation of the genes. Interestingly, one third of the annotated functional DEGs could be involved in the Ras-small G protein signal transduction pathway. These results revealed that SsHADV-1 virions may be able to bind host membrane proteins and influence signal transduction through Ras-small G protein-coupled receptors during early infection, providing new insight towards the molecular mechanisms of virions infection in S. sclerotiorum.

ACS Style

Feng Ding; Jiasen Cheng; Yanping Fu; Tao Chen; Bo Li; Daohong Jiang; Jiatao Xie. Early Transcriptional Response to DNA Virus Infection in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Viruses 2019, 11, 278 .

AMA Style

Feng Ding, Jiasen Cheng, Yanping Fu, Tao Chen, Bo Li, Daohong Jiang, Jiatao Xie. Early Transcriptional Response to DNA Virus Infection in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Viruses. 2019; 11 (3):278.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Feng Ding; Jiasen Cheng; Yanping Fu; Tao Chen; Bo Li; Daohong Jiang; Jiatao Xie. 2019. "Early Transcriptional Response to DNA Virus Infection in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Viruses 11, no. 3: 278.

Original research article
Published: 08 November 2018 in Frontiers in Microbiology
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Coniothyrium minitans is a sclerotial parasite, which has been investigated for commercial control of crop diseases caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Previously, we obtained a T-DNA insertional mutant, ZS-1TN24363, which did not produce melanin during conidiation. To understand the function of melanin in C. minitans, we cloned the gene that was disrupted by the T-DNA insertion, and found that this gene, called CmMR1, encoded a putative protein of 1,011 amino acids, which is a homolog of the transcription factor MR. Full-length CmMR1 contains 3,167 bp, with three exons and two introns. To confirm that the disrupted gene is responsible for the melanin-deficiency of the mutant, CmMR1 was disrupted and three targeted knockout mutants were obtained. Biological assays showed that the phenotype of the targeted knockout mutants was similar to that of the T-DNA insertional mutant. Furthermore, gene complementation confirmed that CmMR1 is responsible for the mutant phenotype. CmMR1 disruption did not affect hyphal growth, conidiation, and parasitization of C. minitans, however, the ROS accumulation increased and tolerance to UV light decreased significantly in the mutants. Our result may enhance the understanding of melanin in the ecology of C. minitans on molecular level.

ACS Style

Chenwei Luo; Huizhang Zhao; Xiaoxiang Yang; Cuicui Qiang; Jiasen Cheng; Jiatao Xie; Tao Chen; Daohong Jiang; Yanping Fu. Functional Analysis of the Melanin-Associated Gene CmMR1 in Coniothyrium minitans. Frontiers in Microbiology 2018, 9, 2658 .

AMA Style

Chenwei Luo, Huizhang Zhao, Xiaoxiang Yang, Cuicui Qiang, Jiasen Cheng, Jiatao Xie, Tao Chen, Daohong Jiang, Yanping Fu. Functional Analysis of the Melanin-Associated Gene CmMR1 in Coniothyrium minitans. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2018; 9 ():2658.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chenwei Luo; Huizhang Zhao; Xiaoxiang Yang; Cuicui Qiang; Jiasen Cheng; Jiatao Xie; Tao Chen; Daohong Jiang; Yanping Fu. 2018. "Functional Analysis of the Melanin-Associated Gene CmMR1 in Coniothyrium minitans." Frontiers in Microbiology 9, no. : 2658.

Research article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Phytopathology®
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Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play a central role in cellular growth, proliferation, and survival. MAPK cascade genes have been extensively investigated in model plants, mammals, yeast, and fungi but are not characterized in Plasmodiophora brassicae, which causes clubroot disease in cruciferous plants. Here, we identified 7 PbMAPK, 3 PbMAPKK, and 9 PbMAPKKK genes in the P. brassicae genome. Transcriptional profiling analysis demonstrated that several MAPK, MAPK kinase (MAPKK), and MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) genes were preferentially expressed in three different zoosporic stages. Based on yeast two-hybrid assays, PbMAKKK7 interacted with PbMAKK3 and PbMAKK3 interacted with PbMAK1/PbMAK3. The PbMAKKK7-PbMAKK3-PbMAK1/PbMAK3 cascade may be present in P. brassicae. U0126, a potent and specific inhibitor of MAPKK, could inhibit the germination of P. brassicae resting spores. U0126 was used to treat the resting spores of P. brassicae and coinoculate rapeseed, and was proven to significantly relieve the severity of clubroot symptoms in the host plant and delay the life cycle of P. brassicae. These results suggest that MAPK signaling pathways may play important roles in P. brassicae growth, development, and pathogenicity.

ACS Style

Tao Chen; Kai Bi; Yanli Zhao; Xueliang Lyu; Zhixiao Gao; Ying Zhao; Yanping Fu; Jiasen Cheng; Jiatao Xie; Daohong Jiang. MAPKK Inhibitor U0126 Inhibits Plasmodiophora brassicae Development. Phytopathology® 2018, 108, 711 -720.

AMA Style

Tao Chen, Kai Bi, Yanli Zhao, Xueliang Lyu, Zhixiao Gao, Ying Zhao, Yanping Fu, Jiasen Cheng, Jiatao Xie, Daohong Jiang. MAPKK Inhibitor U0126 Inhibits Plasmodiophora brassicae Development. Phytopathology®. 2018; 108 (6):711-720.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao Chen; Kai Bi; Yanli Zhao; Xueliang Lyu; Zhixiao Gao; Ying Zhao; Yanping Fu; Jiasen Cheng; Jiatao Xie; Daohong Jiang. 2018. "MAPKK Inhibitor U0126 Inhibits Plasmodiophora brassicae Development." Phytopathology® 108, no. 6: 711-720.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2018 in Viruses
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Various mycoviruses have been isolated from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Here, we identified a viral RNA sequence contig, representing a novel virus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum deltaflexivirus 2 (SsDFV2), from an RNA_Seq database. We found that SsDFV2 was harbored in the hypovirulent strain, 228, which grew slowly on potato dextrose agar, produced a few sclerotia, and could not induce typical lesions on detached rapeseed (Brassica napus) leaves. Strain 228 was also infected by Botrytis porri RNA Virus 1 (BpRV1), a virus originally isolated from Botrytis porri. The genome of SsDFV2 comprised 6711 nucleotides, excluding the poly (A) tail, and contained a single large predicted open reading frame encoding a putative viral RNA replicase. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that SsDFV2 is closely related to viruses in the family Deltaflexiviridae; however, it also differs significantly from members of this family, suggesting that it may represent a new species. Further we determined that SsDFV2 could be efficiently transmitted to host vegetative incompatible individuals by dual culture. To our best knowledge, this is the first report that a (+) ssRNA mycovirus can overcome the transmission limitations of the vegetative incompatibility system, a phenomenon that may facilitate the potential use of mycoviruses for the control of crop fungal diseases.

ACS Style

Muhammad Rizwan Hamid; Jiatao Xie; Songsong Wu; Shahzeen Kanwal Maria; Dan Zheng; Abdoulaye Assane Hamidou; Qihua Wang; Jiasen Cheng; Yanping Fu; Daohong Jiang. A Novel Deltaflexivirus that Infects the Plant Fungal Pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Can Be Transmitted Among Host Vegetative Incompatible Strains. Viruses 2018, 10, 295 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Rizwan Hamid, Jiatao Xie, Songsong Wu, Shahzeen Kanwal Maria, Dan Zheng, Abdoulaye Assane Hamidou, Qihua Wang, Jiasen Cheng, Yanping Fu, Daohong Jiang. A Novel Deltaflexivirus that Infects the Plant Fungal Pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Can Be Transmitted Among Host Vegetative Incompatible Strains. Viruses. 2018; 10 (6):295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Rizwan Hamid; Jiatao Xie; Songsong Wu; Shahzeen Kanwal Maria; Dan Zheng; Abdoulaye Assane Hamidou; Qihua Wang; Jiasen Cheng; Yanping Fu; Daohong Jiang. 2018. "A Novel Deltaflexivirus that Infects the Plant Fungal Pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Can Be Transmitted Among Host Vegetative Incompatible Strains." Viruses 10, no. 6: 295.

Original research article
Published: 10 November 2017 in Frontiers in Microbiology
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Coniothyrium minitans is an important mycoparasite of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In addition, it also produces small amounts of antifungal substances. ZS-1TN1812, an abnormal mutant, was originally screened from a T-DNA insertional library. This mutant showed abnormal growth phenotype and could significantly inhibit the growth of S. sclerotiorum when dual-cultured on a PDA plate. When spraying the filtrate of ZS-1TN1812 on the leaves of rapeseed, S. sclerotiorum infection was significantly inhibited, suggesting that the antifungal substances produced by this mutant were effective on rapeseed leaves. The thermo-tolerant antifungal substances could specifically suppress the growth of S. sclerotiorum, but could not significantly suppress the growth of another fungus, Colletotrichum higginsianum. However, C. higginsianum was more sensitive to proteinous antibiotics than S. sclerotiorum. The T-DNA insertion in ZS-1TN1812 activated the expression of CmSIT1, a gene involved in siderophore-mediated iron transport. It was also determined that mutant ZS-1TN1812 produced hypha with high iron levels. In the wild-type strain, ZS-1, CmSIT1 was expressed only when in contact with S. sclerotiorum, and consistent overexpression of CmSIT1 showed similar phenotypes in ZS-1TN1812. Therefore, activated expression of CmSIT1 leads to the enhanced antifungal ability, and CmSIT1 is a potential gene for improving the control of C. minitans.

ACS Style

Xiping Sun; Ying Zhao; Jichun Jia; Jiatao Xie; Jiasen Cheng; Huiquan Liu; Daohong Jiang; Yanping Fu. Uninterrupted Expression of CmSIT1 in a Sclerotial Parasite Coniothyrium minitans Leads to Reduced Growth and Enhanced Antifungal Ability. Frontiers in Microbiology 2017, 8, 2208 .

AMA Style

Xiping Sun, Ying Zhao, Jichun Jia, Jiatao Xie, Jiasen Cheng, Huiquan Liu, Daohong Jiang, Yanping Fu. Uninterrupted Expression of CmSIT1 in a Sclerotial Parasite Coniothyrium minitans Leads to Reduced Growth and Enhanced Antifungal Ability. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2017; 8 ():2208.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiping Sun; Ying Zhao; Jichun Jia; Jiatao Xie; Jiasen Cheng; Huiquan Liu; Daohong Jiang; Yanping Fu. 2017. "Uninterrupted Expression of CmSIT1 in a Sclerotial Parasite Coniothyrium minitans Leads to Reduced Growth and Enhanced Antifungal Ability." Frontiers in Microbiology 8, no. : 2208.

Journal article
Published: 27 October 2017 in New Phytologist
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Cerato-platanin proteins (CPs), which are secreted by filamentous fungi, are phytotoxic to host plants, but their functions have not been well defined to date. Here we characterized a CP (SsCP1) from the necrotrophic phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Sscp1 transcripts accumulated during plant infection, and deletion of Sscp1 significantly reduced virulence. SsCP1 could induce significant cell death when expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Using yeast two-hybrid, GST pull-down, co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular florescence complementation, we found that SsCP1 interacts with PR1 in the apoplast to facilitate infection by S. sclerotiorum. Overexpressing PR1 enhanced resistance to the wild-type strain, but not to the Sscp1 knockout strain of S. sclerotiorum. Sscp1-expressing transgenic plants showed increased concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) and higher levels of resistance to several plant pathogens (namely Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria brassicicola and Golovinomyces orontii). Our results suggest that SsCP1 is important for virulence of S. sclerotiorum and that it can be recognized by plants to trigger plant defense responses. Our results also suggest that the SA signaling pathway is involved in CP-mediated plant defense .

ACS Style

Guogen Yang; Liguang Tang; Yingdi Gong; Jiatao Xie; Yanping Fu; Daohong Jiang; Tang Liguang; David B. Collinge; Weidong Chen; Jiasen Cheng. A cerato-platanin protein SsCP1 targets plant PR1 and contributes to virulence ofSclerotinia sclerotiorum. New Phytologist 2017, 217, 739 -755.

AMA Style

Guogen Yang, Liguang Tang, Yingdi Gong, Jiatao Xie, Yanping Fu, Daohong Jiang, Tang Liguang, David B. Collinge, Weidong Chen, Jiasen Cheng. A cerato-platanin protein SsCP1 targets plant PR1 and contributes to virulence ofSclerotinia sclerotiorum. New Phytologist. 2017; 217 (2):739-755.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guogen Yang; Liguang Tang; Yingdi Gong; Jiatao Xie; Yanping Fu; Daohong Jiang; Tang Liguang; David B. Collinge; Weidong Chen; Jiasen Cheng. 2017. "A cerato-platanin protein SsCP1 targets plant PR1 and contributes to virulence ofSclerotinia sclerotiorum." New Phytologist 217, no. 2: 739-755.