This study presents notions related to the reliability–exploitation analysis of electronic transport systems, which are used in the railway environment. Intentional or unintentional (stationary or mobile) electromagnetic interference existing in a vast railway area may be the cause of disturbance in its operation. Thus, it is important to ensure correct operation of electronic transport systems in an electromagnetic environment existing in a railway area. The reliability–exploitation analysis of electronic transport systems was conducted with the consideration of electromagnetic interference. This enabled the specification of the values of probability of the system staying in specific states.

Among the most valuable types of renewable energy available today is wind energy. The reliability of WF systems must be regularly evaluated at every stage of their “life,” from design to operation, if a wind farm energy system is to be effective and function damage-free. Three key goals are presented in the article. The theory of fundamental quantities in reliability and maintenance analysis should be derived and explained first. Second, as a consequence of maintainability, theoretical correlations between reliability and mean time between failures (MTBF) are provided. The three-state theory of the WF procedure for operation presented in the research serves as the foundation for the analytical analysis of WF reliability. The time between failures is investigated as a function of maintainability, and the dependability of the WF under examination is assessed as a function of service life. The WF owner can make the best decisions to renew the WF and increase its reliability, energy, financial efficiency, etc. by being aware of the existing reliability of the WF system in use.

The article discusses an analysis of the operational and reliability issues, which regards selected fire alarm systems (FAS) exhibiting different functional structures. These systems are operated in a vast transport area, within a specific environment. We can distinguish three basic structures of these systems – focused, dispersed and mixed. A given system functional structure, utilized within a facility (a given area) is a function depending on the configuration, internal connections of elements and devices, and a developed fire scenario. The application of a given system structure for fire protection also depends on the legislation determining the approval of a facility (area) for use. The process of executing a scenario in the event of a fire is ensured by an algorithm implemented in the alarm central unit and other elements of the system. The implementation of all the system requirements specified within a given procedure algorithm depends on, e.g., an appropriate reliability structure and environmental conditions. The article analyses the operational process of selected FAS, which are operated within a vast transport area. It discusses the actual results of the operational process tests, e.g., repair and damage durations. Next, operational relationship graph, taking into account the conducted operational test, was developed. This enabled the determination of relationships that allow to specify the operating and reliability parameters in terms of a FAS staying in the states distinguished for the research. The FAS test methodology presented in the article, owing to meeting specific performance requirements, can be used in the course of developing a fire scenario and designing systems, taking into account various available technical solutions.

The article presents issues regarding the impact of operating conditions on the functional reliability of representative fire alarm systems (FASs) in selected critical infrastructure buildings (CIB). FAS should operate correctly under variable environmental conditions. FASs ensure the safety of people and CIB. Operational measurements for 10 representative systems were conducted in order to determine the impact of environmental conditions on FAS reliability. Selected operational indices were also determined. The next stage involved developing two models of representative FASs and the availability, pre-ageing time and operating process security indices. Determining operational indices is a rational selection of FAS technical and organizational solutions that enables the reliability level to be increased. Identifying the course of the FAS operating process security hazard changes in individual system lines, particularly at the initial operation stage, enables people that supervise the operation to affect operating parameters on an ongoing basis. The article is structured in the following order: issue analysis, FAS power supply in CIB, operational test results, selected FAS operating process models, determination of operational and security indices, and conclusions.

This article presents the issues related to the functioning and reliability and operational analysis of light-emitting diode (LED) type lighting modules, which are used in the railway technology. These devices operate in different electromagnetic environment conditions in the vast railway area. In the railway area, there are intentional and unintentional electromagnetic (stationary and mobile) interference which affect the operation process of the LED type lighting modules. In the article, the electromagnetic compatibility tests of the lighting module with a converter were carried out with the use of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) receiver of the ESCI3 type and the NNB-51 artificial network. As a result of the carried-out electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) tests, the exceeding of permissible levels of the value of conducted interference emissions was found. The electromagnetic interference of this frequency range has an impact on the operation process of the lighting module with a converter, therefore, by using the appropriate relationships, the values of the probabilities of the system staying in the distinguished operation states were calculated (e.g., in two states of partial suitability distinguished in the LED lighting module due to parallel coupling through reference impedance Z and capacity C). The considerations presented in the article related to the LED type lighting module with regard to electromagnetic interference allow for numerical assessment of different types of (technical and organisational) solutions that can be implemented in order to minimise the electromagnetic interference impact on the system functioning.