Grid-Forming converters (GFMs) are faced with the threat of inrush current and sever transient instability issues during grid faults, which calls for fault ride through (FRT) capability. Several FRT control strategies are proposed for single GFM connected to grid system in existing literatures while transient interaction mechanism among paralleled GFMs still remain unrevealed and corresponding FRT control are rarely discussed. To fill this gap, coordinated FRT control based on mode-switching is proposed for paralleled GFMs in this paper. The proposed FRT control would turn GFMs into current control mode during grid fault periods and return to voltage control mode after fault clearance, which enables current control flexibility during grid fault. To guarantee stable operation throughout fault period, transient interaction models in current control mode and voltage control mode are established respectively. Then, design-oriented transient stability analysis is carried out using equal area criterion (EAC) theory. Finally, detailed simulation results based on PSCAD/EMTDC and experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of proposed method.

Extreme disasters have become increasingly common in recent years and pose significant dangers to the integrated energy system’s secure and dependable energy supply. As a vital part of an integrated energy system, the energy storage system can help with emergency rescue and recovery during major disasters. In addition, it can improve energy utilization rates and regulate fluctuations in renewable energy under normal conditions. In this study, the sizing scheme of multi-energy storage equipment in the electric–thermal–hydrogen integrated energy system is optimized; economic optimization in the regular operating scenario and resilience enhancement in extreme disaster scenarios are also considered. A refined model of multi-energy storage is constructed, and a two-layer capacity configuration optimization model is proposed. This model is further enhanced by the integration of a Markov two-state fault transmission model, which simulates equipment defects and improves system resilience. The optimization process is solved using the tabu chaotic quantum particle swarm optimization (TCQPSO) algorithm to provide reliable and accurate optimization results. The results indicate that addressing severe disaster situations in a capacity configuration fully leverages the reserve energy function of energy storage and enhances system resilience while maintaining economic efficiency; furthermore, adjusting the load loss penalty coefficients offers a more targeted approach to the balancing of the system economy and resilience. Thus, new algorithmic choices and planning strategies for future research on enhancing the resilience of integrated energy systems under extreme disaster scenarios are provided.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have the lead as the most used power source for electric vehicles and grid storage systems, and a battery thermal management system (BTMS) can ensure the efficient and safe operation of lithium-ion batteries. Epoxy resin board (ERB) offers a wide range of applications in LIBs due to its significant advantages such as high dielectric strength, electrical insulation, good mechanical strength, and stiffness. This study proposes an air-cooled battery module comprised of sixteen prismatic batteries incorporating an ERB layer between the batteries. To compare the performance of the ERB-based air-cooling system, two other air-cooling structures are also assessed in this study. Three-dimensional numerical models for the three cases are established in this paper, and the heat dissipation processes of the battery module under varying discharge rates (1C, 2C, and 5C) are simulated and analyzed to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the different cooling systems. Comparative simulations reveal that incorporating ERB into the battery assembly significantly reduces battery surface temperatures and promotes temperature uniformity across individual batteries and the entire pack at various discharge rates. Notably, under 5C discharge conditions, the ERB-based thermal management system achieves a maximum battery surface temperature increase of 16 °C and a maximum temperature difference of 8 °C between batteries. Additionally, this paper also analyzes the impact of battery arrangement on air-cooling system performance. Therefore, further optimization of the structural design or the integration of supplementary cooling media might be necessary for such demanding conditions.

The spatiotemporal energy-shifting and moving flexibility of mobile energy storage (MES) can be explored to effectively support the operation security and resilience of distribution network. With this regard, a discrete multilayer spatiotemporal coupled network is first established to model the power charging/discharging, energy-shifting and moving-trajectory coupling of MESs; then a two-stage optimal operation strategy of distribution network simutaneously considering the operation flexibility of MESs and distributed generators (DGs) is proposed. In the first stage, the optimized connecting points of MES and optimal power output of DGs are optimized to achieve the minimum distribution network load shedding cost during fault; in the second stage, MES moving trajectory and charging/discharging power, as well as the power output of DGs are collaboratively optimized to minimize the comprehensive operation cost of the distribution network in post-fault. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed two-stage optimal operation strategy considering MES flexibility was verified by the IEEE 33-bus network. Compared to scheme 2 with location-fixed energy storage and scheme 3 with DGs, the proposed approach reduced the load shedding costs by 4.5% and 2.2%, with the distribution network comprehensive operation costs decreased by 3.7% and 10%, respectively.