Although artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) can be deployed to improve cyber security management, not all managers understand the different types of AI/ML and how they are to be deployed alongside the benefits associated with sociocultural intelligence. The aim of this paper was to provide a context within which managers can better appreciate the role that sociocultural intelligence plays so that they can better utilize AI/ML to facilitate cyber threat intelligence (CTI). We focused our attention on explaining how different approaches to intelligence (i.e., the intelligence cycle (IC) and the critical thinking process (CTP)) can be combined and linked with cyber threat intelligence (CTI) so that AI/ML is used effectively. A small group interview was undertaken with five senior security managers based in a range of companies, all of whom had extensive security knowledge and industry experience. The findings suggest that organizational learning, transformational leadership, organizational restructuring, crisis management, and corporate intelligence are fundamental components of threat intelligence and provide a basis upon which a cyber threat intelligence cycle process (CTICP) can be developed to aid the resilience building process. The benefit of this is to increase organizational resilience by more firmly integrating the intelligence activities of the business so that a proactive approach to cyber security management is achieved.

To enhance the effectiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in online retail operations and avoid succumbing to digital myopia, marketers need to be aware of the different approaches to utilizing AI/ML in terms of the information they make available to appropriate groups of consumers. This can be viewed as utilizing AI/ML to improve the customer journey experience. Reflecting on this, the main question to be addressed is: how can retailers utilize big data through the implementation of AI/ML to improve the efficiency of their marketing operations so that customers feel safe buying online? To answer this question, we conducted a systematic literature review and posed several subquestions that resulted in insights into why marketers need to pay specific attention to AI/ML capability. We explain how different AI/ML tools/functionalities can be related to different stages of the AIDA (Awareness, Interest, Desire, and Action) model, which in turn helps retailers to recognize potential opportunities as well as increase consumer confidence. We outline how digital myopia can be reduced by focusing on human inputs. Although challenges still exist, it is clear that retailers need to identify the boundaries in terms of AI/ML’s ability to enhance the company’s business model.

Exercises, drills, or simulations are widely used, by governments, agencies and commercial organizations, to simulate serious incidents and train staff how to respond to them. International cooperation has led to increasingly large-scale exercises, often involving hundreds or even thousands of participants in many locations. The difference between ‘large’ and ‘small’ exercises is more than one of size: (a) Large exercises are more ‘experiential’ and more likely to undermine any model of reality that single organizations may create; (b) they create a ‘play space’ in which organizations and individuals act out their own needs and identifications, and a ritual with strong social implications; (c) group-analytic psychotherapy suggests that the emotions aroused in a large group may be stronger and more difficult to control. Feelings are an unacknowledged major factor in the success or failure of exercises; (d) successful large exercises help improve the nature of trust between individuals and the organizations they represent, changing it from a situational trust to a personal trust; (e) it is more difficult to learn from large exercises or to apply the lessons identified; (f) however, large exercises can help develop organizations and individuals. Exercises (and simulation in general) need to be approached from a broader multidisciplinary direction if their full potential is to be realized.

In this paper, insights are provided into how senior managers can establish a global cyber security model that raises cyber security awareness among staff in a partnership arrangement and ensures that cyber attacks are anticipated and dealt with in real time. We deployed a qualitative research strategy that involved a group interview involving cyber security and intelligence experts. The coding approach was used to identify the themes in the data and, in addition, a number of categories and subcategories were identified. The mind map approach was utilized to identify the thought processes of senior managers in relation to ensuring that the cyber security management process is effective. The global cyber security model can be used by senior managers to establish a framework for dealing with a range of cyber security attacks, as well as to upgrade the cyber security skill and knowledge base of individuals. In order for a cyber security mentality to be established, senior managers need to ensure that staff are focused on organizational vulnerability and resilience, there is an open and transparent communication process in place, and staff are committed to sharing cyber security knowledge. By placing cyber security within the context of a partnership arrangement, senior managers can adopt a collectivist approach to cyber security and benefit from the knowledge of external experts.

Purpose: This study explains how retailers can use the knowledge function of attitudinal theories to understand how millennials in a collectivist emerging market, trade-off between a satisfactory customer service experience versus price when repurchasing a smartphone.Design/methodology/approach: 356 usable questionnaires (86% response rate) were collected and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM), AMOS.Findings: Millennials in Vietnam tend to adopt an individualistic approach when repurchasing a smartphone and utilise their knowledge of the product. However, they value personalised customer service that is specific to their needs, especially interactions with sales staff that raises their confidence and self-esteem. The unique interaction allows authorised retailers to distinguish themselves from unauthorised retailers. Repurchase behaviour is encouraged by low uncertainty avoidance in conjunction with price sensitivity; and the desire to be seen as achieving a high social status.Research limitations/implications: The data for the study was collected in Hanoi, the main city of Vietnam and is representative only of urban-based millennials.Practical implications: Retailers considering entering an collectivist emerging market need to understand that millennials are price sensitive and may repurchase from unauthorised retailers. Accurate information and sales promotions can be used to stimulate demand for a high involvement product.Originality/value: Functional theories of attitudes is used to link the concept of customer service with knowledge function utilisation in order to establish how customers in a collectivist emerging market process information and share knowledge through socialisation.

Cyber security is supportive of robotic service provision, the objective of which is to help marketers achieve their aim of providing a high level of service. Marketers need to be aware of cyber security issues and adhere to established cyber security policies. We investigate trust and commitment in relation to customer retention while assessing the mediating role of robotic service quality (RSQ). We employ a survey-based study that utilises 231 valid responses from customers in São Paulo, Brazil. To analyse the data, we used partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show that trust and commitment have a positive impact on customer retention. RSQ has a partial mediation effect on the relationship between the latent constructs of trust, commitment, and customer retention. Thus, it can be suggested that RSQ, which embeds trust and commitment, assists in building a loyal customer base. Marketers outside the Latin American region can benefit from the results of this study since it incorporates cyber security awareness and policy within marketing strategy implementation, ensuring that RSQ is aligned in terms of the digitalisation goals of the company.