A comparative study of the physicochemical properties of natural bentonite clays of Pogodayevo (Republic of Kazakhstan, mod. 1) and Dash-Salakhli (Republic of Azerbaijan, mod. 2) deposits and modification of the bentonite clay with polyhydroxocations of iron (III) and aluminium (III). The amount of bentonite in the concentration of iron (aluminum) was 5 mmol Me³⁺/g. It was established that the modification of natural bentonites using polyhydroxocations of iron (III) (mod. 1_Fe_5-c, mod. 2_Fe_5-c) and aluminum (III) (mod. 1_Al_5-c, mod. 2_Al_5-c) by the method of “co-precipitation” leads to a change in their chemical composition, structural and sorption properties. The results showed that hydroxy-aluminum cations ([Al₃O₄(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂]⁷⁺) and poly-hydroxyl-Fe or polyoxo-Fe were intercalated into clay layers, which led to an increase in the values of d₀₀₁ and specific surface areas compared to those of the original bentonite, from 37 to 120 m²/g for the Pogodaevo bentonite and from 51 to 172 m²/g respectively, for bentonite from the Dash-Salakhli deposit. It is shown that modified sorbents based on natural bentonite are finely porous objects with a predominance of pores of 1.5–8.0 nm in size. As a result, there is a significant increase in the specific surface area of sorbents. Modification of bentonite with polyhydroxocations of iron (III) and aluminum (III) by the “co-precipitation” method also leads to an increase in the sorption capacity of the sorbents obtained with respect to nickel (II) cations. Modified bentonites were used for the adsorption of Ni (II) ions from the model solution. Ni (II) was absorbed in a neutral pH solution. The study of equilibrium adsorption showed that the data are in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the Ni (II) obtained from the Langmuir equation was 25.0 mg/g (mod. 1_Al_5-c), 18.2 mg/g (mod. 2_Al_5-c) for Al-bentonite and 16.7 mg/g (mod. 1_Fe_5-c), 10.1 (mod. 2_Fe_5-c) for Fe-bentonite. The kinetics of adsorption is considered. The high content of Al-OH anion exchange centers in them determines the higher sorption activity of Al-modified bentonites.

A comparative study of the physicochemical properties of natural bentonite clays of Pogodayevо (Republic of Kazakhstan, mod.1) and Dash-Salakhli (Republic of Azerbaijan, mod.2) deposits and modification of the bentonite clay with polyhydroxocations of iron (III) and aluminium (III). It-wasestablished that the modification of natural bentonitesusing polyhydroxocations of iron (III) and aluminium(III) by the method of "co-precipitation" leads to a change in their chemical composition, structural and sorption properties. The results showed that hydroxy-aluminum cations ([Al3O4(OH)24(H2O)12]7+) and poly-hydroxyl-Fe or polyoxo-Fe were intercalated into clay layers, which led to an increase in the values of d001 and specific surface areas compared to those of the original bentonite, from 37 to 120 for the Pogodaevo bentonite and from 51 to 172 respectively for bentonite from the Dash-Salakhli deposit. It is shown that modified sorbents based on natural bentonite are finely porous objects with a predominance of pores of 1.5−6.0 nm in size. As a result, there is a significant increase in the specific surface area of sorbents. Modification of bentonite with polyhydroxocations of iron (III) and aluminium (III) by the "co-precipitation" method also leads to an increase in the sorption capacity of the sorbents obtained with respect to nickel (II) cations. Modified bentonites were used for the adsorption of Ni (II) ions from the model solution. Ni (II) was absorbed in a neutral pH solution. The study of equilibrium adsorption showed that the data are in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the Ni (II) monolayer obtained from the Langmuir equation was 25.0 mg/g (mod. 1_Al_5-c), 18.2 mg/g (mod. 2_Al_5-c) for Al-bentonite and 16.7 mg/g (mod. 1_Fe_5-c), 10.1 (mod. 2_Fe_5-c) for Fe-bentonite. The kinetics of adsorption is considered. The high content of Al-OH anion exchange centresin them determines the higher sorption activity of Al-modified bentonites.

The absorption/desorption of water vapor by bambus[6]uril (Bu[6]) has been studied. According to kinetic experiments, the absorption capacity of Bu[6] is 4 moles of water per 1 mole of Bu[6] with the absorption duration of 20 min and the complete desorption duration of 100 min. Experimental rate constants for water vapor absorption and desorption by Bu[6] have been determined to be 0.166 min⁻¹ and 0.0221 min⁻¹, respectively. The obtained results are in agreement with theoretical calculations using the DFT method. A hypothetical structure of bambus[6]uril tetrahydrate (Bu[6]·4H₂O) has been proposed based on the experimental and DFT data.

Проблема увеличения объема пластиковых отходов становится все более актуальной в связи с ростом производства пластиковых изделий для упаковки, бытовых целей, а также применением полимеров в текстильной промышленности, строительстве, медицине и многих других сферах. Пластиковые предметы занимают значительную долю загрязняющих веществ на суше и море. В ходе данного исследования был проведен анализ полиэтилентерефталата (ПЭТ), полученного из одноразовых бутылок, как потенциальное сырье для производства анодных материалов для литий-ионных аккумуляторов (ЛИА) ввиду его высокого наличия углерода и большого количества эфирных связей [1-3]. Электрохимические исследования указали, что аноды на основе полиэтилентерефталата с модифицированной поверхностью PET-DH обладают выдающимися характеристиками хранения лития. Аноды PET-DH демонстрируют стабильно высокую удельную емкость после многократных циклов зарядки-разрядки, что свидетельствует о перспективности их использования в долговечных ЛИА.

В этой статье рассматривается использование технологии 5E (Вовлечение, исследование, объяснение, разработка, оценка) STEAM образования. Технология применялась на различных занятиях некоторых стран как эффективное средство развития критического мышления учащихся. Представлены теоретические основы данной педагогической модели, ее интеграция с междисциплинарным подходом STEAM (наука, технология, инженерия, искусство, математика), а также результаты практической реализации в средних школах и колледже различных стран. В ходе исследования было выявлено, что внедрение технологии 5E способствует активному вовлечению школьников в учебный процесс, развитию аналитических и исследовательских навыков, а также формированию устойчивого интереса к естественнонаучным дисциплинам. Сделан вывод о том, что систематическое применение данной методики необходимо для повышения качества химического образования и развития интеллектуального потенциала школьников.

The study of the processes occurring in the temperature range of the main decomposition of the organic mass of coal (OMC) makes it possible to understand both the general patterns and the specifics of the decomposition of solid fuels. This temperature interval is used to calculate the kinetic parameters of the process, which carry important information both about the nature of the structural-chemical transformations and about the structure and direction of thermal destruction of OMC. In this article, to study the kinetics of pyrolysis of coal, the method of thermogravimetric analysis was used, in which heating of coal samples was carried out in ceramic crucibles in the temperature range of 25-900 °C at different heating rates (5-25 deg/min) in nitrogen and oxygen media. Coal from the Kenderlyk deposit was chosen as the object of study. Based on the constructed differential DTG curves (dependence of the sample mass change rate on time) at different heating rates, the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis of coal were calculated using the equations of non-isothermal formal kinetics. The effect of the rate and temperature of coal heating on the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis of coal has been studied. The main stages of OMC decomposition are revealed. It has been found that the heating rate of coal samples significantly affects the temperature and process rate corresponding to the main decomposition maxima on the differential DTG curves. The dependence between the kinetic parameters of pyrolysis of coal in the temperature range of the main decomposition of OMC on the rate and temperature of heating, as well as between the kinetic parameters at different stages of the main decomposition of coal, is analyzed.