The study investigates the phytochemical profile, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activities of ethanol (ChL-EtOH) and ethyl acetate (ChL-EtOAc) extracts from Chamaenerion latifolium L. (ChL) harvested in Kazakhstan. The ChL-EtOH extract exhibited higher total phenolic (267.48 ± 3.44 mg GAE/g DE) and flavonoid content (24.18 ± 1.06 mg QE/g DE) compared to ChL-EtOAc. HPLC-UV-ESI/MS identified key phenolic acids and flavonoids, including gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin 3-glucoside. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of characteristic functional groups. Antioxidant assays revealed strong DPPH scavenging and FRAP activities, with ChL-EtOH showing superior results (IC₅₀ = 21.31 ± 0.65 μg/mL and 18.13 ± 0.15 μg/mL, respectively). Additionally, ChL-EtOH displayed notable antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as the fungal strain Candida albicans. These findings suggest that ethanol extraction is more efficient for isolating bioactive compounds from ChL, underscoring its potential for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.

Biowaste conversion into activated carbon is a sustainable and inexpensive approach that relieves the pressure on its disposal. Here, we prepared micro-mesoporous activated carbons (ACs) from cucumber peels through carbonization at 600 °C followed by thermal activation at different temperatures. The ACs were tested as supercapacitors for the first time. The carbon activated at 800 °C (ACP-800) showed a high specific capacitance value of 300 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s in the cyclic voltammetry and 331 F/g at the current density of 0.1 A/g in the galvanostatic charge–discharge analysis. At the current density of 1 A/g, the specific discharge capacitance was 286 F/g and retained 100% capacity after 2000 cycles. Their properties were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, porosity, thermal analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The specific surface area of this sample was calculated to be 2333 m² g⁻¹ using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method. The excellent performance of ACP-800 is mainly attributed to its hierarchical porosity, as the mesopores provide connectivity between the micropores and improve the capacitive performance. These electrochemical properties enable this carbon material prepared from cucumber peels to be a potential source for supercapacitor materials.

This study represents an advancement in the field of composite material engineering, focusing on the synthesis of composite materials derived from porous hydroxyapatite via surface modification employing cucurbit[n]urils, which are highly promising macrocyclic compounds. The surface modification procedure entailed the application of cucurbit[n]urils in an aqueous medium onto the hydroxyapatite surface. A comprehensive characterization of the resulting materials was undertaken, employing analytical techniques including infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Subsequently, the materials were subjected to rigorous evaluation for their hemolytic effect, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity. Remarkably, the findings revealed a notable absence of typical hemolytic effects in materials incorporating surface-bound cucurbit[n]urils. This observation underscores the potential of these modified materials as biocompatible alternatives. Notably, this discovery presents a promising avenue for the fabrication of resilient and efficient biocomposites, offering a viable alternative to conventional approaches. Furthermore, these findings hint at the prospect of employing supramolecular strategies involving encapsulated cucurbit[n]urils in analogous processes. This suggests a novel direction for further research, potentially unlocking new frontiers in material engineering through the exploitation of supramolecular interactions.

A comparative study of the physicochemical properties of natural bentonite clays of Pogodayevo (Republic of Kazakhstan, mod. 1) and Dash-Salakhli (Republic of Azerbaijan, mod. 2) deposits and modification of the bentonite clay with polyhydroxocations of iron (III) and aluminium (III). The amount of bentonite in the concentration of iron (aluminum) was 5 mmol Me³⁺/g. It was established that the modification of natural bentonites using polyhydroxocations of iron (III) (mod. 1_Fe_5-c, mod. 2_Fe_5-c) and aluminum (III) (mod. 1_Al_5-c, mod. 2_Al_5-c) by the method of “co-precipitation” leads to a change in their chemical composition, structural and sorption properties. The results showed that hydroxy-aluminum cations ([Al₃O₄(OH)₂₄(H₂O)₁₂]⁷⁺) and poly-hydroxyl-Fe or polyoxo-Fe were intercalated into clay layers, which led to an increase in the values of d₀₀₁ and specific surface areas compared to those of the original bentonite, from 37 to 120 m²/g for the Pogodaevo bentonite and from 51 to 172 m²/g respectively, for bentonite from the Dash-Salakhli deposit. It is shown that modified sorbents based on natural bentonite are finely porous objects with a predominance of pores of 1.5–8.0 nm in size. As a result, there is a significant increase in the specific surface area of sorbents. Modification of bentonite with polyhydroxocations of iron (III) and aluminum (III) by the “co-precipitation” method also leads to an increase in the sorption capacity of the sorbents obtained with respect to nickel (II) cations. Modified bentonites were used for the adsorption of Ni (II) ions from the model solution. Ni (II) was absorbed in a neutral pH solution. The study of equilibrium adsorption showed that the data are in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the Ni (II) obtained from the Langmuir equation was 25.0 mg/g (mod. 1_Al_5-c), 18.2 mg/g (mod. 2_Al_5-c) for Al-bentonite and 16.7 mg/g (mod. 1_Fe_5-c), 10.1 (mod. 2_Fe_5-c) for Fe-bentonite. The kinetics of adsorption is considered. The high content of Al-OH anion exchange centers in them determines the higher sorption activity of Al-modified bentonites.

A comparative study of the physicochemical properties of natural bentonite clays of Pogodayevо (Republic of Kazakhstan, mod.1) and Dash-Salakhli (Republic of Azerbaijan, mod.2) deposits and modification of the bentonite clay with polyhydroxocations of iron (III) and aluminium (III). It-wasestablished that the modification of natural bentonitesusing polyhydroxocations of iron (III) and aluminium(III) by the method of "co-precipitation" leads to a change in their chemical composition, structural and sorption properties. The results showed that hydroxy-aluminum cations ([Al3O4(OH)24(H2O)12]7+) and poly-hydroxyl-Fe or polyoxo-Fe were intercalated into clay layers, which led to an increase in the values of d001 and specific surface areas compared to those of the original bentonite, from 37 to 120 for the Pogodaevo bentonite and from 51 to 172 respectively for bentonite from the Dash-Salakhli deposit. It is shown that modified sorbents based on natural bentonite are finely porous objects with a predominance of pores of 1.5−6.0 nm in size. As a result, there is a significant increase in the specific surface area of sorbents. Modification of bentonite with polyhydroxocations of iron (III) and aluminium (III) by the "co-precipitation" method also leads to an increase in the sorption capacity of the sorbents obtained with respect to nickel (II) cations. Modified bentonites were used for the adsorption of Ni (II) ions from the model solution. Ni (II) was absorbed in a neutral pH solution. The study of equilibrium adsorption showed that the data are in good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of the Ni (II) monolayer obtained from the Langmuir equation was 25.0 mg/g (mod. 1_Al_5-c), 18.2 mg/g (mod. 2_Al_5-c) for Al-bentonite and 16.7 mg/g (mod. 1_Fe_5-c), 10.1 (mod. 2_Fe_5-c) for Fe-bentonite. The kinetics of adsorption is considered. The high content of Al-OH anion exchange centresin them determines the higher sorption activity of Al-modified bentonites.

Due to traumatic injuries, including those from surgical procedures, adhesions occur in over 50% of cases, necessitating exclusive surgical intervention for treatment. However, preventive measures can be implemented during abdominal organ surgeries. These measures involve creating a barrier around internal organs to forestall adhesion formation in the postoperative phase. Yet, the effectiveness of the artificial barrier relies on considerations of its biocompatibility and the avoidance of adverse effects on the body. This study explores the biocompatibility aspects, encompassing hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial and antioxidant activities, as well as the adhesion of blood serum proteins and macrophages to the surface of new composite film materials. The materials, derived from the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose modified by glycoluril and allantoin, were investigated. The research reveals that film materials with a heterocyclic fragment exhibit biocompatibility comparable to commercially used samples in surgery. Notably, film samples developed with glycoluril outperform the effects of commercial samples in certain aspects.