The need for flexibility in power system operation gradually increases regarding more renewable energy integration, load growth, etc., and the system operators already invest in this manner to enhance the power system operation. Besides, the power system has thermally sensitive assets such as lines, transformers, etc. that are normally operated under highly conservative static ratings. There is a growing trend in this regard to use the actual capacity of such assets dynamically under varying operating conditions leading to a dynamic thermal rating concept which is referred as dynamic line rating (DLR) approach specifically for lines. This study provides a comprehensive overview of existing perspectives on DLR and combination with other flexibility options from an operational point of view. Apart from the existing review studies more focused on implementation category of DLR concept, the concentration on more operational stage from the power system operation point of view leads the difference of this study compared to the mentioned studies. A categorization of the DLR implementation for either being sole or combined usage as a flexibility option is further realized. Besides, a geographically categorized analysis on existing practical evidence on DLR concept and implementations is also presented in this study.

The renewable energy-based distributed generation (DG) implementation in power systems has been an active research area during the last few decades due to several environmental, economic and political factors. Although the integration of DG offers many advantages, several concerns, including protection schemes in systems with the possibility of bi-directional power flow, are raised. Thus, new protection schemes are strongly required in power systems with a significant presence of DG. In this study, an adaptive protection strategy for a distribution system with DG integration is proposed. The proposed strategy considers both grid-connected and islanded operating modes, while the adaptive operation of the protection is dynamically realized considering the availability of DG power production (related to faults or meteorological conditions) in each time step. Besides, the modular structure and fast response of the proposed strategy is validated via simulations conducted on the IEEE 13-node test system.

Increasing demand for electricity, as well as rising environmental and economic concerns have resulted in renewable energy sources being a center of attraction. Integration of these renewable energy resources into power systems is usually achieved through distributed generation (DG) techniques, and the number of such applications increases daily. As conventional power systems do not have an infrastructure that is compatible with these energy sources and generation systems, such integration applications may cause various problems in power systems. Therefore, planning is an essential part of DG integration, especially for power systems with intermittent renewable energy sources with the objective of minimizing problems and maximizing benefits. In this study, a mathematical model is proposed to calculate the maximum permissible DG integration capacity without causing overvoltage problems in the power systems. In the proposed mathematical model, both the minimum loading condition and maximum generation condition are taken into consideration. In order to prove the effectiveness and the consistency of the proposed mathematical model, it is applied to a test system with different case studies, and the results are compared with the results obtained from other models in the literature.

In line with sustainable energy and environmental targets, the share of electric vehicles in the automobile market is expected to reach 80%. On the other hand, unplanned electric vehicle charging station installation for EV charging demands and high dependency rates on the distribution grid may adversely affect grid reliability, energy costs, and environmental targets. This article investigates whether electric vehicle charging stations can achieve carbon neutrality through strategic techno-economic integration with solar renewables. Furthermore, an exhaustive analysis investigated achieving carbon neutrality via integrating energy storage systems with photovoltaics, factoring in investment costs and carbon taxes. The findings revealed a substantial potential to reduce grid energy dependency by up to 54.3%. Implementing a more stringent carbon tax has facilitated a notable enhancement in energy storage system capacity, elevating the self-consumption rate by 72% and declining carbon emissions by 25.55%. Self-consumption decreases by 30% during high charging demand in the morning and evening hours, leading to increased dependency on the grid and highlighting the pressing need for improved strategies to reduce carbon emissions. Notwithstanding the significant investment required for energy storage systems, a levelised increase in carbon taxes has effectively curtailed grid energy demands by up to 34.7%. Moreover, decreases in storage costs can increase the decline in grid dependency by an additional 18%. Despite the integration of energy storage systems, the ambitious zero carbon target remains unattainable due to the existing installation area constraints of EV charging stations. This study can help policies that align with global efforts to mitigate climate change, enhance energy security, optimize costs, drive technological innovation, and meet increasing demands for sustainable policies.

Photovoltaic (PV) power plants have comparatively weak infeed characteristics, unlike conventional synchronous generators. The controllability of grid-connected inverters and the limited overcurrent capability of power electronic devices means that the characteristics of faults on transmission lines fed by PV power stations are substantially different than those on transmission lines fed by conventional sources. Operating performances of distance relays on PV-fed transmission line are unveiled. This paper analyses the impact of PV-fed transmission lines in infeed conditions on distance protection. Fault signals on the transmission line were generated by Digsilent PowerFactory software. Then, fault signals were analyzed by discrete Fourier transformation (DFT) with MATLAB software. The measured current and voltage signals were preprocessed first with DFT, and then machine learning via a support vector machine (SVM) was used for regression. This research proposes an improvement on distance protection with SVM for preventing maloperation in infeed conditions on PV fed transmission lines. The average accuracy was up to 95.6% in this study. The simulation was performed at different locations along the transmission line with different types of fault on a given power system model with the PV power plant.

In response to technological advances, environmental concerns, and the depletion of conventional energy sources, the world is increasingly focusing on renewable energy sources (RES) as a means of generating electricity in a more sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. Türkiye, with its advantageous geographical location, long hours of sunshine, and favourable climatic conditions, has a high potential for the use of solar energy. The objective of this study was to identify an energy system that minimizes investment costs while optimizing the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and minimizing greenhouse-gas (GHG) and carbon dioxide emissions. To achieve this, the study used the concept of nanogrids (NGs) and carried out different evaluations for electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) at different energy levels connected to the grid. The research focused on classic apartment buildings and multistory condominium-style buildings in Istanbul, Türkiye. Using HOMER Grid 1.11.1 version software, the study identified two optimal configurations: a PV–GRID system with 7 kW photovoltaic capacity and a PV–WT–GRID system with 90 kW PV capacity and 6 kW wind-turbine capacity. These configurations had a significantly lower LCOE compared to the cost of electricity from the conventional grid. When examining the sensitivity to economic factors, it was observed that the net present cost (NPC) and LCOE values fluctuated with electricity prices, inflation rates, and equipment costs. In particular, the two optimal configurations did not include a battery energy-storage system (BESS) due to the low energy demand in the PV–GRID system and the efficiency of the wind turbines in the PV–WT–GRID system. This highlights the need to tailor energy solutions to specific consumption patterns and resource types. In conclusion, the adoption of PV–GRID and PV–WT–GRID systems in Istanbul’s urban buildings demonstrates economic viability and environmental benefits, highlighting the importance of renewable energy sources, particularly solar PV, in mitigating energy-related environmental challenges, such as reducing CO₂ emissions and reducing dependence on conventional grid electricity.