In this study, polyamide (PA) thin film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane filtration was used in edible oil wastewater emulsion treatment. The PA-TFC membrane was characterized using mechanical, thermal, chemical, and physical tests. Surface morphology and cross-sections of TFCs were characterized using SEM. The effects of edible oil concentrations, average droplets size, and contact angle on separation efficiency and flux were studied in detail. Purification performance was enhanced using activated carbon as a pre-treatment unit. The performance of the RO unit was assessed by chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and permeate flux. Oil concentration in wastewater varied between 3000 mg/L and 6000 mg/L. Oily wastewater showed a higher contact angle (62.9°) than de-ionized water (33°). Experimental results showed that the presence of activated carbon increases the permeation COD removal from 94% to 99%. The RO membrane filtration coupled with an activated carbon unit of oily wastewater is a convenient hybrid technique for removal of high-concentration edible oil wastewater emulsion up to 99%. Using activated carbon as an adsorption pre-treatment unit improved the permeate flux from 34 L/m²hr to 75 L/m²hr.

In this study, wind data of eleven years (2002–2012) has been used to determine wind characteristics of Saudi Arabian city Jeddah. These characteristics include the daily, monthly and annual wind speed, wind probability density distribution, shape ( k) and scale ( c) parameters at 10 m height. The analysis revealed that yearly values of k ranged from 1.398 to 1.763 with a mean value of 1.590 and values of scale parameter c varied from 3.146 to 4.329 with mean value of 3.95. Furthermore, the results showed that maximum and minimum wind power potential was observed in the month of March and February, respectively. The wind was found to be blowing predominantly from south east direction. It was found that wind potential of the region can be used for small scale off-grid wind applications.