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Solid biofuel is considered as a possible substitute for coal in household heat production because of the available and sustainable raw materials, while NOx emissions from its combustion have become a serious problem. Nitrogen-containing compounds in pyrolysis products have important effects on the conversion of fuel-N into NOx-N. Understanding these converting pathways is important for the environmentally friendly use of biomass fuels. The nitrogen migration during pyrolysis of raw and acid leached maize straw at various temperatures was investigated in this study. Thermal gravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the performances of thermal decomposition and pyrolysis products from samples. The main nitrogen functional groups in biomass and biochar products were N-A (amine-N/amide-N/protein-N), pyridine-N, and pyrrole-N, according to the findings. The most common gaseous NOx precursor was NH3, which was produced primarily during the conversion of N-A to pyridine-N and pyrrole-N. The formation of HCN mainly came from the secondary decomposition of heterocyclic-N at high temperatures. Before the pyrolysis temperature increased to 650 °C, more than half of the fuel-N was stored in the biochar. At the same pyrolysis temperature, acid-leached maize straw yielded more gas-N and char-N than the raw biomass. The highest char-N yield of 76.39 wt% was obtained from acid-leached maize straw (AMS) pyrolysis at 350 °C. Low pyrolysis temperature and acid-leaching treatment can help to decrease nitrogen release from stable char structure, providing support for reducing nitrogenous pollutant emissions from straw fuel.
Huan Li; Huawei Mou; Nan Zhao; Yaohong Yu; Quan Hong; Mperejekumana Philbert; Yuguang Zhou; Hossein Dizaji; Renjie Dong. Nitrogen Migration during Pyrolysis of Raw and Acid Leached Maize Straw. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3786 .
AMA StyleHuan Li, Huawei Mou, Nan Zhao, Yaohong Yu, Quan Hong, Mperejekumana Philbert, Yuguang Zhou, Hossein Dizaji, Renjie Dong. Nitrogen Migration during Pyrolysis of Raw and Acid Leached Maize Straw. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3786.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuan Li; Huawei Mou; Nan Zhao; Yaohong Yu; Quan Hong; Mperejekumana Philbert; Yuguang Zhou; Hossein Dizaji; Renjie Dong. 2021. "Nitrogen Migration during Pyrolysis of Raw and Acid Leached Maize Straw." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3786.
Developing a green and sustainable method to upgrade biogas wastes into high value-added products is attracting more and more public attention. The application of solid residues as a performance enhancer in the manufacture of biofilms is a prospective way to replace conventional plastic based on fossil fuel. In this work, solid digestates from the anaerobic digestion of agricultural wastes, such as straw, cattle and chicken manures, were pretreated by an ultrasonic thermo-alkaline treatment to remove the nonfunctional compositions and then incorporated in plasticized starch paste to prepare mulching biofilms by the solution casting method. The results indicated that solid digestate particles dispersed homogenously in the starch matrix and gradually aggregated under the action of a hydrogen bond, leading to a transformation of the composites to a high crystalline structure. Consequently, the composite biofilm showed a higher tensile strength, elastic modulus, glass transition temperature and degradation temperature compared to the pure starch-based film. The light, water and GHG (greenhouse gas) barrier properties of the biofilm were also reinforced by the addition of solid digestates, performing well in sustaining the soil quality and minimizing N2O or CH4 emissions. As such, recycling solid digestates into a biodegradable plastic substitute not only creates a new business opportunity by producing high-performance biofilms but also reduces the environmental risk caused by biogas waste and plastics pollution.
Nan Zhao; Huawei Mou; Yuguang Zhou; Xinxin Ju; Shoujun Yang; Shan Liu; Renjie Dong. Upgrading Solid Digestate from Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Waste as Performance Enhancer for Starch-Based Mulching Biofilm. Molecules 2021, 26, 832 .
AMA StyleNan Zhao, Huawei Mou, Yuguang Zhou, Xinxin Ju, Shoujun Yang, Shan Liu, Renjie Dong. Upgrading Solid Digestate from Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Waste as Performance Enhancer for Starch-Based Mulching Biofilm. Molecules. 2021; 26 (4):832.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNan Zhao; Huawei Mou; Yuguang Zhou; Xinxin Ju; Shoujun Yang; Shan Liu; Renjie Dong. 2021. "Upgrading Solid Digestate from Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Waste as Performance Enhancer for Starch-Based Mulching Biofilm." Molecules 26, no. 4: 832.