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The food needs for increasing population, climatic changes, urbanization and industrialization, along with the destruction of forests, are the main challenges of modern life. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate plant genetic resources in order to cope with these problems. Therefore, in this study, a set of ninety-one walnut (Juglans regia L.) accessions from Central Anatolia region, composed of seventy-four accessions and eight commercial cultivars from Turkey, and nine international reference cultivars, was analyzed using 45 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats) markers to reveal the genetic diversity. SSR analysis identified 390 alleles for 91 accessions. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 19 alleles with a mean value of 9 alleles per locus. Genetic dissimilarity coefficients ranged from 0.03 to 0.68. The highest number of alleles was obtained from CUJRA212 locus (Na = 19). The values of polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.42 (JRHR222528) to 0.86 (CUJRA212) with a mean PIC value of 0.68. Genetic distances were estimated according to the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average), Principal Coordinates (PCoA), and the Structure-based clustering. The UPGMA and Structure clustering of the accessions depicted five major clusters supporting the PCoA results. The dendrogram revealed the similarities and dissimilarities among the accessions by identifying five major clusters. Based on this study, SSR analyses indicate that Yozgat province has an important genetic diversity pool and rich genetic variance of walnuts.
Murat Guney; Salih Kafkas; Hakan Keles; Mozhgan Zarifikhosroshahi; Muhammet Gundesli; Sezai Ercisli; Tomas Necas; Geza Bujdoso. Genetic Diversity among Some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes by SSR Markers. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6830 .
AMA StyleMurat Guney, Salih Kafkas, Hakan Keles, Mozhgan Zarifikhosroshahi, Muhammet Gundesli, Sezai Ercisli, Tomas Necas, Geza Bujdoso. Genetic Diversity among Some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes by SSR Markers. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6830.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMurat Guney; Salih Kafkas; Hakan Keles; Mozhgan Zarifikhosroshahi; Muhammet Gundesli; Sezai Ercisli; Tomas Necas; Geza Bujdoso. 2021. "Genetic Diversity among Some Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genotypes by SSR Markers." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6830.
The old walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotype called “Esterhazy II” was well-known in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy before World War II, and it can still be found in the Austrian, German and Swiss backyard gardens today. Unfortunately, nowadays, vegetatively propagated progenies of the original “Esterhazy II” are not available anymore around the world because walnut grafting started later than this genotype had become well-known. Although various accessions with “Esterhazy II”-“blood“ are available, it is difficult to determine which one can be considered true or the most similar to the original one. In this paper, phenological and nut morphological characteristics of an “Esterhazy II” specimen planted in a Hungarian gene bank were compared to the varieties “Milotai 10” and “Chandler”. Examined characteristics were: budbreak, blossom time, type of dichogamy, ripening time, nut and kernel features. An additional SSR fingerprinting was used to identify identical genotypes and to demonstrate the relatedness of the analyzed “Esterhazy II” genotype to the other Hungarian walnut cultivars. It can be concluded that under the name “Esterhazy II”, several different genotypes can be observed. All the checked characteristics except budbreak fitted well with the previous descriptions. Our results confirmed that the examined “Esterhazy II” genotype shows high similarity to the “original“ “Esterhazy II” described in the literature.
Geza Bujdoso; Benjamin Illes; Virag Varjas; Klara Cseke. Is “Esterhazy II”, an Old Walnut Variety in the Hungarian Gene Bank, the Original Genotype? Plants 2021, 10, 854 .
AMA StyleGeza Bujdoso, Benjamin Illes, Virag Varjas, Klara Cseke. Is “Esterhazy II”, an Old Walnut Variety in the Hungarian Gene Bank, the Original Genotype? Plants. 2021; 10 (5):854.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeza Bujdoso; Benjamin Illes; Virag Varjas; Klara Cseke. 2021. "Is “Esterhazy II”, an Old Walnut Variety in the Hungarian Gene Bank, the Original Genotype?" Plants 10, no. 5: 854.
Persian walnut growing has a long-term tradition in Hungary. The walnut breeding started with the domestication of French varieties propagated by seeds in the 1910s, which was not successful. From the 1950s the Hungarian breeding research used selections from the local population, cross breeding and back crosses as breeding methods. The aim of this paper is to examine the origin and the nut characteristics of the Hungarian bred varieties registered on the National Variety List. The grafted trees for sample collection were planted in spring of 1990 at the Experimental Fields. Strong relationships between nut height and dried nut weight, dried nut weight and kernel weight, nut width and dried nut weight, nut diameter and nut width, dried nut weight and nut diameter, kernel weight and nut diameter as described in the literature was confirmed. Another relation (nut width and kernel weight) showed a strong relation too. All of the Hungarian bred varieties have a unique genetic background. The relation is not apparent between the introduced and the local varieties in all cases. It was concluded from the genetic pattern that the French seedling varieties might have not influenced the Hungarian varieties in the extent it was supposed formerly.
Geza Bujdoso; Klara Cseke. The Persian (English) walnut (Juglans regia L.) assortment of Hungary: Nut characteristics and origin. Scientia Horticulturae 2021, 283, 110035 .
AMA StyleGeza Bujdoso, Klara Cseke. The Persian (English) walnut (Juglans regia L.) assortment of Hungary: Nut characteristics and origin. Scientia Horticulturae. 2021; 283 ():110035.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGeza Bujdoso; Klara Cseke. 2021. "The Persian (English) walnut (Juglans regia L.) assortment of Hungary: Nut characteristics and origin." Scientia Horticulturae 283, no. : 110035.
Centuries-old generative reproduction, relatively favourable agro-ecological conditions, natural selection, and anthropogenic roles have significantly influenced the formation of a rich, heterogeneous population of common walnuts in Montenegro. This variability can be exploited by applying a positive selection of genotypes that would have good ecological adaptability and high economic value and that would not lag behind walnut varieties originating from other countries. The paper presents the results of studying 20 selected walnut genotypes from the continental part of Montenegro in a three-year period. Šeinovo variety and the Rasna selection were used as standard. The most important biological and pomological properties were investigated based on the international walnut descriptor. The basic criteria on which the selection approach was based were: late vegetation initiation, earlier date of end of vegetation, well kernel ratio, ease of kernel removal from the shell, shell texture that should be less rough, protecting the kernel, tasty kernel, light coloured kernel, and good chemical composition of the kernel. Genotypes had fruit weight between 8.43 and 13.84 g, kernel weight between 4.20 and 6.54 g, kernel ratio between 39.20 and 52.25%, oil content between 62.04 and 67.23%, and protein content between 13.91 and 19.04%. Most of the selected genotypes have the late time of leaf bud burst, and from that point of view, the BP44 and BP42 genotypes that the leafing on May 5 and 6 are especially interesting, due to avoidance of late frost. The walnut is adapted to the existing agro-ecological conditions over a long period of successful growth in this region, and most genotypes finish their vegetation earlier and are prepared to enter the period of winter dormancy. Genotypes BP09 and AN29 with their properties surpass the worldwide recognized Šeinovo, and in this region, highly valued selection Rasna. BP48 and BP50 genotypes also deserve attention due to the quality of the fruit.
Vučeta Jaćimović; Mirjana Adakalić; Sezai Ercisli; Djina Božović; Geza Bujdoso. Fruit Quality Properties of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genetic Resources in Montenegro. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9963 .
AMA StyleVučeta Jaćimović, Mirjana Adakalić, Sezai Ercisli, Djina Božović, Geza Bujdoso. Fruit Quality Properties of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genetic Resources in Montenegro. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):9963.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVučeta Jaćimović; Mirjana Adakalić; Sezai Ercisli; Djina Božović; Geza Bujdoso. 2020. "Fruit Quality Properties of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Genetic Resources in Montenegro." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 9963.
Géza Bujdosó; Attila Fodor; Anita Karacs-Végh. BD6 Walnut. HortScience 2020, 55, 1393 -1394.
AMA StyleGéza Bujdosó, Attila Fodor, Anita Karacs-Végh. BD6 Walnut. HortScience. 2020; 55 (8):1393-1394.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGéza Bujdosó; Attila Fodor; Anita Karacs-Végh. 2020. "BD6 Walnut." HortScience 55, no. 8: 1393-1394.
In September 2017 brown or black, huge circular sunken necrotic lesions were observed on walnut fruits (Juglans regia L.) in the fruit variety collection of NARIC Research Institute in Érd, Hungary. Similar symptoms were visible on walnut fruits in three other locations of the country in 2018, the disease symptoms occurred diffusely (in orchards of Lengyeltóti, Nagyoroszi) or widely (in orchards of Sarród, Érd). Early symptom stages were observed in June 2018 with small dry spots affecting the surface of the husk. Acervuli were formed on collected fruit samples and orange conidial masses appeared under wet conditions. Conidia were hyaline, unicellular and fusiform, pointed at one or both ends, and measured 11.0-17.6 x 3.8-5.0 µm (n = 100). The fungus was isolated from necrotic tissues and conidial masses on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium amended with chloramphenicol (25 mg/l). The colonies were white to pink on the upper side and pink with black spots on the reverse. Acervuli formed and produced conidial masses on PDA on 23°C after 6 days, later conidia formations were observed partly on hyphae. The isolates were morphologically identified as Colletotrichum acutatum sensu lato. The C. acutatum isolates were identified first based on ITS. The ACT (actin) and CAL (calmodulin) gene sequences were determined to identify the Colletotrichum strains. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), actin (ACT) and calmodulin (CAL) genes were amplified by ITS1F/ITS4R, ACT512F/ACT783R and CAL1/CAL2 primers (White at al. 1990, O’Donnell et al. 2000, Carbone et al. 1999). The sequences of ITS region (accession nos: MK367397, MK367400, MK367403) showed 99% similarity (query cover: 100%) with several C. fioriniae sequences from walnut in GenBank (e.g.: MF554910-MF554914), and based on ACT gene (nos: MK415990, MK415993, MK415996) showed 99% identity to C. fioriniae (e.g.: MF554940) from walnut. The obtained sequences of CAL gene (nos: MK415997, MK416000, MK416003) were same and showed 99% similarity (query cover: 98%) with other C. fioriniae sequences from other host plant (e.g.: Fagus sylvatica, KY828143) (Pszczolkowska et al. 2018). The fungus was identified as Colletotrichum fioriniae (Marcelino & Gouli) R.G. Shivas & Y.P. Tan. Its teleomorph, Glomerella fioriniae (Marcelino & Gouli) R.G. Shivas & Y.P. Tan was not found. Pathogenicity tests were accomplished in the field and under laboratory conditions (on 23°C in thermostat) on 10-10 green walnut fruits both on living trees and collected fruits by inserting mycelial agar plugs onto wounded pericarp tissues which was wrapped with wet cotton and Parafilm. Wounded tissues on 5 fruits were treated with non-colonized PDA plugs as non-inoculated controls. Necrotic lesions, 10 to 19 mm in diameter developed after 14 d. incubation both on field and on laboratory-inoculated walnut fruits, whereas no necrosis developed around control wounds. The morphology of the re-isolated fungus was consistent with the inoculated one fulfilling Koch’s postulates. Leaf spot disease of walnut caused by C. fioriniae was reported from China (Zhu et al. 2015), and an epidemic event of walnut anthracnose caused by C. fioriniae and other Colletotrichum species were reported in France (Da Lio et al. 2018). To our knowledge, this is the first report of anthracnose of walnut fruits caused by Colletotrichum fioriniae in Hungary and the second in the world. This disease may become a major problem on Persian walnut trees.
V. Varjas; Cs. Kovács; T. Lakatos; T. Tóth; G. Bujdosó. First Report of Walnut Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum fioriniae on English (Persian) Walnut Fruits in Hungary. Plant Disease 2019, 103, 2964 -2964.
AMA StyleV. Varjas, Cs. Kovács, T. Lakatos, T. Tóth, G. Bujdosó. First Report of Walnut Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum fioriniae on English (Persian) Walnut Fruits in Hungary. Plant Disease. 2019; 103 (11):2964-2964.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Varjas; Cs. Kovács; T. Lakatos; T. Tóth; G. Bujdosó. 2019. "First Report of Walnut Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum fioriniae on English (Persian) Walnut Fruits in Hungary." Plant Disease 103, no. 11: 2964-2964.
Evaluation of four clonal mahaleb (’Bogdány’, ’Egervár’, ’Magyar’, ’SL 64’), three mahaleb seedlings (’Cemany’, ’Érdi V’, ’Korponay’), P. avium seedling (’C. 2493’), and ’GiSelA 6’, rootstocks budded with early ripening sweet cherry (P. avium L.) cultivars (’Petrus’, ’Vera’, ’Carmen’) have been studied under non-irrigated conditions in Central Hungary. The trial was set up at the Experimental Fields of NARIC Research Institute for Fruitgrowing and Ornamentals. Aim of our study was to find suitable rootstocks for novel bred Hungarian sweet cherry varieties trained to Hungarian Cherry Spindle. It can be stated after a 14 year-long investigation that’ Petrus’ is the most vigorous variety, ’Vera’ and ’Carmen’ are moderately vigorous. Although’ Carmen’ is less productive, its big fruit size compensates this character reaching the highest gross crop value. ’Petrus’ produced the largest cumulated yield but the least fruit size among the observed cherry varieties. ’GiSelA 6’ rootstock showed low vigor, and ’SL 64’ was the most vigorous one among the clonal mahalebs. Mahaleb seedlings ’Érdi V’, ’Korponay’, and ’Cemany’ induced high vigor, while ’Egervár’ with all varieties, and ’Magyar’ for ’Petrus’ showed moderate vigor, 82 and 74%, compared to ’SL 64’, respectively. Cumulated yield of varieties was different by rootstocks, the highest yield produced ’Vera’ trees on ’Egervár’, ’Carmen’ trees on ’Cemany’, ’Petrus’ on ’Magyar’ rootstocks but ’GiSelA 6’ rootstock showed the highest yield efficiency related to trunk cross-sectional area. The least fruit weight and fruit rate of 26 mm < was measured on ’GiSelA 6’. Although trees on ’GiSelA 6’ rootstock produced the highest yield and gross crop value efficiency even under non-irrigated conditions, the risk of significant smaller fruit size gives causa for concerns. Among Hungarian clonal mahaleb rootstocks ’Egervár’ was the most efficient with ’Vera’ and ’Carmen’ varieties considering the gross crop value, its moderate vigor and precocity.
Géza Bujdosó; Lajos Magyar; Károly Hrotkó. Long term evaluation of growth and cropping of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) varieties on different rootstocks under Hungarian soil and climatic conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 2019, 256, 108613 .
AMA StyleGéza Bujdosó, Lajos Magyar, Károly Hrotkó. Long term evaluation of growth and cropping of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) varieties on different rootstocks under Hungarian soil and climatic conditions. Scientia Horticulturae. 2019; 256 ():108613.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGéza Bujdosó; Lajos Magyar; Károly Hrotkó. 2019. "Long term evaluation of growth and cropping of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) varieties on different rootstocks under Hungarian soil and climatic conditions." Scientia Horticulturae 256, no. : 108613.