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The aim of the research presented in the article was to check the differences in the hygro-thermal and mechanical properties of hemp-lime composites with different shives fractions, depending on the direction of mixture compaction. The research part of the paper presents the preparation method and investigation on the composites. Thermal conductivity, capillary uptake, as well as flexural and compressive strengths were examined. Additionally, an analysis of the temperature distribution in the external wall insulated with the tested composites was performed. The results confirm that the direction of compaction influences the individual properties of the composites in a similar way, depending on the size of the shives. The differences are more pronounced in the case of the composite containing longer fractions of shives. Both thermal conductivity of the material and the capillary uptake ability are lower in the parallel direction of the compaction process. Composites exhibit greater stiffness, but they fail faster with increasing loads when loaded in the direction perpendicular to compaction.
Przemysław Brzyski; Piotr Gleń; Mateusz Gładecki; Monika Rumińska; Zbigniew Suchorab; Grzegorz Łagód. Influence of the Direction of Mixture Compaction on the Selected Properties of a Hemp-Lime Composite. Materials 2021, 14, 4629 .
AMA StylePrzemysław Brzyski, Piotr Gleń, Mateusz Gładecki, Monika Rumińska, Zbigniew Suchorab, Grzegorz Łagód. Influence of the Direction of Mixture Compaction on the Selected Properties of a Hemp-Lime Composite. Materials. 2021; 14 (16):4629.
Chicago/Turabian StylePrzemysław Brzyski; Piotr Gleń; Mateusz Gładecki; Monika Rumińska; Zbigniew Suchorab; Grzegorz Łagód. 2021. "Influence of the Direction of Mixture Compaction on the Selected Properties of a Hemp-Lime Composite." Materials 14, no. 16: 4629.
The article assesses an impact of thermal retrofitting on an improvement of the energy quality of public buildings in terms of their heating. The analysis covered a group of 14 buildings, including schools, kindergartens or offices, while energy audits were carried out for 12 of them. The indications of individual gas meters were the source of actual data for the assessment of changes in energy consumption indexes in operating conditions. The analysis showed a clear improvement in the energy quality of buildings; however, the actual effects were much lower than forecasted. The average forecasted decrease in energy consumption was supposed to be 64.3%, but the measured data showed only 37.1%. The investigation confirmed that the most complex refurbishing provided the most satisfactory decrease in energy consumption (51.4% of real decrease in energy consumption), while objects with partial thermal refurbishing reached an efficiency of only 21.8%. It was stated that in operating conditions, special attention should be paid to the manner of energy use, since different indicators of energy consumption can be obtained with the same parameters of building’s balance cover. The results obtained can be further utilized in thermal-refurbishment implementation procedures. Follow-up investigations on the impact of selected parameters on energy consumption are planned.
Anna Życzyńska; Dariusz Majerek; Zbigniew Suchorab; Agnieszka Żelazna; Václav Kočí; Robert Černý. Improving the Energy Performance of Public Buildings Equipped with Individual Gas Boilers Due to Thermal Retrofitting. Energies 2021, 14, 1565 .
AMA StyleAnna Życzyńska, Dariusz Majerek, Zbigniew Suchorab, Agnieszka Żelazna, Václav Kočí, Robert Černý. Improving the Energy Performance of Public Buildings Equipped with Individual Gas Boilers Due to Thermal Retrofitting. Energies. 2021; 14 (6):1565.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Życzyńska; Dariusz Majerek; Zbigniew Suchorab; Agnieszka Żelazna; Václav Kočí; Robert Černý. 2021. "Improving the Energy Performance of Public Buildings Equipped with Individual Gas Boilers Due to Thermal Retrofitting." Energies 14, no. 6: 1565.
The paper presents the results of research concerning three fiber materials—mineral wool, hemp fiber and wood wool—as loose-fill thermal insulation materials. The analysis used the material parameters determined in previous works conducted by the authors, such as thermal conductivity and air permeability in relation to bulk density. These materials exhibit open porosity; thus, convection is an essential phenomenon in the heat transfer process. The paper aimed at conducting thermal simulations of various frame wall variants which were filled with the above-mentioned insulation materials. The simulations were performed with the Control Volume Method using the Delphin 5.8 software. The studies accounted for the effect of wind pressure and the time of its influence on a wall insulated by means of fiber material with a thickness of 150 as well as 250 mm. The simulation enabled us to obtain such data as maximal R-value reduction and time to return to equilibrium after filtration for the analyzed materials. The study proved that heat transfer in these insulations strongly depends on the bulk density, thickness of the insulation and wind pressure. The decrease in R is reduced as the density increases. This results from the decreased air permeability characterizing the material. Wind washing causes lower R reduction than air filtration in all models. The greater the thickness, the longer it takes for the models to return to the equilibrium state following air filtration (and wind washing). This period is comparable for air filtration and wind washing. Hemp fibers were characterized with the strongest susceptibility to air filtration; in the case of wood wool, it was also high, but lower than for hemp fibers, while mineral wool was characterized with the lowest.
Piotr Kosiński; Przemysław Brzyski; Zbigniew Suchorab; Grzegorz Łagód. Heat Losses Caused by the Temporary Influence of Wind in Timber Frame Walls Insulated with Fibrous Materials. Materials 2020, 13, 5514 .
AMA StylePiotr Kosiński, Przemysław Brzyski, Zbigniew Suchorab, Grzegorz Łagód. Heat Losses Caused by the Temporary Influence of Wind in Timber Frame Walls Insulated with Fibrous Materials. Materials. 2020; 13 (23):5514.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Kosiński; Przemysław Brzyski; Zbigniew Suchorab; Grzegorz Łagód. 2020. "Heat Losses Caused by the Temporary Influence of Wind in Timber Frame Walls Insulated with Fibrous Materials." Materials 13, no. 23: 5514.
The paper presented the analysis of heat consumption for heating in multi-family residential buildings before and after thermal retrofitting. The analysis involved four groups of buildings, i.e., 43 buildings in total, located in various localities, belonging to one weather station. The predicted level of energy savings resulting from thermal retrofitting was achieved from the energy audits. The actual heat consumption, following the calculation into so-called external standard conditions, was obtained based on the readouts from heat-meters. For each building, the values of heat consumption over the periods of 6–10 years were read. The performance measurements involved the periods before, during, and after thermal retrofitting. The following statistical tests were used for data analysis: Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney, Shapiro–Wilk, Bartlett, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn and Holm post-hoc. The performed analyses showed that the mean value of energy savings predicted by audits reached 38.5% when the real mean value of savings, achieved from heat-meters, equaled 30.3%. The annual energy demand factors for heating were calculated for final energy and non-renewable primary energy factors. It was established that most of the analyzed objects fulfilled the primary energy factor requirements found in the Polish technical and construction regulations, which were valid at the time of investment.
Anna Życzyńska; Zbigniew Suchorab; Dariusz Majerek. Influence of Thermal Retrofitting on Annual Energy Demand for Heating in Multi-Family Buildings. Energies 2020, 13, 4625 .
AMA StyleAnna Życzyńska, Zbigniew Suchorab, Dariusz Majerek. Influence of Thermal Retrofitting on Annual Energy Demand for Heating in Multi-Family Buildings. Energies. 2020; 13 (18):4625.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Życzyńska; Zbigniew Suchorab; Dariusz Majerek. 2020. "Influence of Thermal Retrofitting on Annual Energy Demand for Heating in Multi-Family Buildings." Energies 13, no. 18: 4625.
The paper explores the possibility of applying the nanopolymer trietoxiisobutylsilane and methyl silicon resin for hydrophobisation of mortars with the lightweight aggregate addition (PVC + PUR + WD). The investigation involved the mortars with two types of hydrophobic agents, without and with waste addition (5; 10; 15%). The results and discussion referring to their micro-structure together with the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). Physical and mechanical properties, frost resistance, water absorption, as well as vapor permeability were investigated. The influence of hydrophobisation on the SFE value, CA and microroughness characteristic was also determined. The surface hydrophobisation of mortars using the A1 preparation reduced the water absorption and vapour permeability by 94.6%. The A1 agent reduced the weight loss after the F-T test by 88.9%. Surface hydrophobisation increased the CA value, and reduced the SFE value for the L5 and L10 mortars by over 3 times. The greatest effect on the decrease of A2 preparation roughness was proven. The efficiency of both agents was confirmed by the capillary uptake test conducted using the TDR equipment.
Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Małgorzata Grzegorczyk-Frańczak; Zbigniew Suchorab. Surface hydrophobisation of mortars with waste aggregate by nanopolymer trietoxi-isobutyl-silane and methyl silicon resin. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 264, 120175 .
AMA StyleDanuta Barnat-Hunek, Małgorzata Grzegorczyk-Frańczak, Zbigniew Suchorab. Surface hydrophobisation of mortars with waste aggregate by nanopolymer trietoxi-isobutyl-silane and methyl silicon resin. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 264 ():120175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDanuta Barnat-Hunek; Małgorzata Grzegorczyk-Frańczak; Zbigniew Suchorab. 2020. "Surface hydrophobisation of mortars with waste aggregate by nanopolymer trietoxi-isobutyl-silane and methyl silicon resin." Construction and Building Materials 264, no. : 120175.
The article presents the monitoring potential of a simplified surface Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) sensor design. Its basic element is a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plate with two rods placed along the plate edges. The paper describes typical, invasive TDR sensors and the attempts to build a non-invasive TDR sensor for the dielectric moisture determination. The newly developed flat TDR sensor presented in this article has a simple design, which makes it cheap, easy to carry and prospective for practical applications. Within the conducted examinations, the developed sensor specimens were calibrated and tested in an exemplary moisture transport experiment. The analysis of moisture changes in the sample of the examined material confirmed the usefulness of the developed TDR sensor and its applicability for the non-invasive moisture changes monitoring in hard porous materials.
Zbigniew Suchorab; Dariusz Majerek; Václav Kočí; Robert Černý. Time Domain Reflectometry flat sensor for non-invasive monitoring of moisture changes in building materials. Measurement 2020, 165, 108091 .
AMA StyleZbigniew Suchorab, Dariusz Majerek, Václav Kočí, Robert Černý. Time Domain Reflectometry flat sensor for non-invasive monitoring of moisture changes in building materials. Measurement. 2020; 165 ():108091.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZbigniew Suchorab; Dariusz Majerek; Václav Kočí; Robert Černý. 2020. "Time Domain Reflectometry flat sensor for non-invasive monitoring of moisture changes in building materials." Measurement 165, no. : 108091.
This article presents research results relating to the potential for waste utilization in the form of polymer optical fiber (POF) scraps. This material is difficult to recycle due to its diverse construction. Three different volumes of POF were used in concrete in these tests: 1%, 2%, and 3%. The experimental studies investigated the basic properties of the concrete, the elastic and dynamic moduli, as well as deformation and deflection of reinforced beams. The microstructures, including the interfacial transition zones (ITZs), were recorded and analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. It was observed that 180 freezing–thawing cycles reduced the concrete frost resistance containing 3% POFs by half compared to the control concrete. The resistance to salt crystallization of this concrete decreased by about 55%. POFs have significant effects on the splitting tensile and flexural strengths compared to the compressive strength. The control beams were destroyed during the four-point static bending tests at half the force applied to the beams that were reinforced with POFs.
Zbigniew Suchorab; Małgorzata Franus; Danuta Barnat-Hunek. Properties of Fibrous Concrete Made with Plastic Optical Fibers from E-Waste. Materials 2020, 13, 2414 .
AMA StyleZbigniew Suchorab, Małgorzata Franus, Danuta Barnat-Hunek. Properties of Fibrous Concrete Made with Plastic Optical Fibers from E-Waste. Materials. 2020; 13 (10):2414.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZbigniew Suchorab; Małgorzata Franus; Danuta Barnat-Hunek. 2020. "Properties of Fibrous Concrete Made with Plastic Optical Fibers from E-Waste." Materials 13, no. 10: 2414.
One way to decrease the greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector is to improve the building energy performance, which can be mainly achieved by the reduction of energy consumption. In the case of the existing objects, this goal could be achieved by the thermo-modernization of the building partitions and equipment. This article concerns the issue of heat consumption for heating purposes after a comprehensive retrofitting of nine educational buildings (two kindergartens and seven schools) located in south-eastern Poland where both the total efficiency of the heating installation and the thermal insulation of building partitions were improved. The evaluation of the real energy effects was made on the basis of the measurements performed over the 8 year period of operation for each building. The obtained values were compared with the boundary values of the factors that were in force in Poland during the period when all of the buildings were retrofitted. Additionally, they were compared with the results of theoretical calculations included in the energy audits of the example of three objects and an attempt to describe the reasons for the discrepancies was made. All obtained results were discussed with the available literature sources and summarized with the suitable conclusions.
Anna Życzyńska; Zbigniew Suchorab; Jan Kočí; Robert Černý. Energy Effects of Retrofitting the Educational Facilities Located in South-Eastern Poland. Energies 2020, 13, 2449 .
AMA StyleAnna Życzyńska, Zbigniew Suchorab, Jan Kočí, Robert Černý. Energy Effects of Retrofitting the Educational Facilities Located in South-Eastern Poland. Energies. 2020; 13 (10):2449.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Życzyńska; Zbigniew Suchorab; Jan Kočí; Robert Černý. 2020. "Energy Effects of Retrofitting the Educational Facilities Located in South-Eastern Poland." Energies 13, no. 10: 2449.
Fired bricks represent one of the most popular building materials, of which production is still growing. Since the functional properties of bricks have reached their physical limits, the current development aims at an optimization of production procedures as it goes along with heavy environmental loads. This paper is focused on tailoring the firing procedure to optimize the energy demands. Dealing with five different clays, their heat storage properties are determined using inverse analysis of calorimetric data so that the measurement errors are reduced. Moreover, effective values incorporate the thermal processes that occur during firing. A simplified model of clay samples is then used to calculate the energy demands for reaching an optimal firing scheme. The results show that specific treatment is necessary for particular clays as the energy demands may range between 89 and 173 MJ·m−2, depending on a clay composition. The highest demands were found in the case of clays containing the high volume of calcite and dolomite, of which thermal decomposition is very energy demanding. Using the tailored firing scheme, one can reach energy savings of up to 49% while the functional properties would be preserved due to maintaining the optimal temperature evolution in the brick body.
Václav Kočí; Lenka Scheinherrová; Jiří Maděra; Martin Keppert; Zbigniew Suchorab; Grzegorz Łagód; Robert Černý. Experimental and Computational Study of Thermal Processes in Red Clays Exposed to High Temperatures. Energies 2020, 13, 2211 .
AMA StyleVáclav Kočí, Lenka Scheinherrová, Jiří Maděra, Martin Keppert, Zbigniew Suchorab, Grzegorz Łagód, Robert Černý. Experimental and Computational Study of Thermal Processes in Red Clays Exposed to High Temperatures. Energies. 2020; 13 (9):2211.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVáclav Kočí; Lenka Scheinherrová; Jiří Maděra; Martin Keppert; Zbigniew Suchorab; Grzegorz Łagód; Robert Černý. 2020. "Experimental and Computational Study of Thermal Processes in Red Clays Exposed to High Temperatures." Energies 13, no. 9: 2211.
The use of waste plants in the production of building materials is consistent with the principles of sustainable development. One of the ideas involves using hemp shives as an aggregate for the production of a composite used as a filling of the timber frame construction of the walls. The most important disadvantage of using the building materials based on organic components is their susceptibility to the water influence. The wall material is exposed to rising groundwater. The research part of the paper presented the preparation method and the investigation of the hemp-perlite-lime composites. Flexural and compressive strength, apparent density, total porosity, thermal conductivity, and mass absorptivity were examined. The main research part pertained to the analysis of capillary uptake occurrence in the composites, being the important phenomenon present in the external walls. The study on this phenomenon was carried out using the technique of indirect moisture evaluation—Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR). The indirect readouts were additionally verified with the traditional evaluation using the gravimetric method based on the PN-EN 1925 standard. The study proved that the tested composites were characterized by low apparent density, thermal conductivity, strength parameters, high total porosity, and mass absorptivity. The partial replacement of hemp shives by expanded perlite had a beneficial effect on the tested properties of composites.
Przemysław Brzyski; Zbigniew Suchorab. Capillary Uptake Monitoring in Lime-Hemp-Perlite Composite Using the Time Domain Reflectometry Sensing Technique for Moisture Detection in Building Composites. Materials 2020, 13, 1677 .
AMA StylePrzemysław Brzyski, Zbigniew Suchorab. Capillary Uptake Monitoring in Lime-Hemp-Perlite Composite Using the Time Domain Reflectometry Sensing Technique for Moisture Detection in Building Composites. Materials. 2020; 13 (7):1677.
Chicago/Turabian StylePrzemysław Brzyski; Zbigniew Suchorab. 2020. "Capillary Uptake Monitoring in Lime-Hemp-Perlite Composite Using the Time Domain Reflectometry Sensing Technique for Moisture Detection in Building Composites." Materials 13, no. 7: 1677.
In this review, the problem of microbiological infestation of buildings was discussed. The techniques of detection were described as well, with special attention drawn to the rapid-early detection methods based on gas sensor arrays. The physical and chemical conditions of the building environment conducive to the development of microorganisms and the technical conditions influencing the problem of microbiological infestation were investigated. Additionally, the harmful effects on human health caused by the microbiological contamination were discussed, with a short review of particular groups of microorganisms causing sick building syndrome. Among the detection techniques, the traditional microbiological techniques as well as the molecular and chemical methods were presented. Different designs of the gas sensor arrays together with the various techniques of analyzing the received multidimensional signal were described, analyzed, and compared in detail.
Monika Garbacz; Agnieszka Malec; Sylwia Duda-Saternus; Zbigniew Suchorab; Łukasz Guz; Grzegorz Łagód. Methods for Early Detection of Microbiological Infestation of Buildings Based on Gas Sensor Technologies. Chemosensors 2020, 8, 7 .
AMA StyleMonika Garbacz, Agnieszka Malec, Sylwia Duda-Saternus, Zbigniew Suchorab, Łukasz Guz, Grzegorz Łagód. Methods for Early Detection of Microbiological Infestation of Buildings Based on Gas Sensor Technologies. Chemosensors. 2020; 8 (1):7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMonika Garbacz; Agnieszka Malec; Sylwia Duda-Saternus; Zbigniew Suchorab; Łukasz Guz; Grzegorz Łagód. 2020. "Methods for Early Detection of Microbiological Infestation of Buildings Based on Gas Sensor Technologies." Chemosensors 8, no. 1: 7.
The article presents the laboratory investigations of the basic thermal and hygric parameters of standard lightweight aggregate-concrete and lightweight aggregate-concrete supplemented with municipal sewage sludge. Both types of concrete are based on light aggregates, commonly used in the Polish building market. In order to improve the hygric parameters of the material, such as water absorptivity, the admixture of water emulsion of reactive polisiloxanes was applied. Within the presented research, together with basic moisture parameters estimation, capillary rise process was monitored using Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) modified sensors. Hygric parameters were supplemented with the estimation of thermal conductivity coefficient λ determined using stationary method. The analysis of thermal and hygric properties of concrete confirmed the applicability of lightweight aggregate-concrete with sewage sludge supplementation for further production.
Zbigniew Suchorab; Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Małgorzata Franus; Grzegorz Łagód; Zbyšek Pavlík. The Possibility of Utilization of Sewage Sludge as a Filler in Production of the Lightweight Aggregate Concrete. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 2019, 26, 559 -570.
AMA StyleZbigniew Suchorab, Danuta Barnat-Hunek, Małgorzata Franus, Grzegorz Łagód, Zbyšek Pavlík. The Possibility of Utilization of Sewage Sludge as a Filler in Production of the Lightweight Aggregate Concrete. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S. 2019; 26 (3):559-570.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZbigniew Suchorab; Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Małgorzata Franus; Grzegorz Łagód; Zbyšek Pavlík. 2019. "The Possibility of Utilization of Sewage Sludge as a Filler in Production of the Lightweight Aggregate Concrete." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 26, no. 3: 559-570.
The Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) is an electric technique of moisture detection, that can be successfully applied in engineering. It has been previously used in soil science for quick and quantitative estimation of soil moisture and monitoring of moisture processes in the soils. Within the last decade it has been developed and adopted to measure moisture in building materials and structures. New constructions of the TDR sensors enable non-invasive testing, which is especially important for the examination of existing buildings made of brick or concrete, but also for monitoring of moisture processes that occur in the building material samples in laboratory conditions. This article is a comparison of measuring parameters of the traditional FP/mts sensor and the non-invasive TDR sensors to be applied in evaluation of moisture in the building materials and partitions.
Zbigniew Suchorab; Dariusz Majerek; Agnieszka Malec-Marczewska. A method of evaluation of the range of influence of the surface TDR sensor. CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON THERMOPHYSICS 2019 (CEST) 2019, 2133, 020023 .
AMA StyleZbigniew Suchorab, Dariusz Majerek, Agnieszka Malec-Marczewska. A method of evaluation of the range of influence of the surface TDR sensor. CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON THERMOPHYSICS 2019 (CEST). 2019; 2133 (1):020023.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZbigniew Suchorab; Dariusz Majerek; Agnieszka Malec-Marczewska. 2019. "A method of evaluation of the range of influence of the surface TDR sensor." CENTRAL EUROPEAN SYMPOSIUM ON THERMOPHYSICS 2019 (CEST) 2133, no. 1: 020023.
The aim of the study was to develop a method for early detection and identification of fungal contamination of building materials using an electronic nose. Therefore, the laboratory experiments based on the analysis of the air in the vicinity of fungal isolates potentially found in the building materials were performed. The results revealed that the employed gas sensors array consisting of MOS-type sensors enables the detection of the differences among the examined samples of fungi and distinguishing between the non-contaminated and contaminated samples, shortly after fungal contamination occurs. Electronic nose readouts were analysed using Principal Component Analysis and the results were verified with standard chromatographic analysis by means of SPME-GC/MS method, which proved that gas sensors array can be applied for early detection of fungal contamination.
Zbigniew Suchorab; Magdalena Frąc; Łukasz Guz; Karolina Oszust; Grzegorz Łagód; Agata Gryta; Nina Bilińska-Wielgus; Jacek Czerwiński. A method for early detection and identification of fungal contamination of building materials using e-nose. PLOS ONE 2019, 14, e0215179 .
AMA StyleZbigniew Suchorab, Magdalena Frąc, Łukasz Guz, Karolina Oszust, Grzegorz Łagód, Agata Gryta, Nina Bilińska-Wielgus, Jacek Czerwiński. A method for early detection and identification of fungal contamination of building materials using e-nose. PLOS ONE. 2019; 14 (4):e0215179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZbigniew Suchorab; Magdalena Frąc; Łukasz Guz; Karolina Oszust; Grzegorz Łagód; Agata Gryta; Nina Bilińska-Wielgus; Jacek Czerwiński. 2019. "A method for early detection and identification of fungal contamination of building materials using e-nose." PLOS ONE 14, no. 4: e0215179.
The paper presents experimental measurements and numerical simulation of thermal environment in naturally ventilated room by a fresh air valve. For the aim of Computer Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations, a model room was created. The fresh air valve is located in an occupied space, at the external wall. It has a major effect on mixing indoor and outdoor air, temperature profiles, thermal condition and indoor air quality of the rooms during the heating period. To determine the thermal condition of a naturally ventilated building, PN-EN 15251:2012 standard was used. According to the standard, using PMV/PPD is suitable for evaluating the thermal environment. In the naturally ventilated buildings, the following criteria are very important for local thermal discomfort: draught, radiant temperature asymmetry and vertical air temperature differences. To compare the simulation results, real air temperatures were measured by the thermocouples in a day room having the same geometry. A series of simulations has been carried out to determine the profiles of temperature and velocity of indoor air. Obtained results prove correlation with calculations of profiles of indoor air temperature, estimated using the thermocouples.
Andrzej Raczkowski; Zbigniew Suchorab; Przemysław Brzyski. Computational fluid dynamics simulation of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated room. MATEC Web of Conferences 2019, 252, 04007 .
AMA StyleAndrzej Raczkowski, Zbigniew Suchorab, Przemysław Brzyski. Computational fluid dynamics simulation of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated room. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2019; 252 ():04007.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Raczkowski; Zbigniew Suchorab; Przemysław Brzyski. 2019. "Computational fluid dynamics simulation of thermal comfort in naturally ventilated room." MATEC Web of Conferences 252, no. : 04007.
The article presents the potential application of the time domain reflectometry (TDR) technique to measure moisture transport in unsaturated porous materials. The research of the capillary uptake phenomenon in a sample of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) was conducted using a TDR sensor with the modified construction for non-invasive testing. In the paper the basic principles of the TDR method as a technique applied in metrology, and its potential for measurement of moisture in porous materials, including soils and porous building materials are presented. The second part of the article presents the experiment of capillary rise process in the AAC sample. Application of the custom sensor required its individual calibration, thus a unique model of regression between the readouts of apparent permittivity of the tested material and its moisture was developed. During the experiment moisture content was monitored in the sample exposed to water influence. Monitoring was conducted using the modified TDR sensor. The process was additionally measured using the standard frequency domain (FD) capacitive sensor in order to compare the readouts with traditional techniques of moisture detection. The uncertainty for testing AAC moisture, was expressed as RMSE (0.013 cm3/cm3) and expanded uncertainty (0.01–0.02 cm3/cm3 depending on moisture) was established along with calibration of the applied sensor. The obtained values are comparable to, or even better than, the features of the traditional invasive sensors utilizing universal calibration models. Both, the TDR and capacitive (FD) sensor enabled monitoring of capillary uptake phenomenon progress. It was noticed that at the end of the experiment the TDR readouts were 4.4% underestimated and the FD readouts were overestimated for 12.6% comparing to the reference gravimetric evaluation.
Zbigniew Suchorab; Marcin Konrad Widomski; Grzegorz Łagód; Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Dariusz Majerek. A Noninvasive TDR Sensor to Measure the Moisture Content of Rigid Porous Materials. Sensors 2018, 18, 3935 .
AMA StyleZbigniew Suchorab, Marcin Konrad Widomski, Grzegorz Łagód, Danuta Barnat-Hunek, Dariusz Majerek. A Noninvasive TDR Sensor to Measure the Moisture Content of Rigid Porous Materials. Sensors. 2018; 18 (11):3935.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZbigniew Suchorab; Marcin Konrad Widomski; Grzegorz Łagód; Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Dariusz Majerek. 2018. "A Noninvasive TDR Sensor to Measure the Moisture Content of Rigid Porous Materials." Sensors 18, no. 11: 3935.
Irfan Ansari; Ajay Kumar; Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Zbigniew Suchorab; Stanisław Fic; Agnieszka Siedlecka. Effect of Mass Variation on Vibration of a Functionally Graded Material Plate. AIAA Journal 2018, 56, 4626 -4631.
AMA StyleIrfan Ansari, Ajay Kumar, Danuta Barnat-Hunek, Zbigniew Suchorab, Stanisław Fic, Agnieszka Siedlecka. Effect of Mass Variation on Vibration of a Functionally Graded Material Plate. AIAA Journal. 2018; 56 (11):4626-4631.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrfan Ansari; Ajay Kumar; Danuta Barnat-Hunek; Zbigniew Suchorab; Stanisław Fic; Agnieszka Siedlecka. 2018. "Effect of Mass Variation on Vibration of a Functionally Graded Material Plate." AIAA Journal 56, no. 11: 4626-4631.
In recent years, black locust has been receiving special attention as a potential energy crop. Conversely, straw, which constitutes a waste product, is mainly used for energy purposes. The aim of this study was to perform the Life Cycle Assessment of straw pellet and black locust logs production. The environmental effects were investigated according to the Ecoindicator’99 and Global Warming Potential 100a methods. The single score for the functional unit of black locust logs equals 5.47 Pt, and for cereal straw pellets is between 23.37 and 30.49 Pt. The minor value of the indicator for wood results from higher density and net calorific value, which in this study was equal to 17.72 MJ/kg for black locust and 14.9 MJ/kg for cereal straw pellets. Moreover, greenhouse gas emission was calculated and equals 94.7 kgCO2eq for black locust logs and between 365.9 and 588.3 kgCO2eq for cereal straw pellets. Obtained results allow to compare the processes of biomass production. Black locust logs have a smaller potential of affecting the environment than pellets due to lower energy intensity of the production process, especially lower electricity consumption. Furthermore, logistic improvement may significantly decrease the environmental impact of discussed products. Novelty or Significance: The presented study includes the comparison of two biomass products (cereal straw pellets and black locust logs) based on the Life Cycle Assessment of their production. The originality of the comparison is based both on the detailed inventory and the applied impact assessment method (Ecoindicator'99). The broadened scope of the study allowed for the assessment of both production of materials and pellets, which brings the novel contribution into the existing state of knowledge pertaining to the biomass life cycle described by points of Ecoindicator and greenhouse gas emission. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2018
Agnieszka Żelazna; Artur Kraszkiewicz; Artur Przywara; Grzegorz Łagód; Zbigniew Suchorab; Sebastian Werle; Javier Ballester; Radovan Nosek. Life cycle assessment of production of black locust logs and straw pellets for energy purposes. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 2018, 38, 163 -170.
AMA StyleAgnieszka Żelazna, Artur Kraszkiewicz, Artur Przywara, Grzegorz Łagód, Zbigniew Suchorab, Sebastian Werle, Javier Ballester, Radovan Nosek. Life cycle assessment of production of black locust logs and straw pellets for energy purposes. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. 2018; 38 (1):163-170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Żelazna; Artur Kraszkiewicz; Artur Przywara; Grzegorz Łagód; Zbigniew Suchorab; Sebastian Werle; Javier Ballester; Radovan Nosek. 2018. "Life cycle assessment of production of black locust logs and straw pellets for energy purposes." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 38, no. 1: 163-170.
The use of natural building materials is consistent with the principles of sustainable development in the building sector. One of the natural and unprocessed materials used in construction is clay. This raw material is used in a natural form as a binder in plasters, mortars and in composites based on organic fillers. In order to improve the thermal insulation properties of building partition, lightweight aggregates such as expanded perlite, expanded clay or foam glass are often used instead of sand aggregates in mortars and plasters. The disadvantage of clay is the lack of resistance to water, which limits the use of clay plasters from the outside of external walls. The water resistances to water can be improved by using appropriate additives or admixtures. The article presents the research results and analysis of physical properties of clay mortars based on insulating aggregate (granulated foam glass). The effect of the aggregate fraction on apparent density, thermal conductivity of mortars was investigated. The influence of the use of additives and admixtures (casein and linseed oil varnish) on the resistance of clay mortars to water using the washing test and weight loss after immersion in water was also evaluated.
Przemysław Brzyski; Zbigniew Suchorab. Physical properties of clay mortars based on insulating aggregates. THERMOPHYSICS 2018: 23rd International Meeting of Thermophysics 2018 2018, 1988, 020007 .
AMA StylePrzemysław Brzyski, Zbigniew Suchorab. Physical properties of clay mortars based on insulating aggregates. THERMOPHYSICS 2018: 23rd International Meeting of Thermophysics 2018. 2018; 1988 (1):020007.
Chicago/Turabian StylePrzemysław Brzyski; Zbigniew Suchorab. 2018. "Physical properties of clay mortars based on insulating aggregates." THERMOPHYSICS 2018: 23rd International Meeting of Thermophysics 2018 1988, no. 1: 020007.
Aerated concrete is an artificial building material which shows anisotropic features. This is mainly caused by the technology of its production, where the aluminium powder as the expansive agent creates macro-pores that may differ in shape, dimension and configuration. Material anisotropy is caused by the orientation of the air-gaps in the structure of the mortar matrix. Directional configuration of the pores influences the processes of transport of water, air, vapor and heat through the building barriers. Presented research is an approach to determine the influence of direction of heat and water flow through the anisotropic material. Water flow characteristics depending on direction has been evaluated using technique of indirect moisture determination – Time Domain Reflectometry. Thermal conductivity coefficient differences in dependence on direction has been evaluated using stationary method.
Zbigniew Suchorab; Przemysław Brzyski; Andrzej Raczkowski; Monika Garbacz; Anna Życzyńska. Laboratory determination of hygric and thermal anisotropy of aerated concrete. AIP Conference Proceedings 2018, 1988, 020045 .
AMA StyleZbigniew Suchorab, Przemysław Brzyski, Andrzej Raczkowski, Monika Garbacz, Anna Życzyńska. Laboratory determination of hygric and thermal anisotropy of aerated concrete. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2018; 1988 (1):020045.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZbigniew Suchorab; Przemysław Brzyski; Andrzej Raczkowski; Monika Garbacz; Anna Życzyńska. 2018. "Laboratory determination of hygric and thermal anisotropy of aerated concrete." AIP Conference Proceedings 1988, no. 1: 020045.