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Maria Paola Tomasino
Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal

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Preprint content
Published: 09 April 2021
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Research on the emerging COVID-19 pandemic is demonstrating that wastewater infrastructures can be used as public health observatories of virus circulation in human communities. Important efforts are being organized worldwide to implement sewage-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 that can be used for preventive or early warning purposes, informing preparedness and response measures. However, its successful implementation requires important and iterative methodological improvements, as well as the establishment of standardized methods. The aim of this study was to develop a continuous monitoring protocol for SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, that could be used to model virus circulation within the communities, complementing the current clinical surveillance. Specific objectives included (1) optimization and validation of a sensitive method for virus quantification; (2) monitoring the time-evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the city of Porto, Portugal. Untreated wastewater samples were collected weekly from the two WWTPs between May 2020 and March 2021, encompassing two COVID-19 incidence peaks in the region (mid-November 2020 and mid-January 2021). In the first stage of this study, we compared, optimized and selected a sampling and analysis protocol that included RNA virus concentration through centrifugation, RNA extraction from both liquid and solid fractions and quantification by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). In the second stage, we used the selected methodology to track SARS-CoV-2 in the collected wastewater over time. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 39 and 37 out of 48 liquid and solid fraction samples of untreated wastewater, respectively. The copy numbers varied throughout the study between 0 and 0.15 copies/ng RNA and a good fit was observed between the SARS-CoV-2 RNA concentration in the untreated wastewater and the COVID-19 temporal trends in the study region. In agreement with the recent literature, the results from this study support the use of wastewater-based surveillance to complement clinical testing and evaluate temporal and spatial trends of the current pandemic.

ACS Style

Maria Paola Tomasino; Miguel Semedo; Pedro Vieira; Elza Ferraz; Adelaide Rocha; Maria F. Carvalho; Catarina Magalhães; Ana P. Mucha. Continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urban wastewater from Porto, Portugal: sampling and analysis protocols. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Maria Paola Tomasino, Miguel Semedo, Pedro Vieira, Elza Ferraz, Adelaide Rocha, Maria F. Carvalho, Catarina Magalhães, Ana P. Mucha. Continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urban wastewater from Porto, Portugal: sampling and analysis protocols. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Paola Tomasino; Miguel Semedo; Pedro Vieira; Elza Ferraz; Adelaide Rocha; Maria F. Carvalho; Catarina Magalhães; Ana P. Mucha. 2021. "Continuous monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urban wastewater from Porto, Portugal: sampling and analysis protocols." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2021 in Water
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This study aims to investigate the effect of two different groups of phenolic compounds (the alkylphenols nonylphenol (NP) and octylphenol (OP), and the chlorophenol pentachlorophenol (PCP)) on constructed wetlands (CWs) performance, including on organic matter, nutrients and contaminants removal efficiency, and on microbial community structure in the plant bed substrate. CWs were assembled at lab scale simulating a vertical flow configuration and irrigated along eight weeks with Ribeira de Joane (an urban stream) water not doped (control) or doped with a mixture of NP and OP or with PCP (at a 100 μg·L−1 concentration each). The presence of the phenolic contaminants did not interfere in the removal of organic matter or nutrients in CWs in the long term. Removals of NP and OP were >99%, whereas PCP removals varied between 87% and 98%, mainly due to biodegradation. Microbial richness, diversity and dominance in CWs substrate were generally not affected by phenolic compounds, with only PCP decreasing diversity. Microbial community structure, however, showed that there was an adaptation of the microbial community to the presence of each contaminant, with several specialist genera being enriched following exposure. The three more abundant specialist genera were Methylotenera and Methylophilus (methylophilaceae family) and Hyphomicrobium (hyphomicrobiaceae family) when the systems were exposed to a mixture of NP and OP. When exposed to PCP, the three more abundant genera were Denitromonas (Rhodocyclaceae family), Xenococcus_PCC_7305 (Xenococcaceae family) and Rhodocyclaceae_uncultured (Rhodocyclaceae family). To increase CWs efficiency in the elimination of phenolic compounds, namely PCP which was not totally removed, strategies to stimulate (namely biostimulation) or increase (namely bioaugmentation) the presence of these bacteria should be explore. This study clearly shows the potential of vertical flow CWs for the removal of phenolic compounds, a still little explored subject, contributing to promote the use of CWs as nature-based solutions to remediate water contaminated with different families of persistent and/or emergent contaminants.

ACS Style

Inês Montenegro; Ana Mucha; Maria Tomasino; Carlos Gomes; Cristina Almeida. Alkylphenols and Chlorophenols Remediation in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands: Removal Efficiency and Microbial Community Response. Water 2021, 13, 715 .

AMA Style

Inês Montenegro, Ana Mucha, Maria Tomasino, Carlos Gomes, Cristina Almeida. Alkylphenols and Chlorophenols Remediation in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands: Removal Efficiency and Microbial Community Response. Water. 2021; 13 (5):715.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Inês Montenegro; Ana Mucha; Maria Tomasino; Carlos Gomes; Cristina Almeida. 2021. "Alkylphenols and Chlorophenols Remediation in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands: Removal Efficiency and Microbial Community Response." Water 13, no. 5: 715.