Diet-related chronic disease is a global health epidemic giving rise to a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. With the rise of the digital revolution, there has been increased interest in using digital technology for eating behavioural change as a mean of diet-related chronic disease prevention. However, evidence on digital dietary behaviour change is relatively scarce. To address this problem, this review considers the digital interventions currently being used in dietary behaviour change studies. A literature search was conducted in databases like PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Medline, and PsycInfo. Among 119 articles screened, 15 were selected for the study as they met all the inclusion criteria according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) search strategy. Four primary digital intervention methods were noted: use of personal digital assistants, use of the internet as an educational tool, use of video games and use of mobile phone applications. The efficiency of all the interventions increased when coupled with tailored feedback and counselling. It was established that the scalable and sustainable properties of digital interventions have the potential to bring about adequate changes in the eating behaviour of individuals. Further research should concentrate on the appropriate personalisation of the interventions, according to the requirements of the individuals, and proper integration of behaviour change techniques to motivate long-term adherence.

Many companies have cited lack of cyber-security as the main barrier to Industrie 4.0 or digitalization. Security functions include protection, detection, response and investigation. Cyber-attack investigation is important as it can support the mitigation of damages and maturing future prevention approaches. Nowadays, the investigation of cyber-attacks has evolved more than ever leveraging combinations of intelligent tools and digital forensics processes. Intelligent tools (e.g., YARA rules and Indicators of Compromise) are effective only when there is prior knowledge about software and mechanisms used in the cyber-attack, i.e., they are not attack-agnostic. Therefore, the effectiveness of these intelligent tools is inversely proportional to the number of the never-seen-before software and mechanisms utilized. Digital forensic processes, while not suffering from such issue, lack the ability to provide in-depth support to a cyber-attack investigation mainly due to insufficient detailed instructions in the examination and analysis phases. This paper proposes a digital forensics framework for reviewing and investigating cyber-attacks, called D4I, which focuses on enhancing the examination and analysis phases. First, the framework proposes a digital artifacts categorization and mapping to the Cyber-Kill-Chain steps of attacks. Second, it provides detailed instructing steps for the examination and analysis phases. The applicability of D4I is demonstrated with an application example that concerns a typical case of a spear phishing attack.

The need for effective training of cyber security personnel working in critical infrastructures and in the corporate has brought attention to the evolution of Cyber Ranges (CRs) as learning and training tools. Although CRs have been organized for many years, there is a lack of standards and common methodologies that facilitate their development and optimize their effectiveness. Aiming at strengthening cyber security education and research that utilize well designed CRs, we first analyze the CRs domain to identify key characteristics, strengths and fundamental weaknesses, and based on these outcomes we propose the Cyber Range Design Framework (CRDF), which includes the CR Architecture and the CR Life-Cycle. The CR Architecture presents the main components of CRDF compliant CRs, whereas the CR Life-Cycle presents the development phases of such approaches and the activities these phases embrace. CRDF builds on the Conceptual Framework for eLearning and Training (COFELET) and on the Exercise Life-Cycle. COFELET is particularly elaborated for the development of cyber security educational approaches, by adopting its design considerations that were based on widely adopted educational theories and approaches (e.g., scenario-based, reuse of elements). CRDF envisages the elaboration of CRs which optimize their impact, mitigate their weaknesses, and minimize their preparation and running costs. Under this prism, a preliminary appreciation of the CRDF approaches effectiveness is presented along with the expected outcomes of such approaches.

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is a new but promising field of information security, with many organizations investing in the development of proper tools and services and the integration of CTI related information. However, as a new field, there is a lack of a conceptual framework with corresponding definitions. This paper discusses CTI complexity factors, proposes a set of definitions of the CTI key concepts and an eight-layer CTI Reference Model as a base for CTI systems design. In addition, the proposed reference model is validated by applying it to three case studies, producing the respective CTI Reference Architectures.