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Joanne M Leach
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

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Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Smart Infrastructure and Construction
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Many of the specialisms upon which infrastructure and cities rely for their effective design, construction, operation, governance, management and maintenance are underpinned by the principles of certainty, accuracy, precision and prediction. Not least of these is civil engineering. Yet, infrastructures and cities are characterised by complexity and emergence. In recent decades, understandings of infrastructures and cities have begun to reflect these properties and, in particular, transdisciplinarity is promoted as critical to advancing these new understandings. However, this presents conceptual and operational challenges for civil engineering as there is a fundamental mismatch between the certainty, accuracy, and precision required by engineers and the complexity and emergence of transdisciplinary research approaches. The forms of value arising from these research approaches are themselves contentious, leaving engineers exposed to competing claims and making them ill-prepared to exploit new insights to full advantage. This briefing explores these mismatches and contentions and proposes a set of four principles that underpin successful transdisciplinary research, laying the foundation for transforming research in infrastructure and cities by leveraging emergent, transdisciplinary approaches.

ACS Style

Joanne M Leach; Chris D F Rogers. Briefing: Embedding transdisciplinarity in engineering approaches to infrastructure and cities. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Smart Infrastructure and Construction 2020, 173, 19 -23.

AMA Style

Joanne M Leach, Chris D F Rogers. Briefing: Embedding transdisciplinarity in engineering approaches to infrastructure and cities. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Smart Infrastructure and Construction. 2020; 173 (2):19-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanne M Leach; Chris D F Rogers. 2020. "Briefing: Embedding transdisciplinarity in engineering approaches to infrastructure and cities." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Smart Infrastructure and Construction 173, no. 2: 19-23.

Conference paper
Published: 01 February 2020 in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability
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ACS Style

Joanne M Leach; Chris D F Rogers; Adriana Ortegon-Sanchez; Nick Tyler. The Liveable Cities Method: establishing the case for transformative change for a UK metro. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability 2020, 173, 8 -19.

AMA Style

Joanne M Leach, Chris D F Rogers, Adriana Ortegon-Sanchez, Nick Tyler. The Liveable Cities Method: establishing the case for transformative change for a UK metro. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability. 2020; 173 (1):8-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanne M Leach; Chris D F Rogers; Adriana Ortegon-Sanchez; Nick Tyler. 2020. "The Liveable Cities Method: establishing the case for transformative change for a UK metro." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability 173, no. 1: 8-19.

Journal article
Published: 19 October 2018 in Cities
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For policymakers, planners, urban design practitioners and city service decision-makers who endeavour to create policies and take decisions to improve the function of cities, developing an understanding of cities, and the particular city in question, is important. However, in the ever-increasing field of urban measurement and analysis, the challenges cities face are frequently presumed: crime and fear of crime, social inequality, environmental degradation, economic deterioration and disjointed governance. Although it may be that many cities share similar problems, it is unwise to assume that cities share the same challenges, to the same degree or in the same combination. And yet, diagnosing the challenges a city faces is often overlooked in preference for improving the understanding of known challenges. To address this oversight, this study evidences the need to diagnose urban challenges, introduces a novel mixed-methods approach for doing so, applies (and critiques) the approach to the city of Birmingham, UK, and proposes a set of principles for the transferability of this new urban diagnostic methodology to other cities. The paper argues that applying a rigorous, explorative, diagnostic approach to ‘reading cities’ provides confidence that all critical challenges have been identified and, crucially, identifies how they are interdependent, both of which have implications for how policymakers and decision-makers address a particular city's combination of interlinked challenges.

ACS Style

Joanne M. Leach; Rachel A. Mulhall; Chris D.F. Rogers; John R. Bryson. Reading cities: Developing an urban diagnostics approach for identifying integrated urban problems with application to the city of Birmingham, UK. Cities 2018, 86, 136 -144.

AMA Style

Joanne M. Leach, Rachel A. Mulhall, Chris D.F. Rogers, John R. Bryson. Reading cities: Developing an urban diagnostics approach for identifying integrated urban problems with application to the city of Birmingham, UK. Cities. 2018; 86 ():136-144.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanne M. Leach; Rachel A. Mulhall; Chris D.F. Rogers; John R. Bryson. 2018. "Reading cities: Developing an urban diagnostics approach for identifying integrated urban problems with application to the city of Birmingham, UK." Cities 86, no. : 136-144.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in Cities
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ACS Style

Joanne M. Leach; Susan E. Lee; Dexter V.L. Hunt; Christopher Rogers. Improving city-scale measures of livable sustainability: A study of urban measurement and assessment through application to the city of Birmingham, UK. Cities 2017, 71, 80 -87.

AMA Style

Joanne M. Leach, Susan E. Lee, Dexter V.L. Hunt, Christopher Rogers. Improving city-scale measures of livable sustainability: A study of urban measurement and assessment through application to the city of Birmingham, UK. Cities. 2017; 71 ():80-87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanne M. Leach; Susan E. Lee; Dexter V.L. Hunt; Christopher Rogers. 2017. "Improving city-scale measures of livable sustainability: A study of urban measurement and assessment through application to the city of Birmingham, UK." Cities 71, no. : 80-87.

Data article
Published: 13 October 2017 in Data in Brief
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This data article presents the UK City LIFE1 data set for the city of Birmingham, UK. UK City LIFE1 is a new, comprehensive and holistic method for measuring the livable sustainability performance of UK cities. The Birmingham data set comprises 346 indicators structured simultaneously (1) within a four-tier, outcome-based framework in order to aid in their interpretation (e.g., promote healthy living and healthy long lives, minimize energy use, uncouple economic vitality from CO2 emissions) and (2) thematically in order to complement government and disciplinary siloes (e.g., health, energy, economy, climate change). Birmingham data for the indicators are presented within an Excel spreadsheet with their type, units, geographic area, year, source, link to secondary data files, data collection method, data availability and any relevant calculations and notes. This paper provides a detailed description of UK city LIFE1 in order to enable comparable data sets to be produced for other UK cities. The Birmingham data set is made publically available at http://epapers.bham.ac.uk/3040/ to facilitate this and to enable further analyses. The UK City LIFE1 Birmingham data set has been used to understand what is known and what is not known about the livable sustainability performance of the city and to inform how Birmingham City Council can take action now to improve its understanding and its performance into the future (see “Improving city-scale measures of livable sustainability: A study of urban measurement and assessment through application to the city of Birmingham, UK” Leach et al. [2]).

ACS Style

Joanne M. Leach; Susan E. Lee; Christopher T. Boyko; Claire J. Coulton; Rachel Cooper; Nicholas Smith; Hélène Joffe; Milena Büchs; James D. Hale; Jonathan P. Sadler; Peter A. Braithwaite; Luke S. Blunden; Valeria De Laurentiis; Dexter V.L. Hunt; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Katie Barnes; Christopher J. Bouch; Leonidas Bourikas; Marianna Cavada; Andrew Chilvers; Stephen J. Clune; Brian Collins; Ellie Cosgrave; Nick Dunn; Jane Falkingham; Patrick James; Corina Kwami; Martin Locret-Collet; Francesca Medda; Adriana Ortegon; Serena Pollastri; Cosmin Popan; Katerina Psarikidou; Nick Tyler; John Urry; Yue Wu; Victoria Zeeb; Chris D.F. Rogers. Dataset of the livability performance of the city of Birmingham, UK, as measured by its citizen wellbeing, resource security, resource efficiency and carbon emissions. Data in Brief 2017, 15, 691 -695.

AMA Style

Joanne M. Leach, Susan E. Lee, Christopher T. Boyko, Claire J. Coulton, Rachel Cooper, Nicholas Smith, Hélène Joffe, Milena Büchs, James D. Hale, Jonathan P. Sadler, Peter A. Braithwaite, Luke S. Blunden, Valeria De Laurentiis, Dexter V.L. Hunt, AbuBakr S. Bahaj, Katie Barnes, Christopher J. Bouch, Leonidas Bourikas, Marianna Cavada, Andrew Chilvers, Stephen J. Clune, Brian Collins, Ellie Cosgrave, Nick Dunn, Jane Falkingham, Patrick James, Corina Kwami, Martin Locret-Collet, Francesca Medda, Adriana Ortegon, Serena Pollastri, Cosmin Popan, Katerina Psarikidou, Nick Tyler, John Urry, Yue Wu, Victoria Zeeb, Chris D.F. Rogers. Dataset of the livability performance of the city of Birmingham, UK, as measured by its citizen wellbeing, resource security, resource efficiency and carbon emissions. Data in Brief. 2017; 15 ():691-695.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanne M. Leach; Susan E. Lee; Christopher T. Boyko; Claire J. Coulton; Rachel Cooper; Nicholas Smith; Hélène Joffe; Milena Büchs; James D. Hale; Jonathan P. Sadler; Peter A. Braithwaite; Luke S. Blunden; Valeria De Laurentiis; Dexter V.L. Hunt; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Katie Barnes; Christopher J. Bouch; Leonidas Bourikas; Marianna Cavada; Andrew Chilvers; Stephen J. Clune; Brian Collins; Ellie Cosgrave; Nick Dunn; Jane Falkingham; Patrick James; Corina Kwami; Martin Locret-Collet; Francesca Medda; Adriana Ortegon; Serena Pollastri; Cosmin Popan; Katerina Psarikidou; Nick Tyler; John Urry; Yue Wu; Victoria Zeeb; Chris D.F. Rogers. 2017. "Dataset of the livability performance of the city of Birmingham, UK, as measured by its citizen wellbeing, resource security, resource efficiency and carbon emissions." Data in Brief 15, no. : 691-695.

Conference paper
Published: 01 May 2017 in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Waste and Resource Management
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ACS Style

Chris D. F. Rogers; Dexter V. L. Hunt; Joanne M. Leach; Phil Purnell; Katy E. Roelich. Briefing: Resource scarcity and resource security – a suppressed civil engineering challenge. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Waste and Resource Management 2017, 170, 49 -52.

AMA Style

Chris D. F. Rogers, Dexter V. L. Hunt, Joanne M. Leach, Phil Purnell, Katy E. Roelich. Briefing: Resource scarcity and resource security – a suppressed civil engineering challenge. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Waste and Resource Management. 2017; 170 (2):49-52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris D. F. Rogers; Dexter V. L. Hunt; Joanne M. Leach; Phil Purnell; Katy E. Roelich. 2017. "Briefing: Resource scarcity and resource security – a suppressed civil engineering challenge." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Waste and Resource Management 170, no. 2: 49-52.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2017 in Sustainability
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Recently, much of the literature on sharing in cities has focused on the sharing economy, in which people use online platforms to share underutilized assets in the marketplace. This view of sharing is too narrow for cities, as it neglects the myriad of ways, reasons, and scales in which citizens share in urban environments. Research presented here by the Liveable Cities team in the form of participant workshops in Lancaster and Birmingham, UK, suggests that a broader approach to understanding sharing in cities is essential. The research also highlighted tools and methods that may be used to help to identify sharing in communities. The paper ends with advice to city stakeholders, such as policymakers, urban planners, and urban designers, who are considering how to enhance sustainability in cities through sharing.

ACS Style

Christopher T. Boyko; Stephen J. Clune; Rachel F. D. Cooper; Claire J. Coulton; Nick S. Dunn; Serena Pollastri; Joanne M. Leach; Christopher J. Bouch; Mariana Cavada; Valeria De Laurentiis; Mike Goodfellow-Smith; James D. Hale; Dan K. G. Hunt; Susan E. Lee; Martin Locret-Collet; Jon P. Sadler; Jonathan Ward; Christopher D. F. Rogers; Cosmin Popan; Katerina Psarikidou; John Urry; Luke S. Blunden; Leonidas Bourikas; Milena Büchs; Jane Falkingham; Mikey Harper; Patrick A. B. James; Mamusu Kamanda; Tatiana Sanches; Philip Turner; Phil Y. Wu; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Adriana Ortegon; Katie Barnes; Ellie Cosgrave; Paul Honeybone; Helene Joffe; Corina Kwami; Victoria Zeeb; Brian Collins; Nick Tyler. How Sharing Can Contribute to More Sustainable Cities. Sustainability 2017, 9, 701 .

AMA Style

Christopher T. Boyko, Stephen J. Clune, Rachel F. D. Cooper, Claire J. Coulton, Nick S. Dunn, Serena Pollastri, Joanne M. Leach, Christopher J. Bouch, Mariana Cavada, Valeria De Laurentiis, Mike Goodfellow-Smith, James D. Hale, Dan K. G. Hunt, Susan E. Lee, Martin Locret-Collet, Jon P. Sadler, Jonathan Ward, Christopher D. F. Rogers, Cosmin Popan, Katerina Psarikidou, John Urry, Luke S. Blunden, Leonidas Bourikas, Milena Büchs, Jane Falkingham, Mikey Harper, Patrick A. B. James, Mamusu Kamanda, Tatiana Sanches, Philip Turner, Phil Y. Wu, AbuBakr S. Bahaj, Adriana Ortegon, Katie Barnes, Ellie Cosgrave, Paul Honeybone, Helene Joffe, Corina Kwami, Victoria Zeeb, Brian Collins, Nick Tyler. How Sharing Can Contribute to More Sustainable Cities. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (5):701.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher T. Boyko; Stephen J. Clune; Rachel F. D. Cooper; Claire J. Coulton; Nick S. Dunn; Serena Pollastri; Joanne M. Leach; Christopher J. Bouch; Mariana Cavada; Valeria De Laurentiis; Mike Goodfellow-Smith; James D. Hale; Dan K. G. Hunt; Susan E. Lee; Martin Locret-Collet; Jon P. Sadler; Jonathan Ward; Christopher D. F. Rogers; Cosmin Popan; Katerina Psarikidou; John Urry; Luke S. Blunden; Leonidas Bourikas; Milena Büchs; Jane Falkingham; Mikey Harper; Patrick A. B. James; Mamusu Kamanda; Tatiana Sanches; Philip Turner; Phil Y. Wu; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Adriana Ortegon; Katie Barnes; Ellie Cosgrave; Paul Honeybone; Helene Joffe; Corina Kwami; Victoria Zeeb; Brian Collins; Nick Tyler. 2017. "How Sharing Can Contribute to More Sustainable Cities." Sustainability 9, no. 5: 701.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
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Energy is a vital resource in modern life. With increasingly limited availability of traditional energy resources, e.g., oil, coal and nuclear, together with environmental concerns, there is raised awareness that energy needs to be both used more efficiently and generated in line with thinking on sustainability. Ready access to ‘clean’ energy is essential if we wish to maintain our current way of life without compromising our wellbeing or the carrying capacity of the planet. This paper aims to analyse the differences and similarities in energy supply and demand between two very different cities. Masdar City, founded in 2008, is a dynamic new Middle-Eastern city being built in a desert environment. Its aim is to be the most sustainable city in the world and offers an exciting opportunity to provide unique insights into the application of different innovative technologies as ‘new-build’ within an urban environment. Birmingham is a well-established post-industrial city that has evolved over fourteen hundred years. It was one of the fastest growing cities in 19th century England (Popp and Wilson, 2009) [1]. To do this a material flow analysis approach has been adopted to provide a framework for the study. The energy-related opportunities and mutual benefits that each city can gain from the experiences of the other are explored and five emergent issues are identified: innovation and experimentation, lock-in, balance, resilience and governance. This work shows how a greater understanding of common issues can lead to more sustainable, resilient and robust cities, able to face the challenges of the next 50 years

ACS Style

Susan Lee; Peter Braithwaite; Joanne Leach; Chris D.F. Rogers. A comparison of energy systems in Birmingham, UK, with Masdar City, an embryonic city in Abu Dhabi Emirate. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2016, 65, 1299 -1309.

AMA Style

Susan Lee, Peter Braithwaite, Joanne Leach, Chris D.F. Rogers. A comparison of energy systems in Birmingham, UK, with Masdar City, an embryonic city in Abu Dhabi Emirate. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2016; 65 ():1299-1309.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susan Lee; Peter Braithwaite; Joanne Leach; Chris D.F. Rogers. 2016. "A comparison of energy systems in Birmingham, UK, with Masdar City, an embryonic city in Abu Dhabi Emirate." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 65, no. : 1299-1309.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in International Journal of Complexity in Applied Science and Technology
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ACS Style

Joanne M. Leach; Peter A. Braithwaite; Susan E. Lee; Christopher J. Bouch; Dexter V.L. Hunt; Chris D.F. Rogers. Measuring urban sustainability and liveability performance: the City Analysis Methodology. International Journal of Complexity in Applied Science and Technology 2016, 1, 86 .

AMA Style

Joanne M. Leach, Peter A. Braithwaite, Susan E. Lee, Christopher J. Bouch, Dexter V.L. Hunt, Chris D.F. Rogers. Measuring urban sustainability and liveability performance: the City Analysis Methodology. International Journal of Complexity in Applied Science and Technology. 2016; 1 (1):86.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanne M. Leach; Peter A. Braithwaite; Susan E. Lee; Christopher J. Bouch; Dexter V.L. Hunt; Chris D.F. Rogers. 2016. "Measuring urban sustainability and liveability performance: the City Analysis Methodology." International Journal of Complexity in Applied Science and Technology 1, no. 1: 86.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2015 in Sustainability
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Tree planting is widely advocated and applied in urban areas, with large-scale projects underway in cities globally. Numerous potential benefits are used to justify these planting campaigns. However, reports of poor tree survival raise questions about the ability of such projects to deliver on their promises over the long-term. Each potential benefit requires different supporting conditions—relating not only to the type and placement of the tree, but also to the broader urban system within which it is embedded. This set of supporting conditions may not always be mutually compatible and may not persist for the lifetime of the tree. Here, we demonstrate a systems-based approach that makes these dependencies, synergies, and tensions more explicit, allowing them to be used to test the decadal-scale resilience of urban street trees. Our analysis highlights social, environmental, and economic assumptions that are implicit within planting projects; notably that high levels of maintenance and public support for urban street trees will persist throughout their natural lifespan, and that the surrounding built form will remain largely unchanged. Whilst the vulnerability of each benefit may be highly context specific, we identify approaches that address some typical weaknesses, making a functional, resilient, urban forest more attainable.

ACS Style

James D. Hale; Thomas A. M. Pugh; Jon P. Sadler; Christopher T. Boyko; Julie Brown; Silvio Caputo; Maria Caserio; Richard Coles; Raziyeh Farmani; Chantal Hales; Russell Horsey; Dexter V. L. Hunt; Joanne M. Leach; Christopher D. F. Rogers; A. Rob MacKenzie. Delivering a Multi-Functional and Resilient Urban Forest. Sustainability 2015, 7, 4600 -4624.

AMA Style

James D. Hale, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Jon P. Sadler, Christopher T. Boyko, Julie Brown, Silvio Caputo, Maria Caserio, Richard Coles, Raziyeh Farmani, Chantal Hales, Russell Horsey, Dexter V. L. Hunt, Joanne M. Leach, Christopher D. F. Rogers, A. Rob MacKenzie. Delivering a Multi-Functional and Resilient Urban Forest. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (4):4600-4624.

Chicago/Turabian Style

James D. Hale; Thomas A. M. Pugh; Jon P. Sadler; Christopher T. Boyko; Julie Brown; Silvio Caputo; Maria Caserio; Richard Coles; Raziyeh Farmani; Chantal Hales; Russell Horsey; Dexter V. L. Hunt; Joanne M. Leach; Christopher D. F. Rogers; A. Rob MacKenzie. 2015. "Delivering a Multi-Functional and Resilient Urban Forest." Sustainability 7, no. 4: 4600-4624.

Conference paper
Published: 01 February 2015 in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning
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Planners, architects, urban designers and other built environment professionals engage with a myriad of checkboxes, guidelines, requirements and specifications, all of which potentially compromise creativity and innovation in urban design. Approaches that measure performance are accused of belying the nature of places as messy, plural, organic, accidental and emotive; trying to find a formula that works may tick boxes, but it risks creating soulless spaces, oppressing innovation and incorporation of inappropriate design elements. This paper argues that sustainability assessment methods do have something to contribute to creativity and innovation in urban design precisely because they encourage engagement with challenging and often complex societal priorities. Through interviews with built environment professionals and a critical examination of sustainability assessment methods, the authors suggest that such methods can promote creativity and innovation if they engage competently with sustainability, work at a scale that allows for both breadth and depth (typically greater than the building scale) and incorporate in their design a set of eight key characteristics designed to promote creativity and innovation.

ACS Style

Joanne M. Leach; Christopher Thomas Boyko; Rachel Cooper; Anna Woodeson; Jim Eyre; Christopher Rogers. Do sustainability measures constrain urban design creativity? Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning 2015, 168, 30 -41.

AMA Style

Joanne M. Leach, Christopher Thomas Boyko, Rachel Cooper, Anna Woodeson, Jim Eyre, Christopher Rogers. Do sustainability measures constrain urban design creativity? Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning. 2015; 168 (1):30-41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanne M. Leach; Christopher Thomas Boyko; Rachel Cooper; Anna Woodeson; Jim Eyre; Christopher Rogers. 2015. "Do sustainability measures constrain urban design creativity?" Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning 168, no. 1: 30-41.

Conference paper
Published: 05 November 2014 in Proceedings of The 4th World Sustainability Forum
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Well-functioning 'liveable' cities should be sustainable and their consumption of natural resources and production of waste must fit within the capacities of the local, regional and global ecosystems. It is increasingly becoming suggested that an Urban Metabolism (UM), approach could help city decision-makers (e.g. planners) take account of numerous critical influencing factors related to the inward outward flow(s) of natural resources (e.g. food, water and energy) and accumulation of waste. The paper identifies the precursory step for any UM study (Mass Flow Analysis - MFA) and applies it to a case study (Birmingham, UK) in order to show how it could contribute to the measurement, assessment and understanding of liveability, defined as 80% reduction in carbon (from 1990 levels); resource secure (an ethos of One planet living); with maintained or enhanced wellbeing. By provided focus upon an individual resource stream (i.e. water) at multiple scales (city to individual) it is shown that MFA can be used as a starting point to develop realistic and radical engineering solutions. However further work is required for it to be truly reflective of broader aspects of urban liveability.

ACS Style

Dexter Hunt; Joanne Leach; Susan Lee; Chris Bouch; Peter Braithwaite; Chris Rogers. Material Flow Analysis (MFA) for Liveable Cities. Proceedings of The 4th World Sustainability Forum 2014, 1 .

AMA Style

Dexter Hunt, Joanne Leach, Susan Lee, Chris Bouch, Peter Braithwaite, Chris Rogers. Material Flow Analysis (MFA) for Liveable Cities. Proceedings of The 4th World Sustainability Forum. 2014; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dexter Hunt; Joanne Leach; Susan Lee; Chris Bouch; Peter Braithwaite; Chris Rogers. 2014. "Material Flow Analysis (MFA) for Liveable Cities." Proceedings of The 4th World Sustainability Forum , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2014 in Proceedings of the International Symposium for Next Generation Infrastructure
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Infrastructure forms the framework within which modern societies operate both at the physical and social level. It includes (amongst others) digital, green and social infrastructures, emergency services and food networks, water, energy, waste and transport. Infrastructure, by its very nature, locks in behaviours. The Liveable Cities research consortium aims to identify and test radical engineering interventions that will lead to future low carbon, resource secure cities in which societal wellbeing is prioritised, and these will necessarily influence the shape of infrastructure provision. This paper presents a discussion of what comprises a liveable city and how it might be achieved. It presents the City Design Framework, a technique for the analysis of city strategies that establishes a hierarchy of needs relevant to successfully achieving a liveable city. The framework supports changing perceptions of infrastructure since the necessary future changes have the potential to radically alter people’s lifestyle and wellbeing. Citation: Leach, J.M., Lee, S.E., Braithwaite, P.A., Bouch, C.J., Grayson, N. & Rogers, C.D.F. (2014). What Makes a City Liveable? Implications for Next-Generation Infrastructure Services. In: Campbell P. and Perez P. (Eds), Proceedings of the International Symposium of Next Generation Infrastructure, 1-4 October 2013, SMART Infrastructure Facility, University of Wollongong, Australia.

ACS Style

Joanne Leach; S. E. Lee; P. A. Braithwaite; C. J. Bouch; N. Grayson; C. D.F. Rogers. What Makes a City Liveable? Implications for Next-Generation Infrastructure Services. Proceedings of the International Symposium for Next Generation Infrastructure 2014, 1 .

AMA Style

Joanne Leach, S. E. Lee, P. A. Braithwaite, C. J. Bouch, N. Grayson, C. D.F. Rogers. What Makes a City Liveable? Implications for Next-Generation Infrastructure Services. Proceedings of the International Symposium for Next Generation Infrastructure. 2014; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanne Leach; S. E. Lee; P. A. Braithwaite; C. J. Bouch; N. Grayson; C. D.F. Rogers. 2014. "What Makes a City Liveable? Implications for Next-Generation Infrastructure Services." Proceedings of the International Symposium for Next Generation Infrastructure , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2012 in Sustainability
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Future scenarios provide challenging, plausible and relevant stories about how the future could unfold. Urban Futures (UF) research has identified a substantial set (>450) of seemingly disparate scenarios published over the period 1997–2011 and within this research, a sub-set of >160 scenarios has been identified (and categorized) based on their narratives according to the structure first proposed by the Global Scenario Group (GSG) in 1997; three world types (Business as Usual, Barbarization, and Great Transitions) and six scenarios, two for each world type (Policy Reform—PR, Market Forces—MF, Breakdown—B, Fortress World—FW, Eco-Communalism—EC and New Sustainability Paradigm—NSP). It is suggested that four of these scenario archetypes (MF, PR, NSP and FW) are sufficiently distinct to facilitate active stakeholder engagement in futures thinking. Moreover they are accompanied by a well-established, internally consistent set of narratives that provide a deeper understanding of the key fundamental drivers (e.g., STEEP—Social, Technological, Economic, Environmental and Political) that could bring about realistic world changes through a push or a pull effect. This is testament to the original concept of the GSG scenarios and their development and refinement over a 16 year period.

ACS Style

Dexter V. L. Hunt; D. Rachel Lombardi; Stuart Atkinson; Austin R. G. Barber; Matthew Barnes; Christopher T. Boyko; Julie Brown; John Bryson; David Butler; Silvio Caputo; Maria Caserio; Richard Coles; Rachel F. D. Cooper; Raziyeh Farmani; Mark Gaterell; James Hale; Chantal Hales; C. Nicholas Hewitt; Lubo Jankovic; I. Jefferson; J. Leach; A. Rob MacKenzie; Fayyaz Ali Memon; Jon P. Sadler; Carina Weingaertner; J. Duncan Whyatt; Christopher D. F. Rogers. Scenario Archetypes: Converging Rather than Diverging Themes. Sustainability 2012, 4, 740 -772.

AMA Style

Dexter V. L. Hunt, D. Rachel Lombardi, Stuart Atkinson, Austin R. G. Barber, Matthew Barnes, Christopher T. Boyko, Julie Brown, John Bryson, David Butler, Silvio Caputo, Maria Caserio, Richard Coles, Rachel F. D. Cooper, Raziyeh Farmani, Mark Gaterell, James Hale, Chantal Hales, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Lubo Jankovic, I. Jefferson, J. Leach, A. Rob MacKenzie, Fayyaz Ali Memon, Jon P. Sadler, Carina Weingaertner, J. Duncan Whyatt, Christopher D. F. Rogers. Scenario Archetypes: Converging Rather than Diverging Themes. Sustainability. 2012; 4 (4):740-772.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dexter V. L. Hunt; D. Rachel Lombardi; Stuart Atkinson; Austin R. G. Barber; Matthew Barnes; Christopher T. Boyko; Julie Brown; John Bryson; David Butler; Silvio Caputo; Maria Caserio; Richard Coles; Rachel F. D. Cooper; Raziyeh Farmani; Mark Gaterell; James Hale; Chantal Hales; C. Nicholas Hewitt; Lubo Jankovic; I. Jefferson; J. Leach; A. Rob MacKenzie; Fayyaz Ali Memon; Jon P. Sadler; Carina Weingaertner; J. Duncan Whyatt; Christopher D. F. Rogers. 2012. "Scenario Archetypes: Converging Rather than Diverging Themes." Sustainability 4, no. 4: 740-772.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2012 in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability
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Making cities more sustainable is a top priority – for national governments, for cities and for the people who live, work and visit urban areas. The past decade has seen a concerted UK effort to develop, apply and assess sustainability solutions for the present and near future; however, little has been done to test urban regeneration solutions beyond that. This paper describes a methodology that has developed future scenarios for the year 2050 against which to test the robustness of current engineering solutions, thereby providing unique insights into the potential impacts of present urban planning and design decisions, and thus financial investments. If a proposed solution delivers a positive legacy, regardless of the future against which it is tested, then it can be adopted with confidence. When there are very different outcomes depending on the future, the solution can either be modified to create an improved outcome regardless of the future or implemented in the knowledge of the likely impacts if the future develops in different ways. The urban futures methodology has been applied to the Lancaster Luneside East regeneration site, for which contextual information is described along with a justification for its use as a case study to trial the methodology

ACS Style

Chris D. F. Rogers; D. Rachel Lombardi; Joanne Leach; Rachel F. D. Cooper. The urban futures methodology applied to urban regeneration. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability 2012, 165, 5 -20.

AMA Style

Chris D. F. Rogers, D. Rachel Lombardi, Joanne Leach, Rachel F. D. Cooper. The urban futures methodology applied to urban regeneration. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability. 2012; 165 (1):5-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chris D. F. Rogers; D. Rachel Lombardi; Joanne Leach; Rachel F. D. Cooper. 2012. "The urban futures methodology applied to urban regeneration." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability 165, no. 1: 5-20.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2011 in Global Environmental Change
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Scenarios are a useful tool to help think about and visualise the future and, as such, are utilised by many policymakers and practitioners. Future scenarios have not been used to explore the urban context in much depth, yet have the potential to provide valuable insights into the robustness of decisions being made today in the name of sustainability. As part of a major research project entitled Urban Futures, a toolkit has been developed in the UK to facilitate the use of scenarios in any urban context and at any scale relevant to that context. The toolkit comprises two key components, namely, (i) a series of indicators comprising both generic and topic area-specific indicators (e.g., air quality, biodiversity, density, water) that measure sustainability performance and (ii) a list of characteristics (i.e., 1–2-sentence statements about a feature, issue or small set of issues) that describe four future scenarios. In combination, these two components enable us to measure the performance of any given sustainability indicator, and establish the relative sensitivity or vulnerability of that indicator to the different future scenarios. An important aspect of the methodology underpinning the toolkit is that it is flexible enough to incorporate new scenarios, characteristics and indicators, thereby allowing the long-term performance of our urban environments to be considered in the broadest possible sense.

ACS Style

Christopher T. Boyko; Mark Gaterell; Austin R.G. Barber; Julie Brown; John R. Bryson; David Butler; Silvio Caputo; Maria Caserio; Richard Coles; Rachel Cooper; Gemma Davies; Raziyeh Farmani; James Hale; A. Chantal Hales; Charles Nicholas Hewitt; Dexter V.L. Hunt; Lubo Jankovic; Ian Jefferson; Joanne M. Leach; D. Rachel Lombardi; A. Robert MacKenzie; Fayyaz A. Memon; Thomas A.M. Pugh; John P. Sadler; Carina Weingaertner; J. Duncan Whyatt; Christopher Rogers. Benchmarking sustainability in cities: The role of indicators and future scenarios. Global Environmental Change 2011, 22, 245 -254.

AMA Style

Christopher T. Boyko, Mark Gaterell, Austin R.G. Barber, Julie Brown, John R. Bryson, David Butler, Silvio Caputo, Maria Caserio, Richard Coles, Rachel Cooper, Gemma Davies, Raziyeh Farmani, James Hale, A. Chantal Hales, Charles Nicholas Hewitt, Dexter V.L. Hunt, Lubo Jankovic, Ian Jefferson, Joanne M. Leach, D. Rachel Lombardi, A. Robert MacKenzie, Fayyaz A. Memon, Thomas A.M. Pugh, John P. Sadler, Carina Weingaertner, J. Duncan Whyatt, Christopher Rogers. Benchmarking sustainability in cities: The role of indicators and future scenarios. Global Environmental Change. 2011; 22 (1):245-254.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher T. Boyko; Mark Gaterell; Austin R.G. Barber; Julie Brown; John R. Bryson; David Butler; Silvio Caputo; Maria Caserio; Richard Coles; Rachel Cooper; Gemma Davies; Raziyeh Farmani; James Hale; A. Chantal Hales; Charles Nicholas Hewitt; Dexter V.L. Hunt; Lubo Jankovic; Ian Jefferson; Joanne M. Leach; D. Rachel Lombardi; A. Robert MacKenzie; Fayyaz A. Memon; Thomas A.M. Pugh; John P. Sadler; Carina Weingaertner; J. Duncan Whyatt; Christopher Rogers. 2011. "Benchmarking sustainability in cities: The role of indicators and future scenarios." Global Environmental Change 22, no. 1: 245-254.