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Christopher Thomas Boyko
Lancaster Institute for the Contemporary Arts, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK

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Review
Published: 19 March 2021 in Geoderma
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The expansion of urban areas worldwide is increasing the anthropogenic impact upon soil and highlights the important role of urban areas in supporting a sustainable future. As such, urban soils are becoming more important in the delivery of a broad range of ecosystem services (ESs), including carbon storage and climate regulation, biomass provision for food and water flow regulation, and recreational benefits. In this review, we aim to support the development of this emerging research area and, subsequently, support the improved treatment and management of urban soil and ES delivery. We present a systematic review of which ESs have been studied and examine trends in research using a co-occurrence analysis of key terms. We then provide a summary review of current knowledge on ESs and identify the gaps in knowledge. Our review highlights that this is a young, but growing, field of research, with a marked increase in publications since 2014. We found that supporting processes and regulating services were most commonly studied, with 88% and 71% of the papers relating to quantitative studies addressing these, respectively. Cultural, provisioning and water-related ESs were relatively understudied, suggesting key gaps for future research. However, this may be attributable to a disconnection between academic communities rather than a lack of knowledge. Fewer than 20% of quantitative studies addressed more than two ESs simultaneously, leading us to suggest that urban soil multifunctionality is a key area for future research, and highlighting the need to integrate understanding of urban soil ESs across disciplines and professions. In addition to this overarching suggestion, we propose six research gaps and opportunities: further research into biomass provision for food, water-related ESs and cultural ESs; greater geographical representation; further interconnection between research and practitioner communities; and a focus on the future drivers of soil change in urban environments.

ACS Style

Roisin O'Riordan; Jess Davies; Carly Stevens; John N Quinton; Christopher Boyko. The ecosystem services of urban soils: A review. Geoderma 2021, 395, 115076 .

AMA Style

Roisin O'Riordan, Jess Davies, Carly Stevens, John N Quinton, Christopher Boyko. The ecosystem services of urban soils: A review. Geoderma. 2021; 395 ():115076.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roisin O'Riordan; Jess Davies; Carly Stevens; John N Quinton; Christopher Boyko. 2021. "The ecosystem services of urban soils: A review." Geoderma 395, no. : 115076.

Journal article
Published: 23 June 2020 in Social Sciences
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This article examines density and deprivation, the two important parameters that define health and well-being in cities. Discussions are drawn from a case study conducted in Birmingham in four neighborhoods characterized by their different population density and deprivation levels. Data were collected through questionnaires developed from a set of subjective well-being measures and built environment audits, based on the Irvine Minnesota Inventory that evaluates the quality of streets and walkability in neighborhoods. The inferences from the study support the need for linking health, planning, policy and design research and decision-making to the socio-spatial practices of people, impacting well-being at the everyday level. The findings provide a holistic approach health and well-being research and suggests a conceptual framework for inclusive well-being in cities, which signifies the role of social and spatial parameters in determining peoples’ health and well-being. The study also highlights the lack of interdisciplinary research in understanding the association between well-being and social and behavioral practices in diverse communities.

ACS Style

Lakshmi Rajendran; Christopher Boyko; Claire Coulton; James Hale; Rachel Cooper. A Socio-Spatial Approach to Enable Inclusive Well-Being in Cities: A Case Study of Birmingham, UK. Social Sciences 2020, 9, 109 .

AMA Style

Lakshmi Rajendran, Christopher Boyko, Claire Coulton, James Hale, Rachel Cooper. A Socio-Spatial Approach to Enable Inclusive Well-Being in Cities: A Case Study of Birmingham, UK. Social Sciences. 2020; 9 (6):109.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lakshmi Rajendran; Christopher Boyko; Claire Coulton; James Hale; Rachel Cooper. 2020. "A Socio-Spatial Approach to Enable Inclusive Well-Being in Cities: A Case Study of Birmingham, UK." Social Sciences 9, no. 6: 109.

Conference paper
Published: 09 January 2019 in Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes
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This research focuses on four main topics: children’s cognitive developments—it relates to age-appropriate interior design; children’s healing environments; public spaces in hospitals—interior architecture and interior design; contextual issues—specifically the religious, ethnic and national context of Palestine. The literature indicates that research is needed in the design of healing environments for children to create spaces that are child-friendly and meet their cognitive development needs. In Palestine, qualitative data were collected during nine co-design and co-creation workshops that included arts-based activities and semi-structured interviews. Participants included children from 3 to 18 years, parents, medical staff and four groups of designers. The study uses a thematic analysis approach for analysing the qualitative data. The results of the analysis were sorted into main themes and sub-themes. The key findings of this study inform guidelines and recommendations for the design of children’s hospitals, particularly public spaces in the context of Palestine.

ACS Style

Rawa abu Lawi; Stuart Walker; Christopher Boyko. Healing by Design. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes 2019, 427 -438.

AMA Style

Rawa abu Lawi, Stuart Walker, Christopher Boyko. Healing by Design. Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes. 2019; ():427-438.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rawa abu Lawi; Stuart Walker; Christopher Boyko. 2019. "Healing by Design." Blockchain Technology and Innovations in Business Processes , no. : 427-438.

Discussion
Published: 13 December 2018 in She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation
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The paper is the story of building a design research group from scratch. As there has been some recent interest in design research as a team based activity, this article illustrates how we built the Imagination research team and how it continues to develop. This article gives us the chance to reflect on how far we have come in the last decade. Once we were a few dedicated members of staff wanting to bring design research to a small university in the north of the UK. Now we are one of the leading centers of excellence worldwide for design research. This article uses case studies from research projects and Ph.D. research to demonstrate Imagination’s research philosophy—open-ended and anti-disciplinary. We celebrate the plurality of ways design research is carried out. The article highlights how we use design research to address global challenges, and how these have also shaped our teaching and further research. We end by considering the value of design research and how we, as a team, can take Imagination forward into the next decade.

ACS Style

Rachel Cooper; Nick Dunn; Paul Coulton; Stuart Walker; Paul Rodgers; Leon Cruikshank; Emmanuel Tsekleves; David Hands; Roger Whitham; Christopher T. Boyko; Daniel Richards; Bijan Aryana; Serena Pollastri; Maria Alejandra Lujan Escalante; Bran Knowles; Carlos Lopez-Galviz; Paul Cureton; Claire Coulton. ImaginationLancaster: Open-Ended, Anti-Disciplinary, Diverse. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation 2018, 4, 307 -341.

AMA Style

Rachel Cooper, Nick Dunn, Paul Coulton, Stuart Walker, Paul Rodgers, Leon Cruikshank, Emmanuel Tsekleves, David Hands, Roger Whitham, Christopher T. Boyko, Daniel Richards, Bijan Aryana, Serena Pollastri, Maria Alejandra Lujan Escalante, Bran Knowles, Carlos Lopez-Galviz, Paul Cureton, Claire Coulton. ImaginationLancaster: Open-Ended, Anti-Disciplinary, Diverse. She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation. 2018; 4 (4):307-341.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rachel Cooper; Nick Dunn; Paul Coulton; Stuart Walker; Paul Rodgers; Leon Cruikshank; Emmanuel Tsekleves; David Hands; Roger Whitham; Christopher T. Boyko; Daniel Richards; Bijan Aryana; Serena Pollastri; Maria Alejandra Lujan Escalante; Bran Knowles; Carlos Lopez-Galviz; Paul Cureton; Claire Coulton. 2018. "ImaginationLancaster: Open-Ended, Anti-Disciplinary, Diverse." She Ji: The Journal of Design, Economics, and Innovation 4, no. 4: 307-341.

Conference paper
Published: 01 August 2018 in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning
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Recognising that cities provide the context for, and are often the direct beneficiary of, much civil engineering design and construction, it is essential that the future aspirations of city stakeholders are understood, and accommodated where possible. Without this, engineering is likely to prove inefficient at best and potentially ineffective. Developing visions for future cities is essential for all urban design, engineering, and planning projects. However, there is a tendency for future visions to be produced in the later stages of research and design processes. Moreover, future visions usually focus on communicating a selection of alternative and coherent scenarios, rather than the complexity of their formation and context. This paper proposes that processes of envisioning urban futures can be designed as conversations among different actors. The resulting visions articulate the multiplicity of perspectives that emerge from such conversations, rather than presenting possible solutions. Drawing from research conducted as part of the Liveable Cities programme, alongside contributions from the Foresight Future of Cities project and Urban Living research, the paper will reflect on how participatory design and information visualisation methods can be adopted to engage participants in developing visions for future cities that articulate complexity and criticalities.

ACS Style

Serena Pollastri; Nick Dunn; Chris D. F. Rogers; Christopher T. Boyko; Rachel Cooper; Nick Tyler. Envisioning urban futures as conversations to inform design and research. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning 2018, 171, 146 -156.

AMA Style

Serena Pollastri, Nick Dunn, Chris D. F. Rogers, Christopher T. Boyko, Rachel Cooper, Nick Tyler. Envisioning urban futures as conversations to inform design and research. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning. 2018; 171 (4):146-156.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Serena Pollastri; Nick Dunn; Chris D. F. Rogers; Christopher T. Boyko; Rachel Cooper; Nick Tyler. 2018. "Envisioning urban futures as conversations to inform design and research." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning 171, no. 4: 146-156.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Journal of Transport & Health
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ACS Style

Christopher Boyko; Claire Coulton; Rachel Cooper. Learning from the Victorians: Walkability Lessons for the Design of Future UK Neighbourhoods ( breakout presentation ). Journal of Transport & Health 2017, 7, S29 -S30.

AMA Style

Christopher Boyko, Claire Coulton, Rachel Cooper. Learning from the Victorians: Walkability Lessons for the Design of Future UK Neighbourhoods ( breakout presentation ). Journal of Transport & Health. 2017; 7 ():S29-S30.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher Boyko; Claire Coulton; Rachel Cooper. 2017. "Learning from the Victorians: Walkability Lessons for the Design of Future UK Neighbourhoods ( breakout presentation )." Journal of Transport & Health 7, no. : S29-S30.

Data article
Published: 13 October 2017 in Data in Brief
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This data article presents the UK City LIFE1 data set for the city of Birmingham, UK. UK City LIFE1 is a new, comprehensive and holistic method for measuring the livable sustainability performance of UK cities. The Birmingham data set comprises 346 indicators structured simultaneously (1) within a four-tier, outcome-based framework in order to aid in their interpretation (e.g., promote healthy living and healthy long lives, minimize energy use, uncouple economic vitality from CO2 emissions) and (2) thematically in order to complement government and disciplinary siloes (e.g., health, energy, economy, climate change). Birmingham data for the indicators are presented within an Excel spreadsheet with their type, units, geographic area, year, source, link to secondary data files, data collection method, data availability and any relevant calculations and notes. This paper provides a detailed description of UK city LIFE1 in order to enable comparable data sets to be produced for other UK cities. The Birmingham data set is made publically available at http://epapers.bham.ac.uk/3040/ to facilitate this and to enable further analyses. The UK City LIFE1 Birmingham data set has been used to understand what is known and what is not known about the livable sustainability performance of the city and to inform how Birmingham City Council can take action now to improve its understanding and its performance into the future (see “Improving city-scale measures of livable sustainability: A study of urban measurement and assessment through application to the city of Birmingham, UK” Leach et al. [2]).

ACS Style

Joanne M. Leach; Susan E. Lee; Christopher T. Boyko; Claire J. Coulton; Rachel Cooper; Nicholas Smith; Hélène Joffe; Milena Büchs; James D. Hale; Jonathan P. Sadler; Peter A. Braithwaite; Luke S. Blunden; Valeria De Laurentiis; Dexter V.L. Hunt; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Katie Barnes; Christopher J. Bouch; Leonidas Bourikas; Marianna Cavada; Andrew Chilvers; Stephen J. Clune; Brian Collins; Ellie Cosgrave; Nick Dunn; Jane Falkingham; Patrick James; Corina Kwami; Martin Locret-Collet; Francesca Medda; Adriana Ortegon; Serena Pollastri; Cosmin Popan; Katerina Psarikidou; Nick Tyler; John Urry; Yue Wu; Victoria Zeeb; Chris D.F. Rogers. Dataset of the livability performance of the city of Birmingham, UK, as measured by its citizen wellbeing, resource security, resource efficiency and carbon emissions. Data in Brief 2017, 15, 691 -695.

AMA Style

Joanne M. Leach, Susan E. Lee, Christopher T. Boyko, Claire J. Coulton, Rachel Cooper, Nicholas Smith, Hélène Joffe, Milena Büchs, James D. Hale, Jonathan P. Sadler, Peter A. Braithwaite, Luke S. Blunden, Valeria De Laurentiis, Dexter V.L. Hunt, AbuBakr S. Bahaj, Katie Barnes, Christopher J. Bouch, Leonidas Bourikas, Marianna Cavada, Andrew Chilvers, Stephen J. Clune, Brian Collins, Ellie Cosgrave, Nick Dunn, Jane Falkingham, Patrick James, Corina Kwami, Martin Locret-Collet, Francesca Medda, Adriana Ortegon, Serena Pollastri, Cosmin Popan, Katerina Psarikidou, Nick Tyler, John Urry, Yue Wu, Victoria Zeeb, Chris D.F. Rogers. Dataset of the livability performance of the city of Birmingham, UK, as measured by its citizen wellbeing, resource security, resource efficiency and carbon emissions. Data in Brief. 2017; 15 ():691-695.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanne M. Leach; Susan E. Lee; Christopher T. Boyko; Claire J. Coulton; Rachel Cooper; Nicholas Smith; Hélène Joffe; Milena Büchs; James D. Hale; Jonathan P. Sadler; Peter A. Braithwaite; Luke S. Blunden; Valeria De Laurentiis; Dexter V.L. Hunt; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Katie Barnes; Christopher J. Bouch; Leonidas Bourikas; Marianna Cavada; Andrew Chilvers; Stephen J. Clune; Brian Collins; Ellie Cosgrave; Nick Dunn; Jane Falkingham; Patrick James; Corina Kwami; Martin Locret-Collet; Francesca Medda; Adriana Ortegon; Serena Pollastri; Cosmin Popan; Katerina Psarikidou; Nick Tyler; John Urry; Yue Wu; Victoria Zeeb; Chris D.F. Rogers. 2017. "Dataset of the livability performance of the city of Birmingham, UK, as measured by its citizen wellbeing, resource security, resource efficiency and carbon emissions." Data in Brief 15, no. : 691-695.

Journal article
Published: 28 July 2017 in The Design Journal
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Design (and design research) have a rich history of developing ways of making possible futures visible and tangible through prototypes, models, scenarios, or visualisations. Less common are platforms that gather multiple perspectives in the same space about possible futures. Thinking about diverse, rather than alternative, futures is particularly relevant in the context of cities. This paper suggests an alternative way of developing future visions for cities, moving away from coherent narratives to more pluralistic composites. Using the Liveable Cities project as a mechanism for exploration, it reflects on how participatory design methods and information visualisation techniques can engage participants in developing visions of urban futures. The paper will describe the details of the approach. It will present a summary of the findings as well as a discussion on the methods, which will include challenges and shortcomings

ACS Style

Serena Pollastri; Christopher Thomas Boyko; Rachel Cooper; Nick Dunn; Stephen John Clune; Claire Julie Coulton. Envisioning urban futures: from narratives to composites. The Design Journal 2017, 20, S4365 -S4377.

AMA Style

Serena Pollastri, Christopher Thomas Boyko, Rachel Cooper, Nick Dunn, Stephen John Clune, Claire Julie Coulton. Envisioning urban futures: from narratives to composites. The Design Journal. 2017; 20 (sup1):S4365-S4377.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Serena Pollastri; Christopher Thomas Boyko; Rachel Cooper; Nick Dunn; Stephen John Clune; Claire Julie Coulton. 2017. "Envisioning urban futures: from narratives to composites." The Design Journal 20, no. sup1: S4365-S4377.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2017 in Sustainability
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Recently, much of the literature on sharing in cities has focused on the sharing economy, in which people use online platforms to share underutilized assets in the marketplace. This view of sharing is too narrow for cities, as it neglects the myriad of ways, reasons, and scales in which citizens share in urban environments. Research presented here by the Liveable Cities team in the form of participant workshops in Lancaster and Birmingham, UK, suggests that a broader approach to understanding sharing in cities is essential. The research also highlighted tools and methods that may be used to help to identify sharing in communities. The paper ends with advice to city stakeholders, such as policymakers, urban planners, and urban designers, who are considering how to enhance sustainability in cities through sharing.

ACS Style

Christopher T. Boyko; Stephen J. Clune; Rachel F. D. Cooper; Claire J. Coulton; Nick S. Dunn; Serena Pollastri; Joanne M. Leach; Christopher J. Bouch; Mariana Cavada; Valeria De Laurentiis; Mike Goodfellow-Smith; James D. Hale; Dan K. G. Hunt; Susan E. Lee; Martin Locret-Collet; Jon P. Sadler; Jonathan Ward; Christopher D. F. Rogers; Cosmin Popan; Katerina Psarikidou; John Urry; Luke S. Blunden; Leonidas Bourikas; Milena Büchs; Jane Falkingham; Mikey Harper; Patrick A. B. James; Mamusu Kamanda; Tatiana Sanches; Philip Turner; Phil Y. Wu; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Adriana Ortegon; Katie Barnes; Ellie Cosgrave; Paul Honeybone; Helene Joffe; Corina Kwami; Victoria Zeeb; Brian Collins; Nick Tyler. How Sharing Can Contribute to More Sustainable Cities. Sustainability 2017, 9, 701 .

AMA Style

Christopher T. Boyko, Stephen J. Clune, Rachel F. D. Cooper, Claire J. Coulton, Nick S. Dunn, Serena Pollastri, Joanne M. Leach, Christopher J. Bouch, Mariana Cavada, Valeria De Laurentiis, Mike Goodfellow-Smith, James D. Hale, Dan K. G. Hunt, Susan E. Lee, Martin Locret-Collet, Jon P. Sadler, Jonathan Ward, Christopher D. F. Rogers, Cosmin Popan, Katerina Psarikidou, John Urry, Luke S. Blunden, Leonidas Bourikas, Milena Büchs, Jane Falkingham, Mikey Harper, Patrick A. B. James, Mamusu Kamanda, Tatiana Sanches, Philip Turner, Phil Y. Wu, AbuBakr S. Bahaj, Adriana Ortegon, Katie Barnes, Ellie Cosgrave, Paul Honeybone, Helene Joffe, Corina Kwami, Victoria Zeeb, Brian Collins, Nick Tyler. How Sharing Can Contribute to More Sustainable Cities. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (5):701.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher T. Boyko; Stephen J. Clune; Rachel F. D. Cooper; Claire J. Coulton; Nick S. Dunn; Serena Pollastri; Joanne M. Leach; Christopher J. Bouch; Mariana Cavada; Valeria De Laurentiis; Mike Goodfellow-Smith; James D. Hale; Dan K. G. Hunt; Susan E. Lee; Martin Locret-Collet; Jon P. Sadler; Jonathan Ward; Christopher D. F. Rogers; Cosmin Popan; Katerina Psarikidou; John Urry; Luke S. Blunden; Leonidas Bourikas; Milena Büchs; Jane Falkingham; Mikey Harper; Patrick A. B. James; Mamusu Kamanda; Tatiana Sanches; Philip Turner; Phil Y. Wu; AbuBakr S. Bahaj; Adriana Ortegon; Katie Barnes; Ellie Cosgrave; Paul Honeybone; Helene Joffe; Corina Kwami; Victoria Zeeb; Brian Collins; Nick Tyler. 2017. "How Sharing Can Contribute to More Sustainable Cities." Sustainability 9, no. 5: 701.

Proceedings article
Published: 25 June 2016 in DRS2016: Future-Focused Thinking
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ACS Style

Serena Pollastri; Lancaster University; Rachel Cooper; Nick Dunn; Chris Boyko. Visual conversations on urban futures. Participatory methods to design scenarios of liveable cities. DRS2016: Future-Focused Thinking 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Serena Pollastri, Lancaster University, Rachel Cooper, Nick Dunn, Chris Boyko. Visual conversations on urban futures. Participatory methods to design scenarios of liveable cities. DRS2016: Future-Focused Thinking. 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Serena Pollastri; Lancaster University; Rachel Cooper; Nick Dunn; Chris Boyko. 2016. "Visual conversations on urban futures. Participatory methods to design scenarios of liveable cities." DRS2016: Future-Focused Thinking , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 August 2015 in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning
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ACS Style

Christopher Thomas Boyko; Rachel Cooper; Cary Cooper. Measures to assess well-being in low-carbon-dioxide cities. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning 2015, 168, 185 -195.

AMA Style

Christopher Thomas Boyko, Rachel Cooper, Cary Cooper. Measures to assess well-being in low-carbon-dioxide cities. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning. 2015; 168 (4):185-195.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher Thomas Boyko; Rachel Cooper; Cary Cooper. 2015. "Measures to assess well-being in low-carbon-dioxide cities." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning 168, no. 4: 185-195.

Journal article
Published: 17 April 2015 in Sustainability
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Tree planting is widely advocated and applied in urban areas, with large-scale projects underway in cities globally. Numerous potential benefits are used to justify these planting campaigns. However, reports of poor tree survival raise questions about the ability of such projects to deliver on their promises over the long-term. Each potential benefit requires different supporting conditions—relating not only to the type and placement of the tree, but also to the broader urban system within which it is embedded. This set of supporting conditions may not always be mutually compatible and may not persist for the lifetime of the tree. Here, we demonstrate a systems-based approach that makes these dependencies, synergies, and tensions more explicit, allowing them to be used to test the decadal-scale resilience of urban street trees. Our analysis highlights social, environmental, and economic assumptions that are implicit within planting projects; notably that high levels of maintenance and public support for urban street trees will persist throughout their natural lifespan, and that the surrounding built form will remain largely unchanged. Whilst the vulnerability of each benefit may be highly context specific, we identify approaches that address some typical weaknesses, making a functional, resilient, urban forest more attainable.

ACS Style

James D. Hale; Thomas A. M. Pugh; Jon P. Sadler; Christopher T. Boyko; Julie Brown; Silvio Caputo; Maria Caserio; Richard Coles; Raziyeh Farmani; Chantal Hales; Russell Horsey; Dexter V. L. Hunt; Joanne M. Leach; Christopher D. F. Rogers; A. Rob MacKenzie. Delivering a Multi-Functional and Resilient Urban Forest. Sustainability 2015, 7, 4600 -4624.

AMA Style

James D. Hale, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Jon P. Sadler, Christopher T. Boyko, Julie Brown, Silvio Caputo, Maria Caserio, Richard Coles, Raziyeh Farmani, Chantal Hales, Russell Horsey, Dexter V. L. Hunt, Joanne M. Leach, Christopher D. F. Rogers, A. Rob MacKenzie. Delivering a Multi-Functional and Resilient Urban Forest. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (4):4600-4624.

Chicago/Turabian Style

James D. Hale; Thomas A. M. Pugh; Jon P. Sadler; Christopher T. Boyko; Julie Brown; Silvio Caputo; Maria Caserio; Richard Coles; Raziyeh Farmani; Chantal Hales; Russell Horsey; Dexter V. L. Hunt; Joanne M. Leach; Christopher D. F. Rogers; A. Rob MacKenzie. 2015. "Delivering a Multi-Functional and Resilient Urban Forest." Sustainability 7, no. 4: 4600-4624.

Conference paper
Published: 01 February 2015 in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning
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Planners, architects, urban designers and other built environment professionals engage with a myriad of checkboxes, guidelines, requirements and specifications, all of which potentially compromise creativity and innovation in urban design. Approaches that measure performance are accused of belying the nature of places as messy, plural, organic, accidental and emotive; trying to find a formula that works may tick boxes, but it risks creating soulless spaces, oppressing innovation and incorporation of inappropriate design elements. This paper argues that sustainability assessment methods do have something to contribute to creativity and innovation in urban design precisely because they encourage engagement with challenging and often complex societal priorities. Through interviews with built environment professionals and a critical examination of sustainability assessment methods, the authors suggest that such methods can promote creativity and innovation if they engage competently with sustainability, work at a scale that allows for both breadth and depth (typically greater than the building scale) and incorporate in their design a set of eight key characteristics designed to promote creativity and innovation.

ACS Style

Joanne M. Leach; Christopher Thomas Boyko; Rachel Cooper; Anna Woodeson; Jim Eyre; Christopher Rogers. Do sustainability measures constrain urban design creativity? Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning 2015, 168, 30 -41.

AMA Style

Joanne M. Leach, Christopher Thomas Boyko, Rachel Cooper, Anna Woodeson, Jim Eyre, Christopher Rogers. Do sustainability measures constrain urban design creativity? Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning. 2015; 168 (1):30-41.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joanne M. Leach; Christopher Thomas Boyko; Rachel Cooper; Anna Woodeson; Jim Eyre; Christopher Rogers. 2015. "Do sustainability measures constrain urban design creativity?" Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Urban Design and Planning 168, no. 1: 30-41.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2014 in Journal of Geography in Higher Education
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To contribute effectively to academic discourse on urban sustainability, disciplines need to think outside their silos and work together more collaboratively. Although straightforward to posit in theory, the practical realities of bringing together people with different worldviews, languages and skills can be frustrating and lead to loss of motivation. This paper presents the findings from a qualitative study of interdisciplinary team working on an urban sustainability project. Through analysis of archival materials, observations and interviews, a major theme of motivation was uncovered and explored. We conclude with some suggestions for working more effectively interdisciplinary, urban sustainability projects.

ACS Style

Christopher Thomas Boyko; A. Robert MacKenzie; Holly Leung. In spite of ourownbest interests: lessons from an interdisciplinary project on urban sustainability. Journal of Geography in Higher Education 2014, 39, 206 -219.

AMA Style

Christopher Thomas Boyko, A. Robert MacKenzie, Holly Leung. In spite of ourownbest interests: lessons from an interdisciplinary project on urban sustainability. Journal of Geography in Higher Education. 2014; 39 (2):206-219.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher Thomas Boyko; A. Robert MacKenzie; Holly Leung. 2014. "In spite of ourownbest interests: lessons from an interdisciplinary project on urban sustainability." Journal of Geography in Higher Education 39, no. 2: 206-219.

Reference entry
Published: 11 February 2014 in Wellbeing
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ACS Style

Christopher Thomas Boyko; Rachel Cooper. Density and Mental Wellbeing. Wellbeing 2014, 1 -22.

AMA Style

Christopher Thomas Boyko, Rachel Cooper. Density and Mental Wellbeing. Wellbeing. 2014; ():1-22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher Thomas Boyko; Rachel Cooper. 2014. "Density and Mental Wellbeing." Wellbeing , no. : 1-22.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2014 in Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research
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Place attachment; Place identity; Place meaning

ACS Style

Christopher Boyko. Sense of Place. Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research 2014, 5839 -5841.

AMA Style

Christopher Boyko. Sense of Place. Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. 2014; ():5839-5841.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher Boyko. 2014. "Sense of Place." Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research , no. : 5839-5841.

Journal article
Published: 23 October 2013 in Sustainability
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In many countries, policymakers have used urban densification strategies in an effort to create more sustainable cities. However, spatial density as a concept remains unclear and complex. Little information exists about how density is considered by decision makers, including the different kinds of density and the wider political and economic context in which decisions are made: who makes density decisions, when they make those decisions and what they use to make decisions. To that end, the authors created an online survey to investigate the above issues. One hundred and twenty-nine respondents from the fields of architecture, planning, urban design and engineering answered a 26-item survey over a 3-month period. Findings suggest that decision makers consider more than just population and dwelling density and that city design, planning and policy need to address these other kinds of density. Moreover, the professions making many of the density decisions are not, necessarily, the ones that should be making the decisions; nor are they making decisions early enough. Policymakers also need to be more cognisant of the multi-scalar dimensions of density when creating policy. Finally, more needs to be done in universities to ensure that built environment students receive a broader skillset, particularly in terms of engaging with communities.

ACS Style

Christopher T. Boyko; Rachel Cooper. Density and Decision-Making: Findings from an Online Survey. Sustainability 2013, 5, 4502 -4522.

AMA Style

Christopher T. Boyko, Rachel Cooper. Density and Decision-Making: Findings from an Online Survey. Sustainability. 2013; 5 (10):4502-4522.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher T. Boyko; Rachel Cooper. 2013. "Density and Decision-Making: Findings from an Online Survey." Sustainability 5, no. 10: 4502-4522.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2013 in The Handbook of Design for Sustainability
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ACS Style

Rachel Cooper; Christopher Thomas Boyko; Stuart Walker; Jacques Giard. Sustainable Urban Futures. The Handbook of Design for Sustainability 2013, 1 .

AMA Style

Rachel Cooper, Christopher Thomas Boyko, Stuart Walker, Jacques Giard. Sustainable Urban Futures. The Handbook of Design for Sustainability. 2013; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rachel Cooper; Christopher Thomas Boyko; Stuart Walker; Jacques Giard. 2013. "Sustainable Urban Futures." The Handbook of Design for Sustainability , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 20 April 2012 in Sustainability
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Future scenarios provide challenging, plausible and relevant stories about how the future could unfold. Urban Futures (UF) research has identified a substantial set (>450) of seemingly disparate scenarios published over the period 1997–2011 and within this research, a sub-set of >160 scenarios has been identified (and categorized) based on their narratives according to the structure first proposed by the Global Scenario Group (GSG) in 1997; three world types (Business as Usual, Barbarization, and Great Transitions) and six scenarios, two for each world type (Policy Reform—PR, Market Forces—MF, Breakdown—B, Fortress World—FW, Eco-Communalism—EC and New Sustainability Paradigm—NSP). It is suggested that four of these scenario archetypes (MF, PR, NSP and FW) are sufficiently distinct to facilitate active stakeholder engagement in futures thinking. Moreover they are accompanied by a well-established, internally consistent set of narratives that provide a deeper understanding of the key fundamental drivers (e.g., STEEP—Social, Technological, Economic, Environmental and Political) that could bring about realistic world changes through a push or a pull effect. This is testament to the original concept of the GSG scenarios and their development and refinement over a 16 year period.

ACS Style

Dexter V. L. Hunt; D. Rachel Lombardi; Stuart Atkinson; Austin R. G. Barber; Matthew Barnes; Christopher T. Boyko; Julie Brown; John Bryson; David Butler; Silvio Caputo; Maria Caserio; Richard Coles; Rachel F. D. Cooper; Raziyeh Farmani; Mark Gaterell; James Hale; Chantal Hales; C. Nicholas Hewitt; Lubo Jankovic; I. Jefferson; J. Leach; A. Rob MacKenzie; Fayyaz Ali Memon; Jon P. Sadler; Carina Weingaertner; J. Duncan Whyatt; Christopher D. F. Rogers. Scenario Archetypes: Converging Rather than Diverging Themes. Sustainability 2012, 4, 740 -772.

AMA Style

Dexter V. L. Hunt, D. Rachel Lombardi, Stuart Atkinson, Austin R. G. Barber, Matthew Barnes, Christopher T. Boyko, Julie Brown, John Bryson, David Butler, Silvio Caputo, Maria Caserio, Richard Coles, Rachel F. D. Cooper, Raziyeh Farmani, Mark Gaterell, James Hale, Chantal Hales, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Lubo Jankovic, I. Jefferson, J. Leach, A. Rob MacKenzie, Fayyaz Ali Memon, Jon P. Sadler, Carina Weingaertner, J. Duncan Whyatt, Christopher D. F. Rogers. Scenario Archetypes: Converging Rather than Diverging Themes. Sustainability. 2012; 4 (4):740-772.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dexter V. L. Hunt; D. Rachel Lombardi; Stuart Atkinson; Austin R. G. Barber; Matthew Barnes; Christopher T. Boyko; Julie Brown; John Bryson; David Butler; Silvio Caputo; Maria Caserio; Richard Coles; Rachel F. D. Cooper; Raziyeh Farmani; Mark Gaterell; James Hale; Chantal Hales; C. Nicholas Hewitt; Lubo Jankovic; I. Jefferson; J. Leach; A. Rob MacKenzie; Fayyaz Ali Memon; Jon P. Sadler; Carina Weingaertner; J. Duncan Whyatt; Christopher D. F. Rogers. 2012. "Scenario Archetypes: Converging Rather than Diverging Themes." Sustainability 4, no. 4: 740-772.

Conference paper
Published: 01 March 2012 in Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability
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Dwelling density is a tool used to predict, describe and control land use. Through policy guidance, targets are created that promote efficient use of land, reduce the operation of private transportation and increase mixed use. However, decision makers often are unsure how these targets translate into practice at the site scale and how sustainability is impacted. This paper examines one such site in Lancaster, in the northwest of the UK – Luneside East. Local authority policy on dwelling density, both at the site and local scale, is outlined. A sustainability solution (i.e. an action taken today in the name of sustainability) and intended benefit are taken from the policy (i.e. high dwelling density to improve efficiency of land use) and analysed using a futures methodology to understand whether the solution is resilient to whatever the future holds. The analysis is discussed alongside other sustainability issues and solutions

ACS Style

Christopher Thomas Boyko; Rachel Cooper. High dwelling density as sustainability solution in Lancaster. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability 2012, 165, 81 -88.

AMA Style

Christopher Thomas Boyko, Rachel Cooper. High dwelling density as sustainability solution in Lancaster. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability. 2012; 165 (1):81-88.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher Thomas Boyko; Rachel Cooper. 2012. "High dwelling density as sustainability solution in Lancaster." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Engineering Sustainability 165, no. 1: 81-88.