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Prof. Dr. José Ignacio Redondo
Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115, Valencia. Spain

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0 Analgesia
0 Mortality
0 Anaesthesia
0 veterinary anaesthesia
0 Epidemiological and statistical methods

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Profile ImageCarme Soler Hospital Veterinario UCV, De...
Profile ImageDonna M. White Department of Anaesthesia, U...
Profile ImageSergi Segarra Bioiberica SAU
Profile ImageClaudio Iván Serra CEU Cardenal Herrera Univers...
Profile ImagePolly Taylor Taylor Monroe
Profile ImageR.J. Gómez-Villamandos Anaesthesia Unit, Department...
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Journal article
Published: 30 August 2021 in Animals
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It is almost 20 years since the largest observational, multicentre study evaluating the risks of mortality associated with general anaesthesia in horses. We proposed an internet-based method to collect data (cleaned and analysed with R) in a multicentre, cohort, observational, analytical, longitudinal and prospective study to evaluate peri-operative equine mortality. The objective was to report the usefulness of the method, illustrated with the preliminary data, including outcomes for horses seven days after undergoing general anaesthesia and certain procedures using standing sedation. Within six months, data from 6701 procedures under general anaesthesia and 1955 standing sedations from 69 centres were collected. The results showed (i) the utility of the method; also, that (ii) the overall mortality rate for general anaesthesia within the seven-day outcome period was 1.0%. In horses undergoing procedures other than exploratory laparotomy for colic (“noncolics”), the rate was lower, 0.6%, and in “colics” it was higher, at 3.4%. For standing sedations, the overall mortality rate was 0.2%. Finally, (iii) we present some descriptive data that demonstrate new developments since the previous CEPEF2. In conclusion, horses clearly still die unexpectedly when undergoing procedures under general anaesthesia or standing sedation. Our method is suitable for case collection for future studies.

ACS Style

Miguel Gozalo-Marcilla; Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger; Mark Johnston; Polly M. Taylor; Jose I. Redondo. Data Collection for the Fourth Multicentre Confidential Enquiry of Perioperative Fatalities (CEPEF4) Study: New Technology and Preliminary Results. Animals 2021, 11, 2549 .

AMA Style

Miguel Gozalo-Marcilla, Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger, Mark Johnston, Polly M. Taylor, Jose I. Redondo. Data Collection for the Fourth Multicentre Confidential Enquiry of Perioperative Fatalities (CEPEF4) Study: New Technology and Preliminary Results. Animals. 2021; 11 (9):2549.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miguel Gozalo-Marcilla; Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger; Mark Johnston; Polly M. Taylor; Jose I. Redondo. 2021. "Data Collection for the Fourth Multicentre Confidential Enquiry of Perioperative Fatalities (CEPEF4) Study: New Technology and Preliminary Results." Animals 11, no. 9: 2549.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2021 in Animals
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Hyaluronic acid (HA) intraarticular injection is used in the management of osteoarthritis in veterinary medicine. However, HA oral administration is less common given the scarce currently available scientific evidence. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of oral HA administration on synovial fluid concentrations of several selected biomarkers in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) injury operated on using the tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) technique. Fifty-five dogs were included in this prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical study; they were randomly assigned to receive either a placebo (group A; n = 25) or HA (group B; n = 30) orally for 10 weeks. Synovial fluid samples were obtained before surgery, and at 10 weeks postoperatively to measure concentrations of HA, haptoglobin, nitric oxide, and paraoxonase-1. After 10 weeks, group HA showed a significant increase in HA concentration (p = 0.0016) and a significant decrease in PON-1 concentration (p = 0.011) compared to baseline. In conclusion, post-op oral HA administration in canine patients with CCL injury leads to improvements in osteoarthritis biomarkers, namely higher synovial fluid HA concentrations and reduced synovial fluid paraoxonase-1 concentrations. These findings support the bioavailability of orally-administered HA and its usefulness in improving biomarkers of osteoarthritis.

ACS Style

Claudio Serra Aguado; Juan Ramos-Plá; Carme Soler; Sergi Segarra; Víctor Moratalla; José Redondo. Effects of Oral Hyaluronic Acid Administration in Dogs Following Tibial Tuberosity Advancement Surgery for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Injury. Animals 2021, 11, 1264 .

AMA Style

Claudio Serra Aguado, Juan Ramos-Plá, Carme Soler, Sergi Segarra, Víctor Moratalla, José Redondo. Effects of Oral Hyaluronic Acid Administration in Dogs Following Tibial Tuberosity Advancement Surgery for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Injury. Animals. 2021; 11 (5):1264.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudio Serra Aguado; Juan Ramos-Plá; Carme Soler; Sergi Segarra; Víctor Moratalla; José Redondo. 2021. "Effects of Oral Hyaluronic Acid Administration in Dogs Following Tibial Tuberosity Advancement Surgery for Cranial Cruciate Ligament Injury." Animals 11, no. 5: 1264.

Journal article
Published: 31 August 2020 in Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
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ACS Style

E.Z. Hernández; José Ignacio Redondo; A.J. Gutiérrez-Bautista; Jaime Viscasillas. A modified retrobulbar block for microphthalmia using ultrasound guidance in a cat. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2020, 47, 846 -847.

AMA Style

E.Z. Hernández, José Ignacio Redondo, A.J. Gutiérrez-Bautista, Jaime Viscasillas. A modified retrobulbar block for microphthalmia using ultrasound guidance in a cat. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 2020; 47 (6):846-847.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E.Z. Hernández; José Ignacio Redondo; A.J. Gutiérrez-Bautista; Jaime Viscasillas. 2020. "A modified retrobulbar block for microphthalmia using ultrasound guidance in a cat." Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 47, no. 6: 846-847.

Correspondence
Published: 30 August 2020 in Equine Veterinary Journal
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ACS Style

Miguel Gozalo‐Marcilla; Jose I. Redondo; Mark Johnston; Polly Taylor; Regula Bettschart‐Wolfensberger. A new equine anaesthetic mortality study two decades after CEPEF2: CEPEF4 is going live! Equine Veterinary Journal 2020, 52, 891 -892.

AMA Style

Miguel Gozalo‐Marcilla, Jose I. Redondo, Mark Johnston, Polly Taylor, Regula Bettschart‐Wolfensberger. A new equine anaesthetic mortality study two decades after CEPEF2: CEPEF4 is going live! Equine Veterinary Journal. 2020; 52 (6):891-892.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miguel Gozalo‐Marcilla; Jose I. Redondo; Mark Johnston; Polly Taylor; Regula Bettschart‐Wolfensberger. 2020. "A new equine anaesthetic mortality study two decades after CEPEF2: CEPEF4 is going live!" Equine Veterinary Journal 52, no. 6: 891-892.

Research article
Published: 01 April 2020 in PLOS ONE
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The aim of the study was to develop a multifactorial tool for assessment of sedation in dogs. Following a modified Delphi method, thirty-eight veterinary anaesthetists were contacted to describe the following levels of awareness: no-sedation, light, moderate, profound sedation and excitation. The answers were summarized in descriptors for each level. A questionnaire was created with all the variables obtained from the descriptors. The questionnaire was returned to the panel of anaesthetists to be used before and after real sedations in conjunction with the previous 5-point categorical scale. Data obtained were analysed using the classification-tree and random-forest methods. Twenty-three anaesthetists (60%) replied with descriptions. The descriptors and study variables were grouped in categories: state-of-mind, posture, movements, stimuli-response, behaviour, response-to-restraint, muscle tone, physiological data, facial-expression, eye position, eyelids, pupils, vocalization and feasibility-to-perform-intended-procedure. The anaesthetists returned 205 completed questionnaires. The levels of awareness reported by the anaesthetists were: no sedation in 92, mild (26), moderate (37) and profound in 50 cases. The classification-tree detected 6 main classifying variables: change in posture, response-to-restraint, head-elevation, response-to-toe-pinching, response-to-name, and movements. The random-forest found that the following variables: change in posture, response-to-restraint, head-elevation, response-to-name, movements, posture, response-to-toe-pinching, demeanour, righting-reflex and response-to-handclap, were classified correctly in 100% awake, 62% mild, 70% moderate and 86% of profound sedation cases. The questionnaire and methods developed here classified correctly the level of sedation in most cases. Further studies are needed to evaluate the validity of this tool in the clinical and research setting.

ACS Style

Fernando Martinez-Taboada; Jose Ignacio Redondo. The SIESTA (SEAAV Integrated evaluation sedation tool for anaesthesia) project: Initial development of a multifactorial sedation assessment tool for dogs. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0230799 .

AMA Style

Fernando Martinez-Taboada, Jose Ignacio Redondo. The SIESTA (SEAAV Integrated evaluation sedation tool for anaesthesia) project: Initial development of a multifactorial sedation assessment tool for dogs. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (4):e0230799.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Martinez-Taboada; Jose Ignacio Redondo. 2020. "The SIESTA (SEAAV Integrated evaluation sedation tool for anaesthesia) project: Initial development of a multifactorial sedation assessment tool for dogs." PLOS ONE 15, no. 4: e0230799.

Comparative study
Published: 01 March 2017 in Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
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To compare the running-drip and hanging-drop techniques for locating the epidural space in dogs. Prospective, randomized, clinical trial. Forty-five healthy dogs requiring epidural anaesthesia. Dogs were randomized into four groups and administered epidural anaesthesia in sternal (S) or lateral (L) recumbency. All blocks were performed by the same person using Tuohy needles with either a fluid-prefilled hub (HDo) or connected to a drip set attached to a fluid bag elevated 60 cm (RDi). The number of attempts, 'pop' sensation, clear drop aspiration or fluid dripping, time to locate the epidural space (TTLES) and presence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were recorded. A morphine-bupivacaine combination was injected after positive identification. The success of the block was assessed by experienced observers based on perioperative usage of rescue analgesia. Data were checked for normality. Binomial variables were analysed with the chi-squared or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Non-parametric data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Normal data were studied with an anova followed by a Tukey's means comparison for groups of the same size. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Lateral recumbency HDo required more attempts (six of 11 dogs required more than one attempt) than SRDi (none of 11 dogs) (p = 0.0062). Drop aspiration was observed more often in SHDo (nine of 11 dogs) than in LHDo (two of 11 dogs) (p = 0.045). Mean (range) TTLES was longer in LHDo [47 (18-82) seconds] than in SHDo [20 (14-79) seconds] (p = 0.006) and SRDi [(34 (17-53) seconds] (p = 0.038). There were no differences in 'pop' sensation, presence of CSF, rescue analgesia or pain scores between the groups. The running-drip method is a useful and fast alternative technique for identifying the epidural space in dogs. The hanging-drop technique in lateral recumbency was more difficult to perform than the other methods, requiring more time and attempts.

ACS Style

Fernando Martinez-Taboada; José Ignacio Redondo. Comparison of the hanging-drop technique and running-drip method for identifying the epidural space in dogs. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2017, 44, 329 -336.

AMA Style

Fernando Martinez-Taboada, José Ignacio Redondo. Comparison of the hanging-drop technique and running-drip method for identifying the epidural space in dogs. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 2017; 44 (2):329-336.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Martinez-Taboada; José Ignacio Redondo. 2017. "Comparison of the hanging-drop technique and running-drip method for identifying the epidural space in dogs." Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 44, no. 2: 329-336.

Journal article
Published: 23 February 2017 in Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
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The effect of user experience and inflation technique on endotracheal tube cuff pressure using a feline airway simulator. Prospective, experimental clinical study. Participants included veterinary students at the beginning (group S1) and end (group S2) of their 2-week anaesthesia rotation and veterinary anaesthetists (group A). The feline airway simulator was designed to simulate an average size feline trachea, intubated with a 4.5 mm low-pressure, high-volume cuffed endotracheal tube, connected to a Bain breathing system with oxygen flow of 2 L minute−1. Participants inflated the on-endotracheal tube cuff by pilot balloon palpation and by instilling the minimum occlusive volume (MOV) required for loss of airway leaks during manual ventilation. Intracuff pressures were measured by manometers obscured to participants and ideally were 20–30 cm H2O. Student t, Fisher exact, and Chi-squared tests were used where appropriate to analyse data (p < 0.05). Participants were 12 students and eight anaesthetists. Measured intracuff pressures for palpation and MOV, respectively, were 19 ± 12 and 29 ± 19 cm H2O for group S1, 10 ± 5 and 20 ± 11 cm H2O for group S2 and 13 ± 6 and 29 ± 18 cm H2O for group A. All groups performed poorly at achieving intracuff pressures within the ideal range. There was no significant difference in intracuff pressures between techniques. Students administered lower (p = 0.02) intracuff pressures using palpation after their training. When using palpation and MOV for cuff inflation operators rarely achieved optimal intracuff pressures. Experience had no effect on this skill and, as such, a cuff manometer is recommended.

ACS Style

Donna M. White; José I. Redondo; Alastair R. Mair; Fernando Martinez-Taboada. The effect of user experience and inflation technique on endotracheal tube cuff pressure using a feline airway simulator. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2017, 44, 1076 -1084.

AMA Style

Donna M. White, José I. Redondo, Alastair R. Mair, Fernando Martinez-Taboada. The effect of user experience and inflation technique on endotracheal tube cuff pressure using a feline airway simulator. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 2017; 44 (5):1076-1084.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donna M. White; José I. Redondo; Alastair R. Mair; Fernando Martinez-Taboada. 2017. "The effect of user experience and inflation technique on endotracheal tube cuff pressure using a feline airway simulator." Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 44, no. 5: 1076-1084.

Case reports
Published: 06 November 2014 in Journal of Small Animal Practice
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A nine‐year‐old English bulldog presented with an acute history of dyspnoea, tachycardia and discomfort localising to the ventral thorax following a fall down the stairs that morning. After the dog was stabilised, thoracic radiographs revealed a luxation of the third and fourth sternebrae with dorsal displacement of the caudal segment. The sternum was reduced and stabilised with a contoured 12‐hole 3 · 5‐mm dynamic compression plate applied to the ventral surface of the sternum. The dog's initial recovery was rapid, cardiorespiratory parameters returning to normal in the first 24 hours. For 2 weeks postoperatively the dog exhibited difficulty in rising from a prone position. After this time there was a full recovery. Clinical examination at 8 months postoperatively did not reveal any abnormalities. Telephone follow‐up was performed at 18 months and no complications or cardiorespiratory compromise were reported. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of a traumatic dislocation of the sternum and its management in the dog.

ACS Style

C. I. Serra; C. Soler; V. Moratalla; V. Sifre; José Ignacio Redondo. Surgical management of a traumatic dislocation of the sternum in an English bulldog. Journal of Small Animal Practice 2014, 56, 407 -410.

AMA Style

C. I. Serra, C. Soler, V. Moratalla, V. Sifre, José Ignacio Redondo. Surgical management of a traumatic dislocation of the sternum in an English bulldog. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 2014; 56 (6):407-410.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. I. Serra; C. Soler; V. Moratalla; V. Sifre; José Ignacio Redondo. 2014. "Surgical management of a traumatic dislocation of the sternum in an English bulldog." Journal of Small Animal Practice 56, no. 6: 407-410.

Journal article
Published: 06 December 2013 in Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
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Unfortunately in the original article, one of the co-authors’ family name Carillo was misspelt. The correct family name should be Carrillo.

ACS Style

Claudio Iván Serra; Carme Soler; Jose M. Carrillo; Joaquin J. Sopena; José Ignacio Redondo; Ramón Cugat. Erratum to: Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on the repair of full-thickness articular defects in rabbits. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 2013, 22, 1710 -1710.

AMA Style

Claudio Iván Serra, Carme Soler, Jose M. Carrillo, Joaquin J. Sopena, José Ignacio Redondo, Ramón Cugat. Erratum to: Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on the repair of full-thickness articular defects in rabbits. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2013; 22 (7):1710-1710.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudio Iván Serra; Carme Soler; Jose M. Carrillo; Joaquin J. Sopena; José Ignacio Redondo; Ramón Cugat. 2013. "Erratum to: Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on the repair of full-thickness articular defects in rabbits." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 22, no. 7: 1710-1710.

Multicenter study
Published: 01 November 2013 in Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
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To study current perianaesthetic mortality in dogs in Spain and to identify the main risk factors predisposing to perianaesthetic mortality in our country. A multicentre prospective cohort study. Dogs anaesthetised for different surgical and diagnostic procedures at 39 Spanish veterinary clinics between February 2007 and March 2008. Data of patients, procedures and anaesthetic management were recorded. Anaesthetic death was defined as perioperative death within 24 hours of the procedure end. A multivariate study evaluated perinanaesthetic death using logistic binary regression models with the Wald technique. 2012 animals were included in the analyses. Twenty-six dogs died. The global mortality rate was 1.29% (95% Confidence interval (95% CI): 0.88-1.89%). ASA I-II was 0.33% (95 CI: 0.14-0.78%); ASA III-V was 4.06% (95% CI: 2.67-6.13%). Most deaths occurred during the post-operative period (20 dogs, 77%). The multivariate analysis revealed that high ASA grade was associated with an increased risk of mortality. The use of opioids plus NSAIDs during anaesthesia was related with a decrease of the risk. Perianaesthetic mortality in dogs in Spain was 1.29% (95% CI: 0.88-1.89%). ASA grade was the main prognostic factor of likelihood of death. The use of some analgesics (opioids and NSAIDs) in the perioperative period was associated with reduced odds of death and may be protective. Evaluation and stabilisation of patients before interventions may help lower risk of death during the anaesthesia. In addition to their use for welfare purposes, analgesics may be beneficial in reducing anaesthetic-related deaths.

ACS Style

Laura Gil; José I Redondo. Canine anaesthetic death in Spain: a multicentre prospective cohort study of 2012 cases. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 2013, 40, e57 -e67.

AMA Style

Laura Gil, José I Redondo. Canine anaesthetic death in Spain: a multicentre prospective cohort study of 2012 cases. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia. 2013; 40 (6):e57-e67.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laura Gil; José I Redondo. 2013. "Canine anaesthetic death in Spain: a multicentre prospective cohort study of 2012 cases." Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia 40, no. 6: e57-e67.

Research
Published: 13 October 2012 in Veterinary Record
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The anaesthetic records of 1525 dogs were examined to determine the prevalence of postanaesthetic hypothermia, its clinical predictors and consequences. Temperature was recorded throughout the anaesthesia. At the end of the procedure, details coded in were: hyperthermia (>39.50°C), normothermia (38.50°C–39.50°C), slight (38.49°C–36.50°C), moderate (36.49°C–34.00°C) and severe hypothermia (<34.00°C). Statistical analysis consisted of multiple regression to identify the factors that are associated with the temperature at the end of the procedure. Before premedication, the temperature was 38.7 ± 0.6°C (mean ± sd). At 60, 120 and 180 minutes from induction, the temperature was 36.7 ± 1.3°C, 36.1 ± 1.4°C and 35.8 ± 1.5°C, respectively. The prevalence of hypothermia was: slight, 51.5 per cent (95 per cent CI 49.0 to 54.0 per cent); moderate, 29.3 per cent (27.1–31.7 per cent) and severe: 2.8% (2.0–3.7%). The variables that associated with a decrease in the temperature recorded at the end of the anaesthesia were: duration of the preanesthetic time, duration of the anaesthesia, physical condition (ASA III and ASA IV dogs showed lower temperatures than ASA I dogs), the reason for anaesthesia (anaesthesia for diagnostic procedures or thoracic surgery reduce the temperature when compared with minor procedures), and the recumbency during the procedure (sternal and dorsal recumbencies showed lower temperatures than lateral recumbency). The temperature before premedication and the body surface (BS) were associated with a higher temperature at the end of the anaesthesia, and would be considered as protective factors.

ACS Style

José Ignacio Redondo; P. Suesta; I. Serra; C. Soler; G. Soler; Laura Gil; Rafael Jesús Gómez Villamandos. Retrospective study of the prevalence of postanaesthetic hypothermia in dogs. Veterinary Record 2012, 171, 374 -374.

AMA Style

José Ignacio Redondo, P. Suesta, I. Serra, C. Soler, G. Soler, Laura Gil, Rafael Jesús Gómez Villamandos. Retrospective study of the prevalence of postanaesthetic hypothermia in dogs. Veterinary Record. 2012; 171 (15):374-374.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Ignacio Redondo; P. Suesta; I. Serra; C. Soler; G. Soler; Laura Gil; Rafael Jesús Gómez Villamandos. 2012. "Retrospective study of the prevalence of postanaesthetic hypothermia in dogs." Veterinary Record 171, no. 15: 374-374.

Journal article
Published: 24 August 2012 in Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
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To assess the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on the repair of full-thickness articular cartilage lesions in immature rabbits. To that end, the samples were studied using macroscopic, microscopic and biomechanical techniques. Twenty-four 11-week-old New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups based on the treatment (physiological saline serum PCB, autologous platelet-rich plasma PRP). Cartilage lesions were drilled in medial femoral condyle of these rabbits. Other 12 rabbits were under the same conditions, but they did not suffer any lesion and treatment (control group CTR). The three groups were divided into two subgroups, depending on the age at the time of killing (16 and 19 weeks old). The CTR group showed the best possible value in the macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. Meanwhile, the PCB and PRP group values were lower than the CTR group values, at two times of the study, but similar to each other at 19 weeks. In the biomechanical study, at 16 weeks, the CTR and PCB groups behaved similarly, with values above PRP group values, while at 19 weeks, CTR group showed higher values than PCB and PRP groups, and there were no differences between these values. The evolution of the tissue treated with autologous PRP showed a positive tendency over time, while the PCB group was negative. Nevertheless, at 19 weeks of age, the PRP treatment did not show better results than the PCB, both showing the characteristics of fibrocartilaginous tissue. Likewise, none of the two treatments produced a repair tissue as the healthy cartilage.

ACS Style

Claudio Iván Serra; Carme Soler; Jose M. Carillo; Joaquin J. Sopena; José Ignacio Redondo; Ramón Cugat. Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on the repair of full-thickness articular defects in rabbits. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 2012, 21, 1730 -1736.

AMA Style

Claudio Iván Serra, Carme Soler, Jose M. Carillo, Joaquin J. Sopena, José Ignacio Redondo, Ramón Cugat. Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on the repair of full-thickness articular defects in rabbits. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2012; 21 (8):1730-1736.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudio Iván Serra; Carme Soler; Jose M. Carillo; Joaquin J. Sopena; José Ignacio Redondo; Ramón Cugat. 2012. "Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on the repair of full-thickness articular defects in rabbits." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 21, no. 8: 1730-1736.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 20 May 2012 in Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
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The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical effects of dexmedetomidine, both alone and combined with pethidine or butorphanol, in cats. A prospective randomized blind study was performed. Thirty cats were randomly assigned to three groups of 10 animals: D: dexmedetomidine (20 μg/kg IM); DP: dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg IM) and pethidine (2.5 mg/kg IM); DB: dexmedetomidine (10 μg/kg IM) and butorphanol (0.4 mg/kg IM). Quality of sedation, analgesia, muscle relaxation and the possibility of performing some clinical procedures were compared using a multifactorial scale. Sedation, analgesia and muscle relaxation increased progressively over time and did not differ in the three protocols. The three protocols facilitated the completion of several clinical procedures. The clinical variables studied showed a similar behaviour in the three protocols and remained close to the baseline, except for a drop in heart rate in protocol D. In conclusion, dexmedetomidine, either alone or combined with pethidine or butorphanol, offers suitable sedation, analgesia and relaxation to perform various clinical procedures in cats.

ACS Style

L. Nagore; C. Soler; Laura Gil; I. Serra; G. Soler; José Ignacio Redondo. Sedative effects of dexmedetomidine, dexmedetomidine-pethidine and dexmedetomidine-butorphanol in cats. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2012, 36, 222 -228.

AMA Style

L. Nagore, C. Soler, Laura Gil, I. Serra, G. Soler, José Ignacio Redondo. Sedative effects of dexmedetomidine, dexmedetomidine-pethidine and dexmedetomidine-butorphanol in cats. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2012; 36 (3):222-228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. Nagore; C. Soler; Laura Gil; I. Serra; G. Soler; José Ignacio Redondo. 2012. "Sedative effects of dexmedetomidine, dexmedetomidine-pethidine and dexmedetomidine-butorphanol in cats." Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 36, no. 3: 222-228.

Research
Published: 25 February 2012 in Veterinary Record
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A retrospective study of 275 anaesthetic records of cats was undertaken to examine the prevalence of postanaesthetic hypothermia, its clinical predictors and consequences. Temperature was recorded throughout anaesthesia. The temperature reached at the end was classified as hyperthermia (>39.50°C), normothermia (38.50 to 39.50°C), slight hypothermia (38.49 to 36.50°C), moderate hypothermia (36.49 to 34.00°C) or severe hypothermia (<34.00°C). Statistical analysis consisted of multiple regression to identify the factors that affect the temperature at the end of the procedure. Before premedication, the mean (sd) temperature was 38.2 (1.0)°C. At 60, 120 and 180 minutes from induction, the temperature was 35.4 (1.4)°C, 35.0 (1.5)°C and 34.6 (1.5)°C, respectively. The prevalence of hypothermia was slight 26.5 per cent (95 per cent CI 21.7 to 32.0 per cent), moderate 60.4 per cent (95 per cent CI 54.5 to 66.0 per cent) and severe 10.5 per cent (95 per cent CI 7.4 to 14.7 per cent). The variables associated with a decrease in the temperature recorded at the end of anaesthesia were the duration of anaesthesia, the reason for anaesthesia (abdominal and orthopaedic surgeries significantly reduced the temperature when compared with minor procedures) and the anaesthetic risk (high-risk cats showed lower temperatures than low-risk cats). The temperature before premedication was associated with an increase in the final temperature.

ACS Style

José Ignacio Redondo; P. Suesta; Laura Gil; G. Soler; I. Serra; C. Soler. Retrospective study of the prevalence of postanaesthetic hypothermia in cats. Veterinary Record 2012, 170, 206 -206.

AMA Style

José Ignacio Redondo, P. Suesta, Laura Gil, G. Soler, I. Serra, C. Soler. Retrospective study of the prevalence of postanaesthetic hypothermia in cats. Veterinary Record. 2012; 170 (8):206-206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Ignacio Redondo; P. Suesta; Laura Gil; G. Soler; I. Serra; C. Soler. 2012. "Retrospective study of the prevalence of postanaesthetic hypothermia in cats." Veterinary Record 170, no. 8: 206-206.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2011 in Theriogenology
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The coordinated interaction of the components of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) with reproductive hormones such as progesterone, oestrogens and cortisol during pregnancy has been widely reported to play a vital role in foetal and placental development in various species, significantly influencing the proper achievement of pregnancy and foetal viability at birth. These interactions have not yet been clarified in mares. Thus, the purpose of the present research was to analyse the relationship between cortisol (CORT), progesterone (P4) and oestrone sulphate (OESTRONE), and the components of the RAAS, renin (REN), angiotensin II (ANG-II) and aldosterone (ALD) concentrations in Spanish broodmares during pregnancy. Venous blood samples were obtained monthly from a total of 31 Purebred Spanish broodmares aged between 5 and 15 years during the 11 months of pregnancy. Plasma and serum REN, ANG-II, ALD, P4, OESTRONE and CORT concentrations were analysed by competitive immunoassay. Pregnancy in Purebred Spanish broodmares is characterised by a progressive increase in REN and ALD, a decrease in CORT levels, variable fluctuations in P4 and OESTRONE and no variations in ANG-II concentrations (P < 0.05). Serum P4 was not correlated with either ALD or CORT. The OESTRONE and REN levels were not correlated, while OESTRONE and ALD showed a positive correlation (r = 0.16; P < 0.05). These results suggest that the sustained stimulation of the RAAS in normal pregnancy in Spanish broodmares is not totally dependent on the changes in P4 and CORT concentrations, despite the involvement of OESTRONE in the secretion of ALD. This brings into question the possible involvement of oestrogen in the secretion of ALD by a mechanism which is not exclusively dependent on REN. Consequently, at physiological levels, OESTRONE is not the only stimulus for REN synthesis, and the mineralocorticoids ALD and CORT do not show a competitive mechanism with P4 during pregnancy in mares. Other mechanisms which do not depend on these hormones should be considered in the modification of the RAAS during pregnancy in Spanish mares.

ACS Style

K. Satué; R. Domingo; José Ignacio Redondo. Relationship between progesterone, oestrone sulphate and cortisol and the components of renin angiotensin aldosterone system in Spanish purebred broodmares during pregnancy. Theriogenology 2011, 76, 1404 -1415.

AMA Style

K. Satué, R. Domingo, José Ignacio Redondo. Relationship between progesterone, oestrone sulphate and cortisol and the components of renin angiotensin aldosterone system in Spanish purebred broodmares during pregnancy. Theriogenology. 2011; 76 (8):1404-1415.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K. Satué; R. Domingo; José Ignacio Redondo. 2011. "Relationship between progesterone, oestrone sulphate and cortisol and the components of renin angiotensin aldosterone system in Spanish purebred broodmares during pregnancy." Theriogenology 76, no. 8: 1404-1415.

Clinical trial
Published: 31 October 2011 in Veterinary Ophthalmology
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To evaluate the effects of the intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine on the intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil size (PS) in normal dogs. Forty-two animals with no ocular abnormalities were included in this study. Following initial readings (T(0)) of IOP and PS, the dogs received an intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine (5 μg/kg). Both measurements were repeated 10 min (T(10) ) and 20 min (T(20)) later. There were no significant differences in IOP measurements between T(0) and T(10), although a significant decrease was observed at T(20). A significant miosis was found in the first 10 min after sedation. At T(20), the PS slightly increased, resulting in no statistical differences with T(0) and T(10). Dexmedetomidine is an excellent option for surgery or diagnostic ocular procedures in dogs when a specific control of IOP is required. However, it must be used in combination with mydriatics in ophthalmic surgical or diagnostic procedures, which require complete dilation of the pupil.

ACS Style

Cristina Artigas; José I. Redondo; María M. López‐Murcia. Effects of intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine on intraocular pressure and pupil size in clinically normal dogs. Veterinary Ophthalmology 2011, 15, 79 -82.

AMA Style

Cristina Artigas, José I. Redondo, María M. López‐Murcia. Effects of intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine on intraocular pressure and pupil size in clinically normal dogs. Veterinary Ophthalmology. 2011; 15 ():79-82.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Artigas; José I. Redondo; María M. López‐Murcia. 2011. "Effects of intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine on intraocular pressure and pupil size in clinically normal dogs." Veterinary Ophthalmology 15, no. : 79-82.

Review
Published: 10 October 2007 in Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A
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This paper describes the cardiorespiratory variables and the incidence of anaesthetic complications in dogs. For this, a retrospective study of 1281 anaesthesias was performed. Heart rate (HR), non‐invasive mean arterial (MAP), systolic (SP) and diastolic pressures (DP), invasive mean arterial (IMAP), systolic (ISP) and diastolic pressures (IDP), central venous pressure (CVP), respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (VT), minute volume (VM), end‐tidal CO2 (EtCO2), arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), temperature (T) and death are reported. Data were described both globally and separately for each ASA (American Society of Anaesthesiologists classification) status. An anova and a Tukey’s test were used for comparing the different ASA status’ values (α = 0.05). During anaesthetic maintenance, the mean ± SD of the studied variables were: HR: 91 ± 27 bpm. MAP: 86 ± 24 mmHg. IMAP: 80 ± 22 mmHg. SP: 114 ± 25 mmHg. ISP: 109 ± 26 mmHg. DP: 67 ± 23 mmHg. IDP: 66 ± 22 mmHg. CVP: 5 ±3 mmHg. RR: 19 ± 11 rpm. VT: 14 ± 7 ml/kg. VM: 191 ± 93 ml/kg/min. EtCO2: 40 ± 8 mmHg. T: 37.1 ± 1.7°C. ASA III and ASA IV patients, compared with those with ASA I, showed higher values of HR, RR, VT and VM and lower in IMAP, CVP, EtCO2, SpO2 and T. The most frequent complications were bradycardia (36.3% of the patients), hypotension (37.9%), hypoventilation (63.4%), hypoxia (16.4%), hypothermia (4.8%) and death (0.9%). Cardiorespiratory complications frequently occur in dogs during general anaesthesia.

ACS Style

J. I. Redondo; Monica Rubio; G. Soler; I. Serra; C. Soler; R. J. Gómez-Villamandos. Normal Values and Incidence of Cardiorespiratory Complications in Dogs During General Anaesthesia. A Review of 1281 Cases. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 2007, 54, 470 -477.

AMA Style

J. I. Redondo, Monica Rubio, G. Soler, I. Serra, C. Soler, R. J. Gómez-Villamandos. Normal Values and Incidence of Cardiorespiratory Complications in Dogs During General Anaesthesia. A Review of 1281 Cases. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A. 2007; 54 (9):470-477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. I. Redondo; Monica Rubio; G. Soler; I. Serra; C. Soler; R. J. Gómez-Villamandos. 2007. "Normal Values and Incidence of Cardiorespiratory Complications in Dogs During General Anaesthesia. A Review of 1281 Cases." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 54, no. 9: 470-477.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2006 in Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A
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The objective of this paper was to evaluate romifidine as a pre-medicant in dogs prior to propofol-isoflurane anaesthesia, and to compare it with medetomidine. For this, eight healthy dogs were anaesthetised. Each dog received three pre-anaesthetic protocols: R40 (romifidine, 40 microg/kg, IV), R80 (romifidine, 80 microg/kg, IV) or MED (medetomidine, 10 microg/kg, IV). Induction of anaesthesia was delivered with propofol and maintained with isoflurane. The following variables were studied before sedative administration and 10 min after sedative administration: heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) and respiratory rate (RR). During maintenance, the following variables were recorded at 5-min intervals: HR, MAP, SAD, DAP, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO(2)), end-tidal CO(2)(EtCO(2)), end-tidal concentration of isoflurane (EtISO) required for maintenance of anaesthesia and tidal volume (TV). Time to extubation, time to sternal recumbency and time to standing were also registered. HR and RR experimented a significantly decreased during sedation in all protocols respect to baseline values. Mean HR, MAP, SAP, DAP, SpO(2), EtCO(2), and TV during anaesthesia were similar for the three protocols. End tidal of isoflurane concentration was statistically similar for all protocols. Recovery time for R40 was significantly shorter than in R80 and MED. The studied combination of romifidine, propofol and isoflurane appears to be an effective drug combination for inducing and maintaining general anaesthesia in healthy dogs.

ACS Style

R. J. Gómez‐Villamandos; J. M. Domínguez; J. I. Redondo; E. M. Martin; M. M. Granados; Irene Luque Ruiz; J. M. Santisteban. Comparison of Romifidine and Medetomidine Pre-medication in Propofol?Isoflurane Anaesthetised Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 2006, 53, 471 -475.

AMA Style

R. J. Gómez‐Villamandos, J. M. Domínguez, J. I. Redondo, E. M. Martin, M. M. Granados, Irene Luque Ruiz, J. M. Santisteban. Comparison of Romifidine and Medetomidine Pre-medication in Propofol?Isoflurane Anaesthetised Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A. 2006; 53 (9):471-475.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. J. Gómez‐Villamandos; J. M. Domínguez; J. I. Redondo; E. M. Martin; M. M. Granados; Irene Luque Ruiz; J. M. Santisteban. 2006. "Comparison of Romifidine and Medetomidine Pre-medication in Propofol?Isoflurane Anaesthetised Dogs." Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 53, no. 9: 471-475.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 01 October 2006 in Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of desflurane after induction of anesthesia with propofol in dogs sedated with romifidine or medetomidine. Each of 8 healthy dogs received intravenously, in random order, 3 preanesthetic protocols: romifidine, 40 μg/kg of body weight (BW) (R40); romifidine, 80 μg/kg BW (R80); and medetomidine, 10 μg/kg BW (MED). Cardiovascular and respiratory variables were recorded during the procedure. Time to extubation, time to sternal recumbency, and time to standing were also recorded. Heart rate and respiratory rate decreased significantly during sedation from baseline values, but there were no differences between the means for the 3 preanesthetic protocols. Mean values for heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, respiratory rate, tidal volume, arterial oxygen level, pH, and arterial blood gas values during anesthesia were similar for the 3 protocols. The mean saturation, end-tidal CO2 end-tidal desflurane concentration was significantly lower with the R80 protocol than with the R40 protocol. The mean time to extubation was significantly shorter with the R40 protocol than with the R80 and MED protocols.

ACS Style

Rafael Jesús Gómez Villamandos; José Ignacio Redondo; Eva M. Martín; Juan M. Domínguez; María M. Granados; Indalecio Ruiz; José M. Santisteban. Cardiorespiratory effects of desflurane in dogs given romifidine or medetomidine before induction of anesthesia with propofol. Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire 2006, 70, 308 -312.

AMA Style

Rafael Jesús Gómez Villamandos, José Ignacio Redondo, Eva M. Martín, Juan M. Domínguez, María M. Granados, Indalecio Ruiz, José M. Santisteban. Cardiorespiratory effects of desflurane in dogs given romifidine or medetomidine before induction of anesthesia with propofol. Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire. 2006; 70 (4):308-312.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafael Jesús Gómez Villamandos; José Ignacio Redondo; Eva M. Martín; Juan M. Domínguez; María M. Granados; Indalecio Ruiz; José M. Santisteban. 2006. "Cardiorespiratory effects of desflurane in dogs given romifidine or medetomidine before induction of anesthesia with propofol." Canadian journal of veterinary research = Revue canadienne de recherche veterinaire 70, no. 4: 308-312.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 01 October 2005 in Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
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ACS Style

R. J. Gomez-Villamandos; J. I. Redondo; E. M. Martin; J. M. Domínguez; M. M. Granados; J. C. Estepa; Irene Luque Ruiz; E. Aguilera; J. M. Santisteban. Romifidine or medetomidine premedication before propofol-sevoflurane anaesthesia in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2005, 28, 489 -493.

AMA Style

R. J. Gomez-Villamandos, J. I. Redondo, E. M. Martin, J. M. Domínguez, M. M. Granados, J. C. Estepa, Irene Luque Ruiz, E. Aguilera, J. M. Santisteban. Romifidine or medetomidine premedication before propofol-sevoflurane anaesthesia in dogs. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2005; 28 (5):489-493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. J. Gomez-Villamandos; J. I. Redondo; E. M. Martin; J. M. Domínguez; M. M. Granados; J. C. Estepa; Irene Luque Ruiz; E. Aguilera; J. M. Santisteban. 2005. "Romifidine or medetomidine premedication before propofol-sevoflurane anaesthesia in dogs." Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 28, no. 5: 489-493.