Over the past decade, there has been a great interest in the changeover from cars powered by gasoline to electric vehicles, both within the automotive industry and among customers. The electric vehicle–grid (V2G) technology is a noteworthy innovation that enables the battery of an electric vehicle during idling conditions or parked can function as an energy source that can store or release energy whenever required. This results in energy exchange between the grid and EV batteries. This article reviews various bidirectional converter topologies used in the V2G system. Additionally, it can reduce the cost of charging for electric utilities, thus increasing profits for EV owners. Normally electric grid and the battery of an electric vehicle can be connected through power electronic converters, especially a bidirectional converter, which allows power to flow in both directions. The majority of research work is carried out over the converters for V2G applications and concerns utilizing two conversion stages, such as the AC-DC conversion stage used for correcting the power factor and the DC-DC conversion stage for matching the terminal voltage. Furthermore, a bidirectional conversion can be made for an active power transfer between grid–vehicle (G2V) and V2G effectively. This review explores and examines several topologies of bidirectional converters which make it possible for active power flow between the grid and the vehicle and vice versa. Moreover, different types of charging and discharging systems, such as integrated/non-integrated and on/off board, etc., which have been used for electric vehicle applications, are also discussed. A comparison study is carried out based on several other factors that have been suggested. The utilization of semiconductors in power converters and non-conventional resources in charging and discharging applications are the two improving technologies for electric vehicles.

The delivery of electricity employing an electromagnetic field that extends across an intervening region is called a wireless power transfer (WPT). This approach paves the way for electric vehicles (EVs) to use newly available options to reduce their environmental impact. This article is a review that examines the WPT technology for use in electric vehicle applications from both the technical aspect and the environmental impact. This review will attempt to accomplish the following objectives: (1) describe the present state of the technology behind the development and application of a WPT across the transportation industry; (2) substantiate the actual implementation of WPT EV systems; and (3) estimate the functioning of the autonomous system, as well as detect the potential stumbling blocks and openings for enhancement. The most recent advancements and implementation in compensating topologies, power electronics converters, and control techniques are dissected and debated scientifically to improve the system’s performance. To evaluate the performance from a sustainable perspective, energy, environmental, and economic factors are utilized, and at the same time, policy drivers and health and safety problems are researched.

Electric transportation will assist in lowering emissions of greenhouse gases and mitigating the impact of rising petrol prices. To promote the widespread adoption of electric transportation, a diverse range of charging stations must be established in an atmosphere that is friendly to users. Wireless electric vehicle charging systems are a viable alternative technology that can charge electric vehicles (EVs) without any plug-in issues. Wireless power transfer (WPT), which involves the transmission of electricity via an electromagnetic field despite the presence of an intervening area, holds out the possibility of new prospects for EVs to increase environmentally responsible mobility. This review article examines the WPT technology and how it might be applied to electric vehicles from both a technical and safety standpoint. The prime aim of this review is (1) to illustrate the current state of the art in terms of technological advances as well as research limitations in the field of WPT development and use within the field of transportation; (2) to organise the experimental the deployment of WPT EV systems in the actual world; and (3) to analyse the results over a sustainable period and to identify limitations as well as chances for growth. From a technical point of view, the progress that has been made on the selection of material for designing coils, different types of coils with a specific focus on the overall performance of the system. As a result, this study aims to provide an extensive overview focusing on the magnetic materials and the architectures of the transmitter and receiver pads.

This study assesses the reliability of diodes, capacitors, inductors and MOSFET in a Vienna Rectifier configuration, an essential topology for efficient power conversion systems. Component selection is becoming more important in modern power electronics due to rising requirements for efficiency, power density, and reliability. Extreme reliability testing, such as temperature cycling, electrical overload, and extended high-frequency operation, were part of the research. GaN MOSFETs outperformed Si and SiC MOSFETs in several respects, including reduced conduction and switching losses, better thermal management, and more consistent performance throughout time. Whereas GaN MOSFETs performed better overall, particularly at high frequencies and temperatures, SiC MOSFETs demonstrated some improvement over conventional Si devices. Capacitors, diodes, MOSFETs, and inductors are tested for dependability under various stress circumstances. Using diodes in combination with GaN MOSFETs reduced temperature deterioration, which improved the system’s reliability. The results show that GaN MOSFETs improve the Vienna Rectifier’s effectiveness and efficiency and that also increase the system’s lifetime and dependability, even for passive components. These results insights to select components for systems in the automotive and aerospace industries, particularly rely on reliability.

Non-linear loads can cause transients in electronic switches. They also result in a fluctuating output when the device is switched ON or OFF. These transients can harm not only the switches but also the devices that they are connected to, by passing excess currents or voltages to the devices. By applying machine learning, we can improve the gate drive voltages of the switches and thereby reduce switch transients. A feedback system is built that measures the output transients and then feeds it to a neural network algorithm that then gives a proper gate drive to the device. This will reduce transients and also improve performances of switch based devices like inverters and converters.

This paper derives a novel direct model predictive based power controller (DMPPC) for renewable energy systems (RES) to address voltage fluctuations caused by varying power demands and renewable source outputs. This method utilizes the bi-directional DC-DC converter in the Battery Energy Storage (BES) System to level the renewable energy output, also maintain DC bus voltage stability, with the assistance of fuzzy decision making. Based upon grid necessities and the BES system’s state of charge, the controller controls an AC/DC interlinking converter to ensure consistent AC potential and appropriate power exchange with the utility grid. This paper presents an enhanced model predictive controller with an objective function based on fuzzy objectives and limitations that dynamically adapts to external circumstances, instead of utilizing a layered control structural design for BES planning and grid control. With the aid of simulation models created with Matlab Simulink, the suggested controller's operability is confirmed. This approach demonstrates excellent reference tracking performance with minimal Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) with both non-linear as well as linear loads. This article presents the development of a basic hybrid microgrid prototype.