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A two-stage continuous process was developed for improved silica extraction from rice husk. The two-stage continuous process consists of attrition ball milling and alkaline leaching methods. To find the optimum conditions for the continuous process, the effects of alkaline leaching parameters, such as the alkaline solution type and reaction conditions, on the silica extraction yield were investigated in a batch process. The use of NaOH showed a slightly higher silica yield than KOH. The optimum reaction conditions were found to be 0.2 M, 80 °C, 3 h, and 6% (w/v) for the reaction concentration, temperature, duration time, and solid content, respectively. Attrition ball milling was used to make micron-sized rice husk particles and to improve the fluidity of the rice husk slurry. The two-stage continuous process was performed using optimum conditions as determined based on the results of the batch experiment. The two-stage continuous extraction was stably operated for 80 h with an 89% silica yield. During the operation, the solid content remained consistent at 6% (w/v). The obtained silica was characterized using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method.
Ji Park; Yang Gu; Seon Park; Ee Hwang; Byoung-In Sang; Jinyoung Chun; Jin Lee. Two-Stage Continuous Process for the Extraction of Silica from Rice Husk Using Attrition Ball Milling and Alkaline Leaching Methods. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7350 .
AMA StyleJi Park, Yang Gu, Seon Park, Ee Hwang, Byoung-In Sang, Jinyoung Chun, Jin Lee. Two-Stage Continuous Process for the Extraction of Silica from Rice Husk Using Attrition Ball Milling and Alkaline Leaching Methods. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (13):7350.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJi Park; Yang Gu; Seon Park; Ee Hwang; Byoung-In Sang; Jinyoung Chun; Jin Lee. 2021. "Two-Stage Continuous Process for the Extraction of Silica from Rice Husk Using Attrition Ball Milling and Alkaline Leaching Methods." Sustainability 13, no. 13: 7350.
The impact of attrition ball-mill pretreatment on food waste particle size, soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), biochemical methane potential, and microbial community during anaerobic digestion was investigated based on milling speed and time. The uniformity of particle size improved with increasing milling speed and time. The SCOD of the pretreated samples increased to 4%, 7%, and 17% at the speeds of 150, 225, and 300 rpm, respectively, compared to the control. Milling time did not significantly change the SCOD. The cumulative methane productions of 430, 440, and 490 mL/g-VS were observed at the speeds of 150, 225, and 300 rpm, respectively, while the untreated sample exhibited the cumulative methane production of 390 mL/g-VS. Extended milling time did not improve methane production much. When the milling times of 10, 20, and 30 min were applied with the milling speed fixed at 300 rpm, the methane productions of 490, 510, and 500 mL/g-VS were observed respectively. Ball-mill pretreatment also increased the total volatile fatty acids. During the anaerobic digestion (AD) of ball-mill treated food waste, acetoclastic methanogens predominated, with a relative abundance of 48–49%. Interestingly, hydrogenotrophic methanogens were 1.6 times higher in the pretreated samples than those in the control. These results showed the potential of attrition ball milling as a food waste pretreatment for improving methane production.
Yang Gu; Seon Park; Ji Park; Byoung-In Sang; Byoung Jeon; Hyunook Kim; Jin Lee. Impact of Attrition Ball-Mill on Characteristics and Biochemical Methane Potential of Food Waste. Energies 2021, 14, 2085 .
AMA StyleYang Gu, Seon Park, Ji Park, Byoung-In Sang, Byoung Jeon, Hyunook Kim, Jin Lee. Impact of Attrition Ball-Mill on Characteristics and Biochemical Methane Potential of Food Waste. Energies. 2021; 14 (8):2085.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang Gu; Seon Park; Ji Park; Byoung-In Sang; Byoung Jeon; Hyunook Kim; Jin Lee. 2021. "Impact of Attrition Ball-Mill on Characteristics and Biochemical Methane Potential of Food Waste." Energies 14, no. 8: 2085.