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Prof. Hyunook Kim
University of Seoul

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Anaerobic Digestion
0 Biological Nutrient Removal
0 Emerging contaminants
0 Advanced oxidation processes
0 Process control and instrumentation

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Anaerobic Digestion
Process control and instrumentation

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Journal article
Published: 13 July 2021 in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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The presence of anionic and cationic dyes in wastewater has highlighted a great necessity to develop new and effective approaches for their simultaneous removal. Herein, graphene oxide-manganese dioxide (GO-MnO2) nanocomposite was synthesized using a hydrothermal method to reduce pollution load of wastewater. In this stidy, synthesized material was utilized as adsorbent for the removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) and anionic methyl orange (MO) dyes from aqueous solution that act as model organic pollutants. The morphology, chemical structure, thermal stability, and other properties of the synthesized adsorbent were characterized using Field emmision scanning electron microscopy, Powder X-ray differaction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, Energy dispersive spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area techniques. The kinetics results showed the removal efficiency of 50.48% and 85.35% within the starting 5 min for both MO and MB, respectively, and fitted well to a pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The isotherms adsorption results fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model, confirming the monolayer adsorption and give maximum adsorption capacities 149.253 and 178.253 mg/g for MO and MB, respectively. GO-MnO2 showed a good reusability and gave > 90% removal efficiencies after seven continuous cycles. Lastly, the simultaneous adsorption performance of the adsorbent for both dyes ggave 100% removal efficiency. All these results give a direct visual impression of the fast kinetics efficiency and high adsorption capacity for real wastewater treatment application.

ACS Style

Monu Verma; Inderjeet Tyagi; Vinod Kumar; Simpy Goel; Dipti Vaya; Hyunook Kim. Fabrication of GO–MnO2 nanocomposite using hydrothermal process for cationic and anionic dyes adsorption: Kinetics, isotherm, and reusability. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2021, 9, 106045 .

AMA Style

Monu Verma, Inderjeet Tyagi, Vinod Kumar, Simpy Goel, Dipti Vaya, Hyunook Kim. Fabrication of GO–MnO2 nanocomposite using hydrothermal process for cationic and anionic dyes adsorption: Kinetics, isotherm, and reusability. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021; 9 (5):106045.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monu Verma; Inderjeet Tyagi; Vinod Kumar; Simpy Goel; Dipti Vaya; Hyunook Kim. 2021. "Fabrication of GO–MnO2 nanocomposite using hydrothermal process for cationic and anionic dyes adsorption: Kinetics, isotherm, and reusability." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 5: 106045.

Journal article
Published: 30 June 2021 in Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology
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ACS Style

Jung-Hoon Uhm; Se-Young Park; Seung-Mi Kwon; Jin-Ho Shin; Seog-Ju Cho; Hyunook Kim. Overestimation of Ammonium and its Relation to Ion Balance in Fine Dust (PM2.5) According to the Denuder Installation. Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology 2021, 24, 100 -106.

AMA Style

Jung-Hoon Uhm, Se-Young Park, Seung-Mi Kwon, Jin-Ho Shin, Seog-Ju Cho, Hyunook Kim. Overestimation of Ammonium and its Relation to Ion Balance in Fine Dust (PM2.5) According to the Denuder Installation. Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology. 2021; 24 (2):100-106.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jung-Hoon Uhm; Se-Young Park; Seung-Mi Kwon; Jin-Ho Shin; Seog-Ju Cho; Hyunook Kim. 2021. "Overestimation of Ammonium and its Relation to Ion Balance in Fine Dust (PM2.5) According to the Denuder Installation." Journal of Environmental Analysis, Health and Toxicology 24, no. 2: 100-106.

Review
Published: 21 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Managing the concentration of atmospheric CO2 requires a multifaceted engineering strategy, which remains a highly challenging task. Reducing atmospheric CO2 (CO2R) by converting it to value-added chemicals in a carbon neutral footprint manner must be the ultimate goal. The latest progress in CO2R through either abiotic (artificial catalysts) or biotic (natural enzymes) processes is reviewed herein. Abiotic CO2R can be conducted in the aqueous phase that usually leads to the formation of a mixture of CO, formic acid, and hydrogen. By contrast, a wide spectrum of hydrocarbon species is often observed by abiotic CO2R in the gaseous phase. On the other hand, biotic CO2R is often conducted in the aqueous phase and a wide spectrum of value-added chemicals are obtained. Key to the success of the abiotic process is understanding the surface chemistry of catalysts, which significantly governs the reactivity and selectivity of CO2R. However, in biotic CO2R, operation conditions and reactor design are crucial to reaching a neutral carbon footprint. Future research needs to look toward neutral or even negative carbon footprint CO2R processes. Having a deep insight into the scientific and technological aspect of both abiotic and biotic CO2R would advance in designing efficient catalysts and microalgae farming systems. Integrating the abiotic and biotic CO2R such as microbial fuel cells further diversifies the spectrum of CO2R.

ACS Style

TsingHai Wang; Cheng-Di Dong; Jui-Yen Lin; Chiu-Wen Chen; Jo-Shu Chang; Hyunook Kim; Chin-Pao Huang; Chang-Mao Hung. Recent Advances in Carbon Dioxide Conversion: A Circular Bioeconomy Perspective. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6962 .

AMA Style

TsingHai Wang, Cheng-Di Dong, Jui-Yen Lin, Chiu-Wen Chen, Jo-Shu Chang, Hyunook Kim, Chin-Pao Huang, Chang-Mao Hung. Recent Advances in Carbon Dioxide Conversion: A Circular Bioeconomy Perspective. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6962.

Chicago/Turabian Style

TsingHai Wang; Cheng-Di Dong; Jui-Yen Lin; Chiu-Wen Chen; Jo-Shu Chang; Hyunook Kim; Chin-Pao Huang; Chang-Mao Hung. 2021. "Recent Advances in Carbon Dioxide Conversion: A Circular Bioeconomy Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6962.

Review
Published: 09 June 2021 in iScience
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Summary A huge amount of agricultural wastes and waste activated-sludge are being generated every year around the world. Anaerobic co-digestion (AcD) has been considered as an alternative for the utilization of organic matters from such organic wastes by producing bioenergy and biochemicals to realize a circular bioeconomy. Despite recent advancement in AcD processes, the effect of feedstock compositions and operating conditions on the biomethane production processe has not been critically explored. In this paper, we have reviewed the effects of feedstock (organic wastes) characteristics, including particle size, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, and pretreatment options, on the performance of an anaerobic digestion process. In addition, we provided an overview of the effect of key control parameters, including retention time, temperature, pH of digestate, volatile fatty acids content, total solids content, and organic loading rate. Lastly, based on the findings from the literature, we have presented several perspectives and prospects on priority research to promote AcD to a steppingstone for a circular bioeconomy.

ACS Style

Shu-Yuan Pan; Cheng-Yen Tsai; Chen-Wuing Liu; Sheng-Wei Wang; Hyunook Kim; Chihhao Fan. Anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural wastes toward circular bioeconomy. iScience 2021, 24, 1 .

AMA Style

Shu-Yuan Pan, Cheng-Yen Tsai, Chen-Wuing Liu, Sheng-Wei Wang, Hyunook Kim, Chihhao Fan. Anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural wastes toward circular bioeconomy. iScience. 2021; 24 (7):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shu-Yuan Pan; Cheng-Yen Tsai; Chen-Wuing Liu; Sheng-Wei Wang; Hyunook Kim; Chihhao Fan. 2021. "Anaerobic co-digestion of agricultural wastes toward circular bioeconomy." iScience 24, no. 7: 1.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2021 in Water
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Volatile fatty acids can be used as carbon sources for denitrification and are easily supplied as by-products from the anaerobic digestion of waste materials. Nitrification and denitrification processes were carried out in a single reactor feeding volatile fatty acids as electron donors and the changes in microbial communities in the reactor were investigated. The microbial communities in the alternating aerobic and anoxic systems were different, and their structure flexibly changed within one reactor. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were highly distributed during denitrification, whereas Proteobacteria was a major phylum during nitrification. In addition, in the denitrification system, the microbial community was substrate dependent. It showed the sequential nitrogen removal in one reactor and the microbial community also followed the change of environmental condition, cyclic nitrification, and denitrification.

ACS Style

Okkyoung Choi; Se-Jin Cha; Hyunjin Kim; Hyunook Kim; Byoung-In Sang. Dynamic Changes of Microbiome with the Utilization of Volatile Fatty Acids as Electron Donors for Denitrification. Water 2021, 13, 1556 .

AMA Style

Okkyoung Choi, Se-Jin Cha, Hyunjin Kim, Hyunook Kim, Byoung-In Sang. Dynamic Changes of Microbiome with the Utilization of Volatile Fatty Acids as Electron Donors for Denitrification. Water. 2021; 13 (11):1556.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Okkyoung Choi; Se-Jin Cha; Hyunjin Kim; Hyunook Kim; Byoung-In Sang. 2021. "Dynamic Changes of Microbiome with the Utilization of Volatile Fatty Acids as Electron Donors for Denitrification." Water 13, no. 11: 1556.

Review
Published: 18 May 2021 in Sustainability
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Biochar is a carbon-rich material prepared from the pyrolysis of biomass under various conditions. Recently, biochar drew great attention due to its promising potential in climate change mitigation, soil amendment, and environmental control. Obviously, biochar can be a beneficial soil amendment in several ways including preventing nutrients loss due to leaching, increasing N and P mineralization, and enabling the microbial mediation of N2O and CO2 emissions. However, there are also conflicting reports on biochar effects, such as water logging and weathering induced change of surface properties that ultimately affects microbial growth and soil fertility. Despite the voluminous reports on soil and biochar properties, few studies have systematically addressed the effects of biochar on the sequestration of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in soils. Information on microbially-mediated transformation of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) species in the soil environment remains relatively uncertain. A systematic documentation of how biochar influences the fate and transport of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen in soil is crucial to promoting biochar applications toward environmental sustainability. This report first provides an overview on the adsorption of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen species on biochar, particularly in soil systems. Then, the biochar-mediated transformation of organic species, and the transport of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in soil systems are discussed. This review also reports on the weathering process of biochar and implications in the soil environment. Lastly, the current knowledge gaps and priority research directions for the biochar-amended systems in the future are assessed. This review focuses on literatures published in the past decade (2009–2021) on the adsorption, degradation, transport, weathering, and transformation of C, N, and P species in soil systems with respect to biochar applications.

ACS Style

Shu-Yuan Pan; Cheng-Di Dong; Jenn-Fang Su; Po-Yen Wang; Chiu-Wen Chen; Jo-Shu Chang; Hyunook Kim; Chin-Pao Huang; Chang-Mao Hung. The Role of Biochar in Regulating the Carbon, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen Cycles Exemplified by Soil Systems. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5612 .

AMA Style

Shu-Yuan Pan, Cheng-Di Dong, Jenn-Fang Su, Po-Yen Wang, Chiu-Wen Chen, Jo-Shu Chang, Hyunook Kim, Chin-Pao Huang, Chang-Mao Hung. The Role of Biochar in Regulating the Carbon, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen Cycles Exemplified by Soil Systems. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5612.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shu-Yuan Pan; Cheng-Di Dong; Jenn-Fang Su; Po-Yen Wang; Chiu-Wen Chen; Jo-Shu Chang; Hyunook Kim; Chin-Pao Huang; Chang-Mao Hung. 2021. "The Role of Biochar in Regulating the Carbon, Phosphorus, and Nitrogen Cycles Exemplified by Soil Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5612.

Journal article
Published: 05 May 2021 in Chemical Engineering Journal
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Although many studies have been conducted to quantify microplastics in various aquatic environments, there is no easy and standardized analytical method or apparatus. Recently, a number of attempts have been made to standardize microplastic-measuring methods using micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μ-FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, or pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). However, they still require time-consuming and labor-intensive sample pretreatment, instrument configuration, and complex data processing. Especially, when sample matrix is as complex as sewage, the quantification of microplastics is even more difficult. Therefore, in this study, we have proposed an innovative method which quantifies total organic carbon (TOC) of plastic particles to estimate the mass of microplastics in sewage. Then, the method was applied to evaluate the fate of microplastics in sewage flowing into and out of a sewage treatment plant (STP). In the proposed method, sewage samples were collected and filtered using a sampling module equipped with stainless-steel filters to harvest particles between 45 μm and 500 μm. Then, the retentates of the filter were digested by Fenton’s reagent to remove organic matters other than plastic particles before TOC determination. The method detection limit of the proposed method was 0.003 mg (0.15 μg L−1 for a 20 L sample), and the recovery efficiencies estimated with six different types of plastic particles were ranged from 76% to 98%. Using the proposed method, the performance of a STP in Seoul in excluding microplastics from sewage was evaluated; more than 99% of microplastics could be removed. In fact, the result was also confirmed by μ-FTIR.

ACS Style

Youngmin Hong; Joosung Oh; Ingyu Lee; Chihhao Fan; Shu-Yuan Pan; Min Jang; Young-Kwon Park; Hyunook Kim. Total-organic-carbon-based quantitative estimation of microplastics in sewage. Chemical Engineering Journal 2021, 423, 130182 .

AMA Style

Youngmin Hong, Joosung Oh, Ingyu Lee, Chihhao Fan, Shu-Yuan Pan, Min Jang, Young-Kwon Park, Hyunook Kim. Total-organic-carbon-based quantitative estimation of microplastics in sewage. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2021; 423 ():130182.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Youngmin Hong; Joosung Oh; Ingyu Lee; Chihhao Fan; Shu-Yuan Pan; Min Jang; Young-Kwon Park; Hyunook Kim. 2021. "Total-organic-carbon-based quantitative estimation of microplastics in sewage." Chemical Engineering Journal 423, no. : 130182.

Journal article
Published: 04 May 2021 in Scientific Reports
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Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i, such as Sildenafil, Tadalafil and Vardenafil, mainly prescribed to treat erectile dysfunction) and their generic drug equivalents have been widely marketed and consumed in Korea. From the concentrations detected in wastewater, we could deduce that relatively large amounts of PDE-5i were consumed without a legal prescription. Thus, PDE-5i’s presence in the environment via sewage is unavoidable, and their environmental fate within a sewage treatment plant (STP) should be evaluated. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of three PDE-5i analogs in the influent and effluent of two STPs and the receiving water bodies. The PDE-5i concentration in total reached 62 ± 12 (STP#1) and 88 ± 37 ng L−1 (STP#2) in the sewage influent; about 70% of it was Sildenafil in both STPs. However, they were hardly removed by the STPs as the removal efficiency of the STPs was less than 10% ± 5%. Therefore, the pharmaceuticals were detected in the receiving water (lower than 7 ng L−1as a total amount) and the concentration slightly increased downstream of the STPs. A simple mass balance model applied for the compounds in the STP effluent and receiving water bodies also confirmed that the discharged PDE-5i were quite persistent. Lastly, we identified temporal and regional patterns in the consumption of the drugs from daily variations of PDE-5i in the influent to these two STPs. For instance, the levels of PDE-5i in the sewage significantly increased on weekends (from Friday to Saturday), and especially in the area where adult-entertainment businesses are common. We estimated that the amount of PDE-5i consumption in this area was 31% higher than that in the area with fewer nightlife spots. Considering that they are pharmaceutically active and resistant to treatment processes within an STP, it is advised that a regular monitoring and management program for PDE-5i should be developed to prevent the discharge of the pharmaceuticals into the water environment.

ACS Style

Youngmin Hong; Ingyu Lee; Beomseok Tae; Wonseok Lee; Shu-Yuan Pan; Seth W. Snyder; Hyunook Kim. Contribution of sewage to occurrence of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in natural water. Scientific Reports 2021, 11, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Youngmin Hong, Ingyu Lee, Beomseok Tae, Wonseok Lee, Shu-Yuan Pan, Seth W. Snyder, Hyunook Kim. Contribution of sewage to occurrence of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in natural water. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Youngmin Hong; Ingyu Lee; Beomseok Tae; Wonseok Lee; Shu-Yuan Pan; Seth W. Snyder; Hyunook Kim. 2021. "Contribution of sewage to occurrence of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors in natural water." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1: 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2021 in Energies
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The impact of attrition ball-mill pretreatment on food waste particle size, soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), biochemical methane potential, and microbial community during anaerobic digestion was investigated based on milling speed and time. The uniformity of particle size improved with increasing milling speed and time. The SCOD of the pretreated samples increased to 4%, 7%, and 17% at the speeds of 150, 225, and 300 rpm, respectively, compared to the control. Milling time did not significantly change the SCOD. The cumulative methane productions of 430, 440, and 490 mL/g-VS were observed at the speeds of 150, 225, and 300 rpm, respectively, while the untreated sample exhibited the cumulative methane production of 390 mL/g-VS. Extended milling time did not improve methane production much. When the milling times of 10, 20, and 30 min were applied with the milling speed fixed at 300 rpm, the methane productions of 490, 510, and 500 mL/g-VS were observed respectively. Ball-mill pretreatment also increased the total volatile fatty acids. During the anaerobic digestion (AD) of ball-mill treated food waste, acetoclastic methanogens predominated, with a relative abundance of 48–49%. Interestingly, hydrogenotrophic methanogens were 1.6 times higher in the pretreated samples than those in the control. These results showed the potential of attrition ball milling as a food waste pretreatment for improving methane production.

ACS Style

Yang Gu; Seon Park; Ji Park; Byoung-In Sang; Byoung Jeon; Hyunook Kim; Jin Lee. Impact of Attrition Ball-Mill on Characteristics and Biochemical Methane Potential of Food Waste. Energies 2021, 14, 2085 .

AMA Style

Yang Gu, Seon Park, Ji Park, Byoung-In Sang, Byoung Jeon, Hyunook Kim, Jin Lee. Impact of Attrition Ball-Mill on Characteristics and Biochemical Methane Potential of Food Waste. Energies. 2021; 14 (8):2085.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang Gu; Seon Park; Ji Park; Byoung-In Sang; Byoung Jeon; Hyunook Kim; Jin Lee. 2021. "Impact of Attrition Ball-Mill on Characteristics and Biochemical Methane Potential of Food Waste." Energies 14, no. 8: 2085.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2021 in Journal of Hazardous Materials
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Despite extensive studies, the fundamental understanding of synergistic mechanisms between sonolysis and photocatalysis for the abatement of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) remains uncertain. As different phases formed under ultrasound irradiation, hydrophilic POPs, sulfamethoxazole (SMX, Kow: 0.89), predominantly resides in bulk liquid and is ineffectively degraded by sonolysis (kUS=3.33×10-3 min-1) since 98% POPs and >96% total organic carbon (TOC) removal.

ACS Style

Baekha Ryu; Kien Tiek Wong; Choe Earn Choong; Jung-Rae Kim; Hyunook Kim; Sang-Hyoun Kim; Byong-Hun Jeon; Yeomin Yoon; Shane A. Snyder; Min Jang. Degradation synergism between sonolysis and photocatalysis for organic pollutants with different hydrophobicity: A perspective of mechanism and application for high mineralization efficiency. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2021, 416, 125787 .

AMA Style

Baekha Ryu, Kien Tiek Wong, Choe Earn Choong, Jung-Rae Kim, Hyunook Kim, Sang-Hyoun Kim, Byong-Hun Jeon, Yeomin Yoon, Shane A. Snyder, Min Jang. Degradation synergism between sonolysis and photocatalysis for organic pollutants with different hydrophobicity: A perspective of mechanism and application for high mineralization efficiency. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2021; 416 ():125787.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Baekha Ryu; Kien Tiek Wong; Choe Earn Choong; Jung-Rae Kim; Hyunook Kim; Sang-Hyoun Kim; Byong-Hun Jeon; Yeomin Yoon; Shane A. Snyder; Min Jang. 2021. "Degradation synergism between sonolysis and photocatalysis for organic pollutants with different hydrophobicity: A perspective of mechanism and application for high mineralization efficiency." Journal of Hazardous Materials 416, no. : 125787.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2021 in Chemosphere
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Red mud (RM), an industrial waste of bauxite refinery, shows great potential in adsorptive phosphate immobilization but granulation of RM enables the ease for field application. Red-mud-based ceramsites with 12 compositions that blended Korean red mud, American red mud, ocher, and bentonite were synthesized through firing process (600∼1000 oC). The porosity, bulk density, mechanical strength, mineralogical composition, and phosphate adsorption capacity of granulated RM were characterized and analyzed. The crystallization of plagioclases, nepheline and gehlenite was observed in the ceramsites with high alkali flux content, which enhanced both porosity and phosphate adsorption capacity. The characteristics of the ceramsites without phase transition were highly correlated with porosity. The mechanical strength of ceramsites was governed by crack population, describable by the Weibull distribution model, and thus the maximal tensile stress correlated negatively with porosity. Results showed that 32 wt % of KRREM and USREM treated at 1000 and 900 oC, respectively, yielded the best performing ceramites in terms of mechanical strength and phosphate adsorption capacity. Ultimately, the phosphate adsorption capacity, as affected by initial phosphate concentration, contact time, and temperature, of the optimized ceramsites was studied.

ACS Style

Jui-Yen Lin; Dan Li; Minsoo Kim; Ingyu Lee; Hyunook Kim; Chin-Pao Huang. Process optimization for the synthesis of ceramsites in terms of mechanical strength and phosphate adsorption capacity. Chemosphere 2021, 278, 130239 .

AMA Style

Jui-Yen Lin, Dan Li, Minsoo Kim, Ingyu Lee, Hyunook Kim, Chin-Pao Huang. Process optimization for the synthesis of ceramsites in terms of mechanical strength and phosphate adsorption capacity. Chemosphere. 2021; 278 ():130239.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jui-Yen Lin; Dan Li; Minsoo Kim; Ingyu Lee; Hyunook Kim; Chin-Pao Huang. 2021. "Process optimization for the synthesis of ceramsites in terms of mechanical strength and phosphate adsorption capacity." Chemosphere 278, no. : 130239.

Journal article
Published: 17 February 2021 in Environmental Technology & Innovation
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In this study, hydropyrolysis was carried out using sodium carbonate to convert the green algal bloom into bio-oil, biochar, aqueous solution, and gases. The effect of supercritical conditions (400, 450, 500 °C) on the product yield, bio-oil composition, and structure, and functionalities of the biochar was determined. The high yield of biochar and bio-oil was reported at 400 °C. A significant reduction in bio-oil and increment in hydrocarbon content was reported on the elevation of temperature from 450 °C to 500 °C. After that, kinetic and isotherm analysis was investigated simultaneously to remove four heavy metals viz. Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) from the mixture solution. Results show that kinetics data follow a pseudo-second-order kinetics model and adsorption isotherm is in better agreement with the Langmuir model, not with the Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity was found 10.90, 5.74, 5.80, and 16.28 mg/g with the biochar prepared at 500 °C for Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) metals, respectively. The current investigation provided a promising way for the utilization of freshwater algal bloom biomass for renewable products and simultaneously heavy metal removal from the water.

ACS Style

Krishna Kumar Jaiswal; Vinod Kumar; Mikhail S. Vlaskin; Manisha Nanda; Monu Verma; Waseem Ahmad; Hyunook Kim. Hydropyrolysis of freshwater macroalgal bloom for bio-oil and biochar production: Kinetics and isotherm for removal of multiple heavy metals. Environmental Technology & Innovation 2021, 22, 101440 .

AMA Style

Krishna Kumar Jaiswal, Vinod Kumar, Mikhail S. Vlaskin, Manisha Nanda, Monu Verma, Waseem Ahmad, Hyunook Kim. Hydropyrolysis of freshwater macroalgal bloom for bio-oil and biochar production: Kinetics and isotherm for removal of multiple heavy metals. Environmental Technology & Innovation. 2021; 22 ():101440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krishna Kumar Jaiswal; Vinod Kumar; Mikhail S. Vlaskin; Manisha Nanda; Monu Verma; Waseem Ahmad; Hyunook Kim. 2021. "Hydropyrolysis of freshwater macroalgal bloom for bio-oil and biochar production: Kinetics and isotherm for removal of multiple heavy metals." Environmental Technology & Innovation 22, no. : 101440.

Journal article
Published: 11 February 2021 in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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Anaerobic digestion (AD) has been widely applied for extracting energy from organic wastes. Optimization of AD operation is difficult because of its complexity. Therefore, an effective control of the AD process has become a popular area of research. Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) is the most commonly applied model for predicting and controlling the performance of an AD system. However, it requires extensive model calibration/validation steps to improve its accuracy and sensitivity. In this study, ADM1 was modified by linearizing biochemical process equations to develop a linearized ADM1 (LADM) to be implemented in a model predictive control (MPC) for AD systems. Then, both ADM1 and linearized ADM1 (LADM) were firstly applied for a lab-scale AD system and their performances in predicting biogas production of the AD system were compared. The results showed that the LADM had a very similar performance to that of ADM1, as the mean relative error (MRE) of the former was 1.3%. However, the computational cost of the LADM was 18% and 15% lower than that of ADM1, as calculated by using Matlab’s two integrators, i.e., ODE45 and ODE15, respectively. Then, the lab-scale AD system was operated by the MPC with LADM implemented. As a result, a very accurate prediction of the biogas production could be obtained. The MRE of the model prediction of biogas production for 80-days AD operation was only 6.9%, indicating that the LADM and MPC scheme developed in this study are promising for application in the process control of an AD system.

ACS Style

Dan Li; Ingyu Lee; Hyunook Kim. Application of the linearized ADM1 (LADM) to lab-scale anaerobic digestion system. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2021, 9, 105193 .

AMA Style

Dan Li, Ingyu Lee, Hyunook Kim. Application of the linearized ADM1 (LADM) to lab-scale anaerobic digestion system. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021; 9 (3):105193.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dan Li; Ingyu Lee; Hyunook Kim. 2021. "Application of the linearized ADM1 (LADM) to lab-scale anaerobic digestion system." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 3: 105193.

Journal article
Published: 06 February 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
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Freshwater consumption by humans has reached its peak, magnifying a dearth to freshwater availability across the world. The rising demand for freshwater has led to an interest in using purified wastewater for reuse. In this study, a novel microalgal strain Pseudochlorella pringsheimii — Ind-Jiht-1 was assessed in a pilot-scale for phyco-mitigation of various pollutants in the raw urban wastewater, including heavy metals as well as antibiotics resistant bacteria. The results appeared promising; the technology achieved an 83.2% reduction in COD, 66.7% in alkalinity and 69.6% in hardness. Moreover, almost complete reductions in total bacterial and total coliforms could be achieved. Three isolates viz., IS-2, IS-9 and IS-10, which were in the raw wastewater, could be obtained even after the 14-days microalgal-treatment of the wastewater. IS-2 was the most dominating bacterial species and able to thrive in urban wastewater even after the treatment. The treated wastewater was used to cultivate the sucker fishes. Bodyweight of the fishes was measured for evaluating their growth rates. The average survival rates of the sucker fish in the raw wastewater and treated wastewater were 0% and 84%, respectively. Results confirm that the algae-based technology not only reduces the micropollutants and bacteria from urban wastewater but also offers a platform for reuse of treated water for low-cost fish cultivation.

ACS Style

Vinod Kumar; Krishna Kumar Jaiswal; Monu Verma; Mikhail S. Vlaskin; Manisha Nanda; Pankaj Kumar Chauhan; Ajay Singh; Hyunook Kim. Algae-based sustainable approach for simultaneous removal of micropollutants, and bacteria from urban wastewater and its real-time reuse for aquaculture. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 774, 145556 .

AMA Style

Vinod Kumar, Krishna Kumar Jaiswal, Monu Verma, Mikhail S. Vlaskin, Manisha Nanda, Pankaj Kumar Chauhan, Ajay Singh, Hyunook Kim. Algae-based sustainable approach for simultaneous removal of micropollutants, and bacteria from urban wastewater and its real-time reuse for aquaculture. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 774 ():145556.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vinod Kumar; Krishna Kumar Jaiswal; Monu Verma; Mikhail S. Vlaskin; Manisha Nanda; Pankaj Kumar Chauhan; Ajay Singh; Hyunook Kim. 2021. "Algae-based sustainable approach for simultaneous removal of micropollutants, and bacteria from urban wastewater and its real-time reuse for aquaculture." Science of The Total Environment 774, no. : 145556.

Journal article
Published: 04 February 2021 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Particulate matter (PM) pollution is of great concern for human health and vegetation. In this study, we investigated the impact of PM on primary (unifoliate) leaves of Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek by exposing leaves’ adaxial surface to PM. Leaves exposed to PM showed accumulation of various metal(loid)s even after removal of epicuticular wax (EW) revealing that the metals/metalloids could penetrate through the cuticular barrier. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed that even after thorough washing with water, a significant amount (~55%) of particles were retained on the leaf surface. Leaves did not show any particles on their surface post EW removal, revealing that particles adhered to EW. Exposing primary leaves to PM did not alter their size but gave rise to smaller sized trifoliate leaves. A decline in Chl a/b of PM-exposed primary leaves suggested that PM cause a shading effect on leaves. PM-exposed primary leaves also showed a decline in sugar levels. However, the trifoliate leaves did not show any variation in Chl a/b as well as sugar levels. Our findings furnish evidence for the negative effects of PM on plants and a probable dietary exposure of humans to PMs, warranting more in-depth studies on the potential risks of PMs in agricultural sector.

ACS Style

Nisha Shabnam; Joosung Oh; Sangwon Park; Hyunook Kim. Impact of particulate matter on primary leaves of Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021, 212, 111965 .

AMA Style

Nisha Shabnam, Joosung Oh, Sangwon Park, Hyunook Kim. Impact of particulate matter on primary leaves of Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2021; 212 ():111965.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nisha Shabnam; Joosung Oh; Sangwon Park; Hyunook Kim. 2021. "Impact of particulate matter on primary leaves of Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 212, no. : 111965.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2020 in Journal of Molecular Liquids
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Herein, we showed that the graphene oxide with manganese ferrite (GO-MnFe2O4) possess great adsorption properties for the selective Pb2+ ions removal from the aqueous medium. Nanocomposite adsorbent was developed by one-pot hydrothermal method, using graphene oxide as a supporting material to minimize the aggregation of MnFe2O4. Also, GO possesses important role in the adsorption mechanism of Pb2+ through electrostatic/ionic interactions. The characterizations such as FT-IR, XPS, P-XRD, FE-SEM, and BET of the synthesized nanocomposite were carried out to assess the different properties such as functionalities, crystallinity, morphology, and surface area value, respectively. Thereafter, the adsorption performance of GO-MnFe2O4 nanocomposite was tested for the Pb2+ at various adsorption parameters including to contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dose, and concentration of initial Pb2+ in order to measure the optimum adsorption condition. Kinetic experiments suggest that the equilibrium attained in 30 min and followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Adsorption isotherm model followed to Langmuir isotherms and gives a maximum adsorption capacity of 621.11 mg/g. The reusability tests exhibited good durability and good efficiency for repeated Pb2+ adsorptions with GO-MnFe2O4 nanocomposite. These results demonstrated that the GO-MnFe2O4 nanocomposite may be an attractive adsorbent having low-cost for the effectively Pb+2 removal of from the polluted water.

ACS Style

Monu Verma; Ashwani Kumar; Krishna Pal Singh; Ravi Kumar; Vinod Kumar; Chandra Mohan Srivastava; Varun Rawat; Gyandeshwar Rao; Sujata Kumari; Pratibha Sharma; Hyunook Kim. Graphene oxide-manganese ferrite (GO-MnFe2O4) nanocomposite: One-pot hydrothermal synthesis and its use for adsorptive removal of Pb2+ ions from aqueous medium. Journal of Molecular Liquids 2020, 315, 113769 .

AMA Style

Monu Verma, Ashwani Kumar, Krishna Pal Singh, Ravi Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Chandra Mohan Srivastava, Varun Rawat, Gyandeshwar Rao, Sujata Kumari, Pratibha Sharma, Hyunook Kim. Graphene oxide-manganese ferrite (GO-MnFe2O4) nanocomposite: One-pot hydrothermal synthesis and its use for adsorptive removal of Pb2+ ions from aqueous medium. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2020; 315 ():113769.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monu Verma; Ashwani Kumar; Krishna Pal Singh; Ravi Kumar; Vinod Kumar; Chandra Mohan Srivastava; Varun Rawat; Gyandeshwar Rao; Sujata Kumari; Pratibha Sharma; Hyunook Kim. 2020. "Graphene oxide-manganese ferrite (GO-MnFe2O4) nanocomposite: One-pot hydrothermal synthesis and its use for adsorptive removal of Pb2+ ions from aqueous medium." Journal of Molecular Liquids 315, no. : 113769.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2020 in Applied Sciences
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: Chlorination is the preferred method to control biofouling in a power plant cooling system due to its comparative effectiveness and low cost. If a power plant is located in a coastal area, chlorine can be electrochemically generated in-situ using seawater, which is called in-situ electro-chlorination; this approach has several advantages including fewer harmful chlorination byproducts and no need for chlorine storage. Nonetheless, this electrochemical process is still in its infancy in practice. In this study, a parallel first-order kinetics was applied to simulate chlorine decay in a pilot-scale cooling system. Since the decay occurs along the water-intake pipe, the kinetics was incorporated into computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes, which were subsequently applied to simulate chlorine behavior in the pipe. The experiment and the simulation data indicated that chlorine concentrations along the pipe wall were incremental, even under the condition where a strong turbulent flow was formed. The fact that chlorine remained much more concentrated along the pipe surface than in the middle allowed for the reduction of the overall chlorine demand of the system based on the electro-chlorination. The cooling system, with an in-situ electro-chlorination, consumed only 1/3 of the chlorine dose demanded by the direct injection method. Therefore, it was concluded that in-situ electro-chlorination could serve as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for biofouling control at power plants on coastal areas.

ACS Style

Jongchan Yi; JongHun Lee; Mohd Amiruddin Fikri; Byoung-In Sang; Hyunook Kim. Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Chlorine-Dynamics Modeling of In-Situ Chlorination Systems for Cooling Systems. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 4455 .

AMA Style

Jongchan Yi, JongHun Lee, Mohd Amiruddin Fikri, Byoung-In Sang, Hyunook Kim. Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Chlorine-Dynamics Modeling of In-Situ Chlorination Systems for Cooling Systems. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (13):4455.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jongchan Yi; JongHun Lee; Mohd Amiruddin Fikri; Byoung-In Sang; Hyunook Kim. 2020. "Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Chlorine-Dynamics Modeling of In-Situ Chlorination Systems for Cooling Systems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 13: 4455.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2020 in Water-Energy Nexus
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Commonly observed competitive substrate inhibition in cometabolism of organic contaminants is used as rate- and reducing-power-determining factors to develop a kinetic model of the competitive cometabolism. Analogous to the well-known theory of Leudeking-Piret kinetics where the product formation demands reducing power, cometabolism is modeled as a reducing power demanding process that also competes with microbial growth for the available reducing power from the degradation of energy-yielding primary substrate. The model further incorporates other growth-associated phenomena such as substrate inhibition and multiple growth/nongrowth substrate interactions that may occur during cometabolic transformation processes. The kinetic model is used successfully to predict a variety of degradation patterns of growth/nongrowth substrates, displayed by microbial cultures when exposed to different concentration ratios of growth to nongrowth substrate: a complete degradation of nongrowth substrates that coincides with the simultaneous depletion of a growth substrate and, in some other cases, an incomplete degradation of a nongrowth substrate following the complete depletion of a growth substrate. These distinct patterns of substrate degradation are attributed to intrinsic specificities of enzymes for cometabolism and lack of reducing power available from the growth substrate degradation. The efficacy of cometabolic capabilities of actively growing microbial cultures and pre-cultured resting cells is discussed in terms of reducing power available in such systems.

ACS Style

Michael H. Kim; Chihhao Fan; Shu-Yuan Pan; Ingyu Lee; Yupo Lin; Hyunook Kim. Kinetics of competitive cometabolism under aerobic conditions. Water-Energy Nexus 2020, 3, 62 -70.

AMA Style

Michael H. Kim, Chihhao Fan, Shu-Yuan Pan, Ingyu Lee, Yupo Lin, Hyunook Kim. Kinetics of competitive cometabolism under aerobic conditions. Water-Energy Nexus. 2020; 3 ():62-70.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michael H. Kim; Chihhao Fan; Shu-Yuan Pan; Ingyu Lee; Yupo Lin; Hyunook Kim. 2020. "Kinetics of competitive cometabolism under aerobic conditions." Water-Energy Nexus 3, no. : 62-70.

Analysis
Published: 02 March 2020 in Nature Sustainability
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CO2 mineralization and utilization using alkaline solid wastes has been rapidly developed over the last ten years and is considered one of the promising technologies to stabilize solid wastes while combating global warming. Despite the publication of a number of reports evaluating the performance of the processes, no study on the estimation of the global CO2 reduction potential by CO2 mineralization and utilization using alkaline solid wastes has been reported. Here, we estimate global CO2 mitigation potentials facilitated by CO2 mineralization and utilization as a result of accelerated carbonation using various types of alkaline solid wastes in different regions of the world. We find that a substantial amount of CO2 (that is, 4.02 Gt per year) could be directly fixed and indirectly avoided by CO2 mineralization and utilization, corresponding to a reduction in global anthropogenic CO2 emissions of 12.5%. In particular, China exhibits the greatest potential worldwide to implement CO2 mineralization and utilization, where it would account for a notable reduction of up to 19.2% of China’s annual total emissions. Our study reveals that CO2 mineralization and utilization using alkaline solid wastes should be regarded as one of the essential green technologies in the portfolio of strategic global CO2 mitigation.

ACS Style

Shu-Yuan Pan; Yi-Hung Chen; Liang-Shih Fan; Hyunook Kim; Xiang Gao; Tung-Chai Ling; Pen-Chi Chiang; Si-Lu Pei; Guowei Gu. CO2 mineralization and utilization by alkaline solid wastes for potential carbon reduction. Nature Sustainability 2020, 3, 399 -405.

AMA Style

Shu-Yuan Pan, Yi-Hung Chen, Liang-Shih Fan, Hyunook Kim, Xiang Gao, Tung-Chai Ling, Pen-Chi Chiang, Si-Lu Pei, Guowei Gu. CO2 mineralization and utilization by alkaline solid wastes for potential carbon reduction. Nature Sustainability. 2020; 3 (5):399-405.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shu-Yuan Pan; Yi-Hung Chen; Liang-Shih Fan; Hyunook Kim; Xiang Gao; Tung-Chai Ling; Pen-Chi Chiang; Si-Lu Pei; Guowei Gu. 2020. "CO2 mineralization and utilization by alkaline solid wastes for potential carbon reduction." Nature Sustainability 3, no. 5: 399-405.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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In this study, we analyzed 27 pharmaceuticals in liquid and solid phase samples collected from the unit processes of four different sewage treatment plants (STPs) to evaluate their distribution and behavior of the pharmaceuticals. The examination of the relative distributions of various categories of pharmaceuticals in the influent showed that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were the most dominant. While the relative distribution of antibiotics in the influent was not high (i.e., 3%–5%), it increased to 14%–30% in the effluent. In the four STPs, the mass load of the target pharmaceuticals was reduced by 88%–95% mainly in the biological treatment process, whereas the ratio of pharmaceuticals in waste sludge to those in the influent (w/w) was only 2%. In all the STPs, the removal efficiencies for the stimulant caffeine, NSAIDs (acetaminophen, naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid), and the antibiotic cefradine were high; they were removed mainly by biological processes. Certain compounds, such as the NSAID ketoprofen, contrast agent iopromide, lipid regulator gemfibrozil, and antibiotic sulfamethoxazole, showed varying removal efficiencies depending on the contribution of biodegradation and sludge sorption. In addition, a quantitative meta-analysis was performed to compare the pharmaceutical removal efficiencies of the biological treatment processes in the four STPs, which were a membrane bioreactor (MBR) process, sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process, anaerobic–anoxic–oxic (A2O) process, and moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process. Among the biological processes, the removal efficiency was in the order of MBR > SBR > A2O > MBBR. Among the tertiary treatment processes investigated, powdered activated carbon showed the highest removal efficiency of 18%–63% for gemfibrozil, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, atenolol, cimetidine, and trimethoprim.

ACS Style

Junwon Park; Changsoo Kim; Youngmin Hong; Wonseok Lee; Hyenmi Chung; Dong-Hwan Jeong; Hyunook Kim; Kim. Distribution and Removal of Pharmaceuticals in Liquid and Solid Phases in the Unit Processes of Sewage Treatment Plants. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 687 .

AMA Style

Junwon Park, Changsoo Kim, Youngmin Hong, Wonseok Lee, Hyenmi Chung, Dong-Hwan Jeong, Hyunook Kim, Kim. Distribution and Removal of Pharmaceuticals in Liquid and Solid Phases in the Unit Processes of Sewage Treatment Plants. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (3):687.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Junwon Park; Changsoo Kim; Youngmin Hong; Wonseok Lee; Hyenmi Chung; Dong-Hwan Jeong; Hyunook Kim; Kim. 2020. "Distribution and Removal of Pharmaceuticals in Liquid and Solid Phases in the Unit Processes of Sewage Treatment Plants." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 687.