Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the cost, production time, clinical performance, and patient satisfaction of 3D printing workflows in prosthodontics compared to conventional and subtractive methods. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of electronic databases was performed to identify studies published between 2015 and 2025 that directly compared digital additive workflows with analogue or subtractive workflows. Studies were eligible if they included prosthodontic treatments such as dentures, crowns, or implant-supported prostheses and reported at least one relevant outcome. The primary outcomes were cost, time efficiency, clinical accuracy (e.g., marginal adaptation, fit), and patient satisfaction. Included studies were methodologically evaluated using MINORS scale and the risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I and RoB 2 tools. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 3D printing workflows demonstrated reduced production time and cost in comparison to conventional or subtractive methods. Clinical outcomes were generally comparable or superior, particularly regarding adaptation and fit. Patient satisfaction was favourable in most studies, although reporting varied. Long-term follow-up was limited, which constrains the interpretation of sustained clinical performance. Conclusions: These findings suggest that 3D printing can serve as an efficient and cost-effective alternative in prosthodontic fabrication, with clinical results comparable to those already established. Further research is needed to assess long-term clinical performance and cost-effectiveness in various clinical scenarios.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of moisture control strategies (including wet-bonding techniques, universal adhesives, and etching type) on dentin bonding performance in restorative dentistry. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, following PRISMA guidelines. Only in vitro and ex vivo studies comparing wet- and dry-bonding protocols, using human dentin substrates, and reporting microtensile bond strength (μTBS) were included. The data were synthesized using a random-effects meta-analysis and the methodological quality was assessed using the MINORS tool. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE framework. Results: Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, eight of which were included in this meta-analysis. The moisture control strategies significantly influenced the bonding outcomes, with ethanol and acetone wet bonding yielding higher μTBS and enhanced hybrid layer morphology. The universal adhesives performed effectively under both moist and dry conditions, although their performance varied by the adhesive composition and solvent system. The meta-analysis revealed a statistically significant advantage for hydrated dentin (SMD = +1.20; 95% CI: 0.52 to 1.86; p < 0.001), with the moist and ethanol-treated substrates outperforming the dry and over-wet surfaces. The long-term durability was better preserved with ethanol and acetone pretreatments and the adjunctive use of chlorhexidine. Conclusions: Moisture conditions influence dentin bond strength, but modern universal adhesives show consistent bonding performance across different moisture conditions. Solvent-wet-bonding protocols, particularly with ethanol or acetone, enhance the immediate and long-term performance. While the current evidence is limited by the in vitro designs and heterogeneity, the findings demonstrate protocol flexibility and highlight strategies to optimize adhesion in clinical practice. Future clinical trials are necessary to validate these approaches under real-world conditions.

(1) Background: The development of a biocompatible material for direct additive manufacturing of maxillofacial extraoral prosthesis is still a challenging task. The aim of the present study was to obtain a photocurable PDMS, with nano TiO₂ inclusions, for directly 3D printing of extraoral, maxillofacial prosthesis. The biocompatibility of the newly obtained nanocomposite was also investigated; (2) Methods: 2.5% (m/m) titania nanoparticles (TiO₂) oxide anatase and a photoinitiator, benzophenone (BF) 4.5% were added to commercially available PDMS for maxillofacial soft prostheses manufacturing. The three different samples (PDMS, PDMS-BF and PDMS-BF-TiO₂) were assessed by dielectric curing analysis (DEA) based on their viscosities and curing times. In vitro micronucleus test (MNvit) was performed for genotoxicity assessment and three concentrations of each compounds (2 mg/L, 4 mg/L and 8 mg/L) were tested in duplicate and compared to a control; (3) Results: The nanocomposite PDMS-BP-TiO₂ was fully reticulated within a few minutes under UV radiation, according to the dielectric analysis. PDMS-BF-TiO₂ nanocomposite showed the lowest degree of cyto- and genotoxicity; (4) Conclusions: In the limits of the present study, the proposed ex situ preparation of a PDMS-BP-TiO₂ offers an easy, simple, and promising technique that could be successfully used for 3D printing medical applications.

Background: A rapid bacterial diagnostic is needed more and more in the treatment of patients, because of the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The cumulative antibiogram, an annual report that monitors antimicrobial resistance trends in health care facilities, may provide a profile of empirical therapy useful in diverse emergency situations, such as transmission of resistant bacteria to oral cavity of newborn babies. We aimed to draw a profile of antibiotic resistance encountered. Methods: We assessed the antibiotic resistance (ABR) profile in childbearing women and newborn babies in Ploiesti Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital by the disk diffusion method characterizing the multidrug-resistant organisms after isolation and identification by phenotypic tests. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant Group B Streptococcus (VR-GBS) were detected. Results: The prevalence of antibiotic resistance was 11.32% (53/468), while the prevalence of the ESBL-E, MRSA, VRE and VR-GBS strains was 8.34% (39/468). Within the bacteria isolated from fifty-three childbearing women, the prevalence of ESBL-E, MRSA, VRE and VR-GBS was 22.64% (12/53), 32.08% (17/53), 11.32% (6/53) and 7.55% (4/53). In the whole studied group, the prevalence was 2.56% (12/468), 3.63% (17/468), 1.28% (6/468) and 0.86% (4/468). Resistant bacteria were detected at birth in the oral cavity of the newborn babies in all cases. Maternal and neonatal isolates shared similar characteristics. Conclusions: Cumulative antibiogram is useful in case of empiric treatment needed in diverse emergencies, such as transmission of resistant bacteria to oral cavity of newborn babies.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate cell proliferation capacity and micronuclei incidence in the presence of nickel–chromium (Ni-Cr)-based dental alloys, with and without the addition of beryllium (Be). The use of these alloys in dental prosthetics is widespread; however, the potential risks associated with their genotoxicity and cytotoxicity require further investigation. The study seeks to provide insight into the safety of these materials and their long-term impact on the health of both patients and dental professionals. Methods: The study was conducted through a comparative analysis of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity using human lymphocyte cultures exposed to two types of Ni-Cr-based dental alloys, one containing beryllium and the other without beryllium. The evaluations were performed according to the OECD Test No. 487 guideline, employing the micronucleus assay and cell proliferation assay. Lymphocytes were exposed to three different alloy concentrations (5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, and 20 mg/mL), and the effects on genetic material were analyzed microscopically. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and variance) were calculated, and one-way ANOVA was used to assess statistical significance between groups, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: A significant increase in cytotoxicity and micronuclei incidence was observed in the samples containing beryllium compared to those without beryllium. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p < 0.001) between the test and control groups and between different concentrations. Additionally, a direct proportional relationship was noted between alloy concentration and the intensity of genotoxic effects. Microscopic analysis confirmed genetic material damage, indicating a potentially increased risk associated with the use of this type of dental material. Conclusions: The data obtained suggest that Ni-Cr-based dental alloys containing beryllium may present a significant risk of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Therefore, the selection of materials used in dental prosthetics should be based on solid scientific evidence, and the use of these alloys should be approached with caution. The study highlights the need for further research to better understand the long-term impact of these materials on human health.

Tooth autotransplantation is a procedure involving the surgical repositioning of a tooth or dental germ from one site in the mouth to another within the same individual. A successful procedure requires a donor tooth with healthy cementum and periodontium, gentle surgical maneuvers, a well-fitted neoalveolus, and a short extraalveolar time of the donor tooth. Digital technology increases the accuracy and predictability of the tooth autotransplantation procedure. Surgical templates generate a more precise neoalveolus, with good stability of the donor tooth, and decrease the surgical time. Using a donor tooth replica ensures an optimal morphology of the new alveolus, thus reducing the injury of the root and the extraoral time of the donor tooth. This case report presents the tooth autotransplantation technique, that was employed to reposition a maxillary premolar with two fused roots on a mandibular recipient site. Digital planning, two surgical guides (one for each root), and a 3D printed tooth replica were used to ensure good accuracy, prognosis, and reduced treatment time. The procedure is conservative and offers considerable advantages to the patient, such as retaining natural teeth and proprioception.