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Prof. Yahya Eid
Kafrelsheikh University, Anatomy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

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0 Biochemistry
0 Biotechnology
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0 Nutritional biochemistry

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Review
Published: 23 August 2021 in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
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The health sector is critical to the well-being of any country, but developing countries have several obstacles that prevent them from providing adequate health care. This became an even larger concern after the COVID-19 outbreak left millions of people dead worldwide and generated huge amounts of infected or potentially infected wastes. The management and disposal of medical wastes during and post-COVID-19 represent a major challenge in all countries, but this challenge is particularly great for developing countries that do not have robust waste disposal infrastructure. The main problems in developing countries include inefficient treatment procedures, limited capacity of healthcare facilities, and improper waste disposal procedures. The management of medical wastes in most developing countries was primitive prior to the pandemic. The improper treatment and disposal of these wastes in our current situation may further speed COVID-19 spread, creating a serious risk for workers in the medical and sanitation fields, patients, and all of society. Therefore, there is a critical need to discuss emerging challenges in handling, treating, and disposing of medical wastes in developing countries during and after the COVID-19 outbreak. There is a need to determine best disposal techniques given the conditions and limitations under which developing countries operate. Several open questions need to be investigated concerning this global issue, such as to what extent developing countries can control the expected environmental impacts of COVID-19, particularly those related to medical wastes? What are the projected management scenarios for medical wastes under the COVID-19 outbreak? And what are the major environmental risks posed by contaminated wastes related to COVID-19 treatment? Studies directed at the questions above, careful planning, the use of large capacity mobile recycling facilities, and following established guidelines for disposal of medical wastes should reduce risk of COVID-19 spread in developing countries.

ACS Style

Hassan El-Ramady; Eric C. Brevik; Heba Elbasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry; Megahed Amer; Tamer Elsakhawy; Alaa El-Dein Omara; Ahmed A. Mosa; Ayman M. El-Ghamry; Neama Abdalla; Szilárd Rezes; Mai Elboraey; Ahmed Ezzat; Yahya Eid. Planning for disposal of COVID-19 pandemic wastes in developing countries: a review of current challenges. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2021, 193, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Hassan El-Ramady, Eric C. Brevik, Heba Elbasiouny, Fathy Elbehiry, Megahed Amer, Tamer Elsakhawy, Alaa El-Dein Omara, Ahmed A. Mosa, Ayman M. El-Ghamry, Neama Abdalla, Szilárd Rezes, Mai Elboraey, Ahmed Ezzat, Yahya Eid. Planning for disposal of COVID-19 pandemic wastes in developing countries: a review of current challenges. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2021; 193 (9):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hassan El-Ramady; Eric C. Brevik; Heba Elbasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry; Megahed Amer; Tamer Elsakhawy; Alaa El-Dein Omara; Ahmed A. Mosa; Ayman M. El-Ghamry; Neama Abdalla; Szilárd Rezes; Mai Elboraey; Ahmed Ezzat; Yahya Eid. 2021. "Planning for disposal of COVID-19 pandemic wastes in developing countries: a review of current challenges." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 193, no. 9: 1-15.

Review
Published: 10 July 2021 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Human health and its improvement are the main target of several studies related to medical, agricultural and industrial sciences. The human health is the primary conclusion of many studies. The improving of human health may include supplying the people with enough and safe nutrients against malnutrition to fight against multiple diseases like COVID-19. Biofortification is a process by which the edible plants can be enriched with essential nutrients for human health against malnutrition. After the great success of biofortification approach in the human struggle against malnutrition, a new biotechnological tool in enriching the crops with essential nutrients in the form of nanoparticles to supplement human diet with balanced diet is called nano-biofortification. Nano biofortification can be achieved by applying the nano particles of essential nutrients (e.g., Cu, Fe, Se and Zn) foliar or their nano-fertilizers in soils or waters. Not all essential nutrients for human nutrition can be biofortified in the nano-form using all edible plants but there are several obstacles prevent this approach. These stumbling blocks are increased due to COVID-19 and its problems including the global trade, global breakdown between countries, and global crisis of food production. The main target of this review was to evaluate the nano-biofortification process and its using against malnutrition as a new approach in the era of COVID-19. This review also opens many questions, which are needed to be answered like is nano-biofortification a promising solution against malnutrition? Is COVID-19 will increase the global crisis of malnutrition? What is the best method of applied nano-nutrients to achieve nano-biofortification? What are the challenges of nano-biofortification during and post of the COVID-19?

ACS Style

Hassan El-Ramady; Neama Abdalla; Heba Elbasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry; Tamer Elsakhawy; Alaa El-Dein Omara; Megahed Amer; Yousry Bayoumi; Tarek A. Shalaby; Yahya Eid; Muhammad Zia-Ur- Rehman. Nano-biofortification of different crops to immune against COVID-19: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021, 222, 112500 -112500.

AMA Style

Hassan El-Ramady, Neama Abdalla, Heba Elbasiouny, Fathy Elbehiry, Tamer Elsakhawy, Alaa El-Dein Omara, Megahed Amer, Yousry Bayoumi, Tarek A. Shalaby, Yahya Eid, Muhammad Zia-Ur- Rehman. Nano-biofortification of different crops to immune against COVID-19: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2021; 222 ():112500-112500.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hassan El-Ramady; Neama Abdalla; Heba Elbasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry; Tamer Elsakhawy; Alaa El-Dein Omara; Megahed Amer; Yousry Bayoumi; Tarek A. Shalaby; Yahya Eid; Muhammad Zia-Ur- Rehman. 2021. "Nano-biofortification of different crops to immune against COVID-19: A review." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 222, no. : 112500-112500.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2021 in Animals
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Dietary egg lysozyme has beneficial roles in the growth performance and health conditions of animals. The study was performed using 90 multicolored rabbits in three groups (each replicate with thirty rabbits). In the control group, rabbits were fed a diet without zinc bacitracin (ZnB) or egg lysozyme, while the second and third groups were treated with ZnB and lysozyme additive at 100 mg/kg, respectively. After eight weeks, the final weight and body weight gain (BWG) of rabbits fed dietary egg lysozyme and ZnB additives were meaningfully increased (p< 0.05). Nevertheless, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was markedly decreased by dietary egg lysozyme and ZnB (p< 0.05). Interestingly, dietary egg lysozyme resulted in higher final weight and BWG and lower FCR than rabbits treated with ZnB (p< 0.05). Rabbits treated with egg lysozyme and ZnB additives had markedly lower populations of Clostridium spp. and Escherichia coli (p< 0.05) compared with the control. However, the counts of Lactobacillus and total bacteria were meaningfully increased in the the intestines of rabbits treated with egg lysozyme and ZnB (p< 0.05). The blood total protein and globulin of rabbits fed dietary egg lysozyme and ZnB additives were meaningfully increased (p< 0.05). Blood creatinine was significantly lowered by dietary egg lysozyme compared with the control and ZnB-treated rabbits (p< 0.05). The levels of blood urea, ALT, and AST were markedly lowered (p< 0.05) by dietary egg lysozyme and ZnB. The gene expressions of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the liver of rabbits fed dietary egg lysozyme and ZnB additives were markedly upregulated (p< 0.05) compared with the control. Dietary egg lysozyme resulted in higher expression of SOD1 and GPX genes than rabbits treated with ZnB (p< 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of egg lysozyme could replace the inclusion of ZnB in the diets of rabbits.

ACS Style

Mahmoud El-Deep; Khairy Amber; Yahia Eid; Salama Aboelenin; Mohamed Soliman; Mohamed Sakr; Mahmoud Dawood. The Influence of Chicken Egg Lysozyme or Zinc-Bacitracin Antibiotic on the Growth Performance, Antibacterial Capacity, Blood Profiles, and Antioxidative Status of Rabbits: A Comparative Study. Animals 2021, 11, 1731 .

AMA Style

Mahmoud El-Deep, Khairy Amber, Yahia Eid, Salama Aboelenin, Mohamed Soliman, Mohamed Sakr, Mahmoud Dawood. The Influence of Chicken Egg Lysozyme or Zinc-Bacitracin Antibiotic on the Growth Performance, Antibacterial Capacity, Blood Profiles, and Antioxidative Status of Rabbits: A Comparative Study. Animals. 2021; 11 (6):1731.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahmoud El-Deep; Khairy Amber; Yahia Eid; Salama Aboelenin; Mohamed Soliman; Mohamed Sakr; Mahmoud Dawood. 2021. "The Influence of Chicken Egg Lysozyme or Zinc-Bacitracin Antibiotic on the Growth Performance, Antibacterial Capacity, Blood Profiles, and Antioxidative Status of Rabbits: A Comparative Study." Animals 11, no. 6: 1731.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2021 in Sustainability
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As the world population increases, there will be an increase in demand for poultry meat. To satisfy this requirement, sustainably will be a significant challenge as different countries in the world face different health problems. Additionally, for decades, poultry nutritionists have worked on sustainability in broiler manufacturing plants. The usage of short- and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which have positive effects as growth promoters and immunostimulants, is a pioneering way to decrease the cost of diets and improve environmentally friendly and sustainable production in this critical era. This study aimed at evaluating the influences of alpha-monoglyceride (alpha-monolaurin) on the growth performance, biochemical parameters, lipid profiles, liver oxidative stress, and immune response in broilers. Alpha-monolaurin was included at the levels of 0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg in broiler diets. After 33 days, dietary supplementation of alpha-monolaurin showed no impact on the feed intake; however, broilers fed 0.5 g/kg feed displayed a significantly reduced food conversion ratio, as compared to the control (p ≤ 0.05). However, body weight and body weight gain tended to increase after 0.25 g/kg alpha-monolaurin supplementation, as compared to other groups. The highest European production efficiency factor (EPEF) was obtained with 0.25 g/kg alpha-monolaurin supplementation. The ether extract utilization and spleen weight were improved substantially (p ≤ 0.05) by alpha-monolaurin supplementation, but muscle and other organ weights were not affected. Plasma alanine transaminase (ALT) was decreased significantly by alpha-monolaurin supplementation, while plasma total protein and albumin were enhanced (p ≤ 0.05). Interestingly, broilers fed alpha-monolaurin displayed an increased antibody titer of the Newcastle disease (ND) virus and muscle unsaturated fatty acid content, and a decreased liver content of malondialdehyde (MDA). It could be assumed that dietary supplementation of alpha-monolaurin positively impacts birds’ feed efficiency and immune response and can be applied as a natural immune enhancer in the broiler industry.

ACS Style

Ahmed Saleh; Bahaa El-Gharabawy; Aziza Hassan; Nemat Badawi; Yahya Eid; Shaimaa Selim; Mustafa Shukry; Mahmoud Dawood. Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Alpha-Monolaurin on the Growth Performance, Lipid Peroxidation, and Immunity Response in Broilers. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5231 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Saleh, Bahaa El-Gharabawy, Aziza Hassan, Nemat Badawi, Yahya Eid, Shaimaa Selim, Mustafa Shukry, Mahmoud Dawood. Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Alpha-Monolaurin on the Growth Performance, Lipid Peroxidation, and Immunity Response in Broilers. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5231.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Saleh; Bahaa El-Gharabawy; Aziza Hassan; Nemat Badawi; Yahya Eid; Shaimaa Selim; Mustafa Shukry; Mahmoud Dawood. 2021. "Effect of Dietary Inclusion of Alpha-Monolaurin on the Growth Performance, Lipid Peroxidation, and Immunity Response in Broilers." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5231.

Journal article
Published: 05 April 2021 in Animals
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This experiment was conducted to assess the inclusion of the by-products of pomegranate peels to ameliorate the harmful impacts of oxidative stress in the pre-peak period of laying hens. For this, 120 local Egyptian strain hens (Inshas hens) aged 24 weeks old were used in four treatments. Pomegranate peel powder was included at 2% and 4% in the diets of laying hens subjected to oxidative injuries induced by dexamethasone compared with negative and positive control groups for 12 weeks. The addition of pomegranate peel powder (PPP) reduced the adverse effects of oxidative stress induced by dexamethasone on body weight (p = 0.006) and egg production (p = 0.010) comparing to the positive control. Additionally, pomegranate peel powder had a significant positive lowering effect on plasma cholesterol (p < 0.001) and triglyceride contents (p = 0.005) compared to control groups. The lipid peroxidation indicators (MDA) were reduced, but the antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) and total antioxidant blood capacity were improved with PPP. Based on the obtained data, the present research recommends using dietary PPP up to 4% to mitigate adverse oxidative stress effects in the pre-peak laying period and as a sustainable and economical approach for agricultural development.

ACS Style

Yahya Eid; Abeer Kirrella; Ahmed Tolba; Maged El-Deeb; Samy Sayed; Hanan El-Sawy; Mustafa Shukry; Mahmoud Dawood. Dietary Pomegranate By-Product Alleviated the Oxidative Stress Induced by Dexamethasone in Laying Hens in the Pre-Peak Period. Animals 2021, 11, 1022 .

AMA Style

Yahya Eid, Abeer Kirrella, Ahmed Tolba, Maged El-Deeb, Samy Sayed, Hanan El-Sawy, Mustafa Shukry, Mahmoud Dawood. Dietary Pomegranate By-Product Alleviated the Oxidative Stress Induced by Dexamethasone in Laying Hens in the Pre-Peak Period. Animals. 2021; 11 (4):1022.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yahya Eid; Abeer Kirrella; Ahmed Tolba; Maged El-Deeb; Samy Sayed; Hanan El-Sawy; Mustafa Shukry; Mahmoud Dawood. 2021. "Dietary Pomegranate By-Product Alleviated the Oxidative Stress Induced by Dexamethasone in Laying Hens in the Pre-Peak Period." Animals 11, no. 4: 1022.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2021 in Sustainability
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The practical usage of untraditional feedstuffs such as sunflower meal (SFM) in laying hens nutrition in developing countries has received considerable attention. SFM is a by-product of the sunflower oil industry and has been progressively added to bird’s diets. Sunflower meal (SFM) is gaining great interest as a feed ingredient due to its eminent crude protein content, low anti-nutritional compounds, and low price. The current experiment was aimed to assess the production efficiency, egg quality, yolk fatty acids composition, and nutrient digestibility of laying hens fed SFM. A total of 162 Bovans Brown laying hens aged 60 weeks old were randomly allocated using a completely randomized design into three experimental groups of nine replicates each (n = six/replicate) for eight weeks. The dietary treatments involved a control (basal diet) and two levels of SFM, 50 and 100 g/kg feed. The dietary treatments did not influence live weight gain, feed intake, and egg mass. On one hand, the laying rate was increased; on the other hand, the feed conversion ratio and broken eggs rate of laying hens were decreased (p < 0.05) by the dietary inclusion of SFM. Dietary treatments had no effect on the egg’s quality characteristics except the yolk color and yolk height were larger (p = 0.01) for laying hens fed SFM compared with those fed the control. Dietary inclusion of SFM decreased (p < 0.05) the content of cholesterol in the egg yolk. Still, it increased the yolk contents of vitamin E, calcium, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and oleic acid (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the dietary inclusion of SFM increased crude protein and calcium digestibility, but decreased the ether extract digestibility. In conclusion, our results suggested that the dietary inclusion of SFM, up to 100 g/kg at a late phase of laying, could improve the production performance, some of the egg quality traits, and nutrient digestibility while decreasing egg yolk cholesterol.

ACS Style

Ahmed Saleh; Ahmed El-Awady; Khairy Amber; Yahya Eid; Mohammed Alzawqari; Shaimaa Selim; Mohamed Soliman; Mustafa Shukry. Effects of Sunflower Meal Supplementation as a Complementary Protein Source in the Laying Hen’s Diet on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, and Nutrient Digestibility. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3557 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Saleh, Ahmed El-Awady, Khairy Amber, Yahya Eid, Mohammed Alzawqari, Shaimaa Selim, Mohamed Soliman, Mustafa Shukry. Effects of Sunflower Meal Supplementation as a Complementary Protein Source in the Laying Hen’s Diet on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, and Nutrient Digestibility. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (6):3557.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Saleh; Ahmed El-Awady; Khairy Amber; Yahya Eid; Mohammed Alzawqari; Shaimaa Selim; Mohamed Soliman; Mustafa Shukry. 2021. "Effects of Sunflower Meal Supplementation as a Complementary Protein Source in the Laying Hen’s Diet on Productive Performance, Egg Quality, and Nutrient Digestibility." Sustainability 13, no. 6: 3557.

Original article
Published: 23 December 2019 in Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition
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In this study, we investigated the effect of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) supplements on the performance, ileal microbiota carcass traits and biochemical and antioxidant parameters of broiler chickens. MOL was added to starter, grower and finisher diets at four levels (0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 5.0%). A total of 320 one‐day‐old mixed‐sex Cobb‐500 broiler chicks were divided equally into four treatment groups, with 5 replicates of 16 chicks each until 42 days of age. Compared to the control group, chicks fed 0.5% and 1% MOL exhibited a higher final body weight (FBW), greater weight gain (BWG), and better average daily gain (ADG). Feed intake (FI) gradually decreased as the inclusion rate of MOL in the broilers' diet increased to 5%. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and performance index (PI) were observed in broilers that were fed the MOL diet. The percentage of abdominal fat in broilers decreased significantly in response to dietary supplementation with MOL. The haematological profile in the MOL group revealed a lower WBC count and lymphocyte percentage but higher heterophil and H/L ratio without affecting haemoglobin and RBC count. The inclusion of MOL increased total serum protein, Ca and P levels but decreased glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, AST and ALT concentrations. Moreover, dietary MOL increased the activities of GSH, CAT and SOD, GPx and GST while decreasing the TBARS level. The pH value decreased in the ileum of broilers fed the 1% and 5% MOL diet compared to the other treatments. Decreased ileal counts of E. coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus spp. were observed whereas the total ileal Lactobacillus spp. count increased in broilers fed the MOL diet. In conclusion, the MOL supplement can enhance growth performance and antioxidant status, alter ileal microbiota and protect against enteropathogens with no deleterious effects on the broiler chickens.

ACS Style

Salma H. Abu Hafsa; Salam A. Ibrahim; Yahya Z. Eid; Ayman A. Hassan. Effect of dietaryMoringa oleiferaleaves on the performance, ileal microbiota and antioxidative status of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2019, 104, 529 -538.

AMA Style

Salma H. Abu Hafsa, Salam A. Ibrahim, Yahya Z. Eid, Ayman A. Hassan. Effect of dietaryMoringa oleiferaleaves on the performance, ileal microbiota and antioxidative status of broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2019; 104 (2):529-538.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salma H. Abu Hafsa; Salam A. Ibrahim; Yahya Z. Eid; Ayman A. Hassan. 2019. "Effect of dietaryMoringa oleiferaleaves on the performance, ileal microbiota and antioxidative status of broiler chickens." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 104, no. 2: 529-538.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2014 in The Journal of Poultry Science
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ACS Style

Mahmoud H. El-Deep; Daichi Ijiri; Yahya Eid; Hisaya Yamanaka; Akira Ohtsuka. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Aspergillus Awamori on Growth Performance and Antioxidative Status of Broiler Chickens Exposed to High Ambient Temperature. The Journal of Poultry Science 2014, 51, 281 -288.

AMA Style

Mahmoud H. El-Deep, Daichi Ijiri, Yahya Eid, Hisaya Yamanaka, Akira Ohtsuka. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Aspergillus Awamori on Growth Performance and Antioxidative Status of Broiler Chickens Exposed to High Ambient Temperature. The Journal of Poultry Science. 2014; 51 (3):281-288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahmoud H. El-Deep; Daichi Ijiri; Yahya Eid; Hisaya Yamanaka; Akira Ohtsuka. 2014. "Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Aspergillus Awamori on Growth Performance and Antioxidative Status of Broiler Chickens Exposed to High Ambient Temperature." The Journal of Poultry Science 51, no. 3: 281-288.

Comparative study
Published: 31 January 2012 in British Journal of Nutrition
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The present study was conducted to show that dietary supplementation with a fungus, Aspergillus awamori, modifies muscle fatty acid profiles in broiler chickens. A total of thirty chicks, selected from a group of 100 chicks aged 15 d, were divided into a control group and two treatment groups (ten birds per treatment). The control group was fed a basal diet, and the treatment groups were fed basal diets supplemented with A. awamori at levels of 0·05 and 0·2 %. From the start of the study at 15 d, the birds were raised for an additional 12 d, and growth and the muscle fatty acid profile were evaluated. Although feed intake was decreased by the fungus, body-weight gain and breast muscle weight were increased, and thus, feed efficiency was improved. Abdominal fat and plasma cholesterol and TAG were decreased, while plasma HDL-cholesterol and breast muscle fat content were increased. Interestingly, muscle α-tocopherol content was increased and muscle thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were decreased by A. awamori. Furthermore, there was an observed decrease in SFA and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids in the muscle fat due to the fungus feeding. The mRNA of fatty acid synthase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and Δ-6 desaturase in the muscle were all increased, while the mRNA of 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A were decreased by the fungus. In conclusion, the present study clearly shows that the muscle lipid profile could be modified by the addition of A. awamori to the diet.

ACS Style

Ahmed A. Saleh; Yahya Z. Eid; Tarek A. Ebeid; Akira Ohtsuka; Kumiko Hioki; Masahiro Yamamoto; Kunioki Hayashi. The modification of the muscle fatty acid profile by dietary supplementation with Aspergillus awamori in broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition 2012, 108, 1596 -1602.

AMA Style

Ahmed A. Saleh, Yahya Z. Eid, Tarek A. Ebeid, Akira Ohtsuka, Kumiko Hioki, Masahiro Yamamoto, Kunioki Hayashi. The modification of the muscle fatty acid profile by dietary supplementation with Aspergillus awamori in broiler chickens. British Journal of Nutrition. 2012; 108 (9):1596-1602.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed A. Saleh; Yahya Z. Eid; Tarek A. Ebeid; Akira Ohtsuka; Kumiko Hioki; Masahiro Yamamoto; Kunioki Hayashi. 2012. "The modification of the muscle fatty acid profile by dietary supplementation with Aspergillus awamori in broiler chickens." British Journal of Nutrition 108, no. 9: 1596-1602.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2012 in Animal Science Journal
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This study was conducted to show that dietary supplementation of a fungus, Aspergillus awamori called Koji in Japan, reduces skeletal muscle protein breakdown and stimulates growth in broiler chickens. A total of 30 chicks at 15 days of age was divided into control and two treatment groups (10 birds per treatment). Control group was fed basal diet and treatment groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with A. awamori at levels of 0.05% and 0.2%. The birds were raised for 12 days from 15 to 27 days of age and then the effect on growth, organ weights and plasma 3‐methylhistidine concentration and digestibilities of protein and energy was evaluated. The messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of atrogin‐1, ubiquitin, proteasome, m‐calpain, µ‐calpain, β‐actin, myosin and pax‐7 in the breast muscle were also measured. Body weight gain and breast muscle weight were increased, although feed intake was decreased by the fungus and thus feed efficiency was increased. Protein and energy digestibilities were increased. Furthermore, plasma 3‐methylhistidine concentration was decreased by the fungus. The mRNAs of atrogin‐1, ubiquitin, proteasome, m‐calpain and µ‐calpain were all decreased. The mRNA of β‐actin but not myosin and pax‐7 was slightly increased by the fungus. In conclusion, feeding A. awamori improves growth performance because skeletal muscle proteolytic activity is reduced and digestibilities of energy and protein are increased.

ACS Style

Ahmed A. Saleh; Yahya Eid; Tarek Ebeid; Akira Ohtsuka; Masahiro Yamamoto; Kunioki Hayashi. Feeding Aspergillus awamori reduces skeletal muscle protein breakdown and stimulates growth in broilers. Animal Science Journal 2012, 83, 594 -598.

AMA Style

Ahmed A. Saleh, Yahya Eid, Tarek Ebeid, Akira Ohtsuka, Masahiro Yamamoto, Kunioki Hayashi. Feeding Aspergillus awamori reduces skeletal muscle protein breakdown and stimulates growth in broilers. Animal Science Journal. 2012; 83 (8):594-598.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed A. Saleh; Yahya Eid; Tarek Ebeid; Akira Ohtsuka; Masahiro Yamamoto; Kunioki Hayashi. 2012. "Feeding Aspergillus awamori reduces skeletal muscle protein breakdown and stimulates growth in broilers." Animal Science Journal 83, no. 8: 594-598.

Journal article
Published: 19 July 2011 in Czech Journal of Animal Science
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The objective of the present study was to research the effects of different supplemented dietary sources of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) to produce n-3 enriched meat on growth performance, meat quality, serum antioxidative status, immune response and tibia bone characteristics in Japanese quail. Three hundred 1-day-old Japanese quail chicks were randomly weighed and divided into five dietary treatments containing 0% oil (C, negative control), 2% vegetable oil (VO, positive control), 2% linseed oil (LO), 2% fish oil (FO) and a mixture of 1% linseed oil +1% fish oil (LO+FO). Body weight and feed consumption were recorded. Fatty acid profile, cholesterol content, chemical composition and physical characteristics of breast meat were determined. Serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity and total antioxidant capacity were measured. No negative effects were detected in live weight, feed consumption and physical characteristics of meat. The incorporation of n-3 PUFA in the meat proved to be successful when different sources of n-3 PUFA were used. The supplementation of n-3 PUFA caused a significant decrease in TBARS values and a significant increase in both the GSH-Px activity and total antioxidant capacity. Interestingly, the inclusion of n-3 PUFA in quail diets enhanced the antibody titre and bone morphological characteristics. Therefore, it can be concluded that the inclusion of n-3 PUFA in diets at moderate levels increased the n-3PUFA content in meat, improved the antioxidative status, reduced lipid peroxidation, enhanced the antibody response and bone morphological characteristics and did not have any negative influence on physical characteristics of meat and growth performance in Japanese quail.

ACS Style

T. Ebeid; A. Fayoud; S. Abou El-Soud; Y. Eid; M. El-Habbak. The effect of omega-3 enriched meat production on lipid peroxidation, antioxidative status, immune response and tibia bone characteristics in Japanese quail  . Czech Journal of Animal Science 2011, 56, 314 -324.

AMA Style

T. Ebeid, A. Fayoud, S. Abou El-Soud, Y. Eid, M. El-Habbak. The effect of omega-3 enriched meat production on lipid peroxidation, antioxidative status, immune response and tibia bone characteristics in Japanese quail  . Czech Journal of Animal Science. 2011; 56 (No. 7):314-324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T. Ebeid; A. Fayoud; S. Abou El-Soud; Y. Eid; M. El-Habbak. 2011. "The effect of omega-3 enriched meat production on lipid peroxidation, antioxidative status, immune response and tibia bone characteristics in Japanese quail  ." Czech Journal of Animal Science 56, no. No. 7: 314-324.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2011 in The Journal of Poultry Science
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ACS Style

Ahmed A. Saleh; Yahya Eid; Tarek Ebeid; Tomomi Kamizono; Akira Ohtsuka; Kunioki Hayashi. Effects of Feeding Aspergillus Awamori and Aspergillus Niger on Growth Performance and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens. The Journal of Poultry Science 2011, 48, 201 -206.

AMA Style

Ahmed A. Saleh, Yahya Eid, Tarek Ebeid, Tomomi Kamizono, Akira Ohtsuka, Kunioki Hayashi. Effects of Feeding Aspergillus Awamori and Aspergillus Niger on Growth Performance and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens. The Journal of Poultry Science. 2011; 48 (3):201-206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed A. Saleh; Yahya Eid; Tarek Ebeid; Tomomi Kamizono; Akira Ohtsuka; Kunioki Hayashi. 2011. "Effects of Feeding Aspergillus Awamori and Aspergillus Niger on Growth Performance and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens." The Journal of Poultry Science 48, no. 3: 201-206.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2010 in World Rabbit Science
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The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of dietary grape pomace (GP) on certain characteristics, mainly lipid peroxidation and the antioxidative status of rabbit buck semen. Twenty seven adult New Zealand White rabbit bucks (6 months of age) were divided into three homogeneous groups (n=9) and randomly submitted to one of the three investigated dietary treatments. Animals in the fi rst treatment (control) group were given the basal diet. The diets of the second (GP-10) and third (GP-20) treatment groups contained 10 and 20% of GP, respectively. Bucks received the experimental diets for 10 continuous weeks. GP did not appear to have any signifi cant effect on body weight gain. Bucks receiving 10 or 20% dietary GP had a higher semen volume, 32% above that of rabbits in the control group (P<0.05). The same trend was observed for sperm count. Dietary GP reduced the percentage of dead sperm and enhanced sperm motility. Interestingly, GP reduced lipid peroxidation in seminal plasma as indicated by TBARS, and significantly increased both the total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity (P<0.05). In conclusion, the use of antioxidant dietary fi bers rich in functional nutraceuticals (such as GP) may decrease lipid peroxidation and increase the antioxidative defense of rabbit semen.

ACS Style

Yahya Eid. Dietary grape pomace affects lipid peroxidation and antioxidative status in rabbit semen. World Rabbit Science 2010, 16, 1 .

AMA Style

Yahya Eid. Dietary grape pomace affects lipid peroxidation and antioxidative status in rabbit semen. World Rabbit Science. 2010; 16 (3):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yahya Eid. 2010. "Dietary grape pomace affects lipid peroxidation and antioxidative status in rabbit semen." World Rabbit Science 16, no. 3: 1.

Comparative study
Published: 15 April 2008 in Theriogenology
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The present study is an attempt to shed more light on the role of epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NE) in regulating ovarian follicular development, folliculogenesis and ovulation in laying hens. Sixty Egyptian local cross females (Mandarah), 50 weeks old, were individually housed and equally divided into three treatments: control (saline, 0.9% NaCl), EP (0.15 mg epinephrine/hen/day) and NE (0.75 mg norepinephrine/hen/day) ( n = 20). Animals were injected intramuscularly once a day for 15 successive days. At the end of the experimental period, 10 females from each treatment were randomly chosen, weighed and killed by decapitation. Ovaries and oviducts and ovarian follicles were examined. Plasma concentrations of estradiol-17β, progesterone, zinc and triglyceride were determined. Results indicated that the ovaries of NE- and EP-treated hens were more developed than those of control hens being heavier and containing more yellow yolk-filled follicles. EP or NE significantly increased the ovulation rate and plasma concentrations of estradiol-17β, progesterone, zinc and triglyceride compared with control treatment. It could be concluded that catecholamines may have a part in promoting ovarian follicular development and in stimulating ovulation in laying hens at the end of their reproductive lives. Keywords Epinephrine Folliculogenesis Norepinephrine Ovarian follicles Ovulation 1 Introduction Chicken ovaries contain thousands of cortical follicles (less than 1 mm in diameter), hundreds of white follicles (1–5 mm in diameter), five or six small yellow follicles (SYF; 5–8 mm in diameter) and five or six preovulatory follicles (10–35 mm in diameter), arranged in a hierarchy [1,2] . A single follicle is selected each day from the pool of SYF to join the exclusive group of preovulatory follicles destined for ovulation [1] . The weight gain of the largest follicle (F 1 ) and second largest one (F 2 ) of the chicken increases rapidly between 11 and 18 h before ovulation and declines between 1 and 8 h before ovulation which is associated with increased and decreased accumulation of the yolk precursors at these respective times [1] . Yolk accumulation in the ovarian follicle of the laying hen (folliculogenesis) is regulated by a receptor-mediated endocytosis of plasma yolk precursors, vitellogenin and very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) [1,3] . They are synthesized in the liver under positive regulation of estrogen [1,3] . Indeed, norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EP) function as neurotransmitters and hormones in the chicken. Both NE and EP bind to α- and β-receptor sites, which have greater relative sensitivity to EP than to NE [4] . In the hypothalamus, an involvement of catecholamines in the preovulatory gonadotropin surge via regulating GnRH neurons within the brain has been proposed for many years. Specifically, an α-adrenergic mechanism is implicated in the stimulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) release and ovulation [5,6] . It was stated that an enhanced secretion of GnRH from the median eminence, possibly associated with an increased activity of catecholaminergic neurons, is a prerequisite for the preovulatory release of LH in the hen [5] . Lee et al. [7] confirmed the presence of α-adrenergic receptor immuno-reactivity in GnRH-containing neurons. Anatomical studies proved that the avian median eminence is well supplied with NE fibers and terminals [8] . The association of adrenergic stimulation with gonadotropin secretion is in agreement with several lines of evidence in vitro ; the release of chicken GnRH from cultured hypothalamic tissue was stimulated by NE [9] . Therefore, the existing evidence supports the involvement of catecholamines in the central control of GnRH and LH release in avian species. In mammals, substantial evidences support the view that catecholaminergic mechanisms in the ovary are involved in regulation of ovarian functions [10,11] . Norepinephrine was reported to modulate ovarian steroidogenesis [10,12] and to promote ovarian follicular development [13] . These effects of norepinephrine are probably mediated by adrenergic receptors located in the ovary [10,11,14] . In avian species as well as mammals, the ovary is well innervated by both adrenergic and cholinergic fibers [15–17] . Bahr et al. [18] indicated that a significant elevation in NE and EP content were found only in the theca layer of the F 1 follicle at 6 h before ovulation, the time of the reported LH surge [19] . Since this elevation in catecholamines occurs only in the follicle destined to ovulate and during the preovulatory LH surge, this observation suggests that catecholamines may have some role in ovulation. Previous studies supported this hypothesis [20–23] . Moudgal and Razdan [20] reported that ovulation of the F 1 follicle in vitro is induced by incubation with NE or EP, whereas addition of an α-adrenergic blocking agent prevented ovulation. Moreover, Yoshimura et al. [21] showed that EP and NE induced contractions of the follicular wall and that spontaneous contractions of the inner layer were inhibited by the introduction of an α-adrenergic blocker (dibenamine) but not by a β-adrenergic blocker (propranolol). The role of catecholamines in ovarian follicular development of the domestic hen has not been examined in detail; therefore, the present study is an attempt to shed more light on the role of EP and NE in regulating ovarian follicular development, folliculogenesis, and ovulation in laying hens. 2 Materials and methods 2.1 Animals and experimental design A total of sixty 50-week-old laying hens (Egyptian local cross, Mandarah) weighing 1.750 ± 0.150 kg, were housed individually in cages in an open-sided building under a 16 h light:8 h dark lighting schedule (starting at 06:00 h). We used birds near to culling stage (50 weeks) to study whether catecholamines can enhance egg production via...

ACS Style

Tarek Ebeid; Y.Z. Eid; E.A. El-Abd; M.M. El-Habbak. Effects of catecholamines on ovary morphology, blood concentrations of estradiol-17β, progesterone, zinc, triglycerides and rate of ovulation in domestic hens. Theriogenology 2008, 69, 870 -876.

AMA Style

Tarek Ebeid, Y.Z. Eid, E.A. El-Abd, M.M. El-Habbak. Effects of catecholamines on ovary morphology, blood concentrations of estradiol-17β, progesterone, zinc, triglycerides and rate of ovulation in domestic hens. Theriogenology. 2008; 69 (7):870-876.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tarek Ebeid; Y.Z. Eid; E.A. El-Abd; M.M. El-Habbak. 2008. "Effects of catecholamines on ovary morphology, blood concentrations of estradiol-17β, progesterone, zinc, triglycerides and rate of ovulation in domestic hens." Theriogenology 69, no. 7: 870-876.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2008 in Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture
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The objective of the present study is to research the effect of dietary vitamin E (Vit E) on laying performance, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative status in laying hens under experimentally induced oxidative stress conditions via Dexamethasone (DEX) administration. A total of 60 Egyptian local strain (Gimmizah) laying hens at 36 weeks of age were housed in individual cages in an open-sided building under a 16 hr light: 8 hr dark lighting schedule. The birds were randomly divided into four experimentally treatments: DEX (4 mg/hen/day); Vit. E (200 mg/kg diet); DEX+Vit. E (4 mg/hen/day+ 200 mg/kg diet respectively); and control (n= 15). The birds were provided with commercial feed and water ad libitum. All treatments lasted for 7 successive days. Oxidative stress induced by DEX injections significantly reduced egg production and egg weight. Vit. E alleviated this reduction when supplemented to the stress-induced hens, compared to DEX treatment. A high level of yolk lipid oxidation was associated with oxidative stress treatment and it was reduced by Vit E supplementation. It could be concluded that supernutritional levels of Vit E (200 mg/kg diet) may contribute in enhancing laying performance and antioxidative status of laying hens under stress conditions.

ACS Style

Yahya Eid; Tarek Ebeid; M. Moawad; M. El-Habbak. Reduction of Dexamethasone-Induced Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation in Laying Hens by Dietary Vitamin E Supplementation. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 2008, 20, 28 -40.

AMA Style

Yahya Eid, Tarek Ebeid, M. Moawad, M. El-Habbak. Reduction of Dexamethasone-Induced Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation in Laying Hens by Dietary Vitamin E Supplementation. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture. 2008; 20 (2):28-40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yahya Eid; Tarek Ebeid; M. Moawad; M. El-Habbak. 2008. "Reduction of Dexamethasone-Induced Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation in Laying Hens by Dietary Vitamin E Supplementation." Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 20, no. 2: 28-40.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2008 in Animal
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The objective of the present study was to research the effect of feeding laying hens fish oil-supplemented diets to produce n-3-enriched eggs on their ovarian follicular development, serum lipid peroxidation, antioxidative status and immune response. A total of 105 white Bovens hens at 24 weeks of age were housed in cages in an open-sided building under a 16 h light : 8 h dark lighting schedule. Birds were randomly divided into five treatments and were fed, ad libitum, diets containing 0% (control), 1.25%, 2.5%, 3.5% or 5.0% fish oil from 24 to 36 weeks of age. Egg production and weight were recorded. By weeks 35 and 36 of age 15 eggs were taken at random from each treatment to determine the yolk lipid profile and cholesterol content. At the end of the experimental period, 10 females from each treatment were randomly chosen, anaesthetised and killed by decapitation. Ovary and oviduct samples were immediately weighted and ovarian follicles were classified. Serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS), hepatic TBARS and hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity were measured. No clear trend was observed concerning egg production and egg yolk cholesterol. As dietary fish oil levels increased, n-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) increased, whereas n-6 PUFA tended to decrease in yolk lipids. No negative effects were detected in ovary and oviduct weights, expressed in both absolute terms and relative to body weight. The numbers and total weights of large yellow follicles (LYF) in the ovary were not significantly affected by fish oil supplementation. Low levels (1.25% to 2.5%) of fish oil reduced both plasma and hepatic TBARS and enhanced GSH-Px activity. It is also interesting to note that inclusion of 2.5% fish oil in laying hen diets enhanced the antibody titre in laying hens. Therefore, it could be concluded that inclusion of fish oil in laying hen diets at moderate levels increased the n-3 fatty acids content in eggs, improved antioxidative status, enhanced the antibody response and did not have a negative influence on the different reproductive morphology parameters in laying hens.

ACS Style

Tarek Ebeid; Yahya Eid; A. Saleh; H. Abd El-Hamid. Ovarian follicular development, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative status and immune response in laying hens fed fish oil-supplemented diets to produce n-3-enriched eggs. Animal 2008, 2, 84 -91.

AMA Style

Tarek Ebeid, Yahya Eid, A. Saleh, H. Abd El-Hamid. Ovarian follicular development, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative status and immune response in laying hens fed fish oil-supplemented diets to produce n-3-enriched eggs. Animal. 2008; 2 (1):84-91.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tarek Ebeid; Yahya Eid; A. Saleh; H. Abd El-Hamid. 2008. "Ovarian follicular development, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative status and immune response in laying hens fed fish oil-supplemented diets to produce n-3-enriched eggs." Animal 2, no. 1: 84-91.

Controlled clinical trial
Published: 01 June 2006 in British Poultry Science
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1. We examined the effects of supplemental dietary vitamin E (Vit E) on semen quality and antioxidative status in male domestic fowls exposed to oxidative stress induced by synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX) injection. 2. Thirty-six Egyptian local cross males, 42 weeks old, were housed individually in cages in an open-sided building under 16 h light:8 h dark and were provided with commercial feed and water ad libitum. Birds were divided into 4 groups: DEX (4 mg/bird/d), Vit E (200 mg/kg diet), DEX + Vit E (4 mg/bird/d + 200 mg/kg diet, respectively) and control, n = 9. All treatments lasted for 7 continuous days. 3. Oxidative stress induced by injection of DEX (4 mg/bird/d) resulted in decreased sperm count and motility correlated with an increased percentage of dead sperms. Vit E (200 mg/kg diet) enhanced sperm count and viability when supplemented to stress-induced birds, compared to DEX treatment alone. 4. In seminal plasma, low calcium concentration, high lipid peroxidation and reduced activity of glutathione peroxidase were associated with the oxidative stress. Vit E reduced lipid peroxidation in the seminal plasma. 5. In conclusion, excessive supplemental dietary Vit E improved semen quality when cockerels were subjected to stress conditions. It increased both sperm count and motility, reduced the percentage of dead sperm and enhanced the antioxidative status of seminal plasma.

ACS Style

Y. Eid; Tarek Ebeid; H. Younis. Vitamin E supplementation reduces dexamethasone-induced oxidative stress in chicken semen. British Poultry Science 2006, 47, 350 -356.

AMA Style

Y. Eid, Tarek Ebeid, H. Younis. Vitamin E supplementation reduces dexamethasone-induced oxidative stress in chicken semen. British Poultry Science. 2006; 47 (3):350-356.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Y. Eid; Tarek Ebeid; H. Younis. 2006. "Vitamin E supplementation reduces dexamethasone-induced oxidative stress in chicken semen." British Poultry Science 47, no. 3: 350-356.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2006 in The Journal of Poultry Science
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Sabriea B. Abou El-Soud; Tarek Ebeid; Yahya Eid. Physiological and Antioxidative Effects of Dietary Acetyl Salicylic Acid in Laying Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) under High Ambient Temperature. The Journal of Poultry Science 2006, 43, 255 -265.

AMA Style

Sabriea B. Abou El-Soud, Tarek Ebeid, Yahya Eid. Physiological and Antioxidative Effects of Dietary Acetyl Salicylic Acid in Laying Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) under High Ambient Temperature. The Journal of Poultry Science. 2006; 43 (3):255-265.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sabriea B. Abou El-Soud; Tarek Ebeid; Yahya Eid. 2006. "Physiological and Antioxidative Effects of Dietary Acetyl Salicylic Acid in Laying Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) under High Ambient Temperature." The Journal of Poultry Science 43, no. 3: 255-265.

Original articles
Published: 01 March 2003 in British Poultry Science
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1. The effects of dietary polyphenols (PP) on growth and oxidative stress in the corticosterone (CTC)-treated broiler chickens model were studied. 2. Chicks (Cobb strain) were divided into 3 (CTC) × 3 (PP) blocks and given diets containing CTC at concentrations of 0, 10 and 20 mg/kg. 3. The body weight gain was lower when the birds were treated with CTC. However, the high dose of PP tended to reduce the effect of CTC. 4. The abdominal fat content, plasma triglyceride concentration and liver weight were increased by CTC and reduced by PP. 5. Muscle and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were elevated by CTC and these effects were reduced by PP. Plasma CTC concentration was increased by dietary CTC treatment and decreased by PP. 6. In conclusion, our results indicate that PP can minimise growth inhibition, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress induced by CTC treatment in broiler chickens.

ACS Style

Y.Z. Eid; A. Ohtsuka; K. Hayashi. Tea polyphenols reduce glucocorticoid-induced growth inhibition and oxidative stress in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 2003, 44, 127 -132.

AMA Style

Y.Z. Eid, A. Ohtsuka, K. Hayashi. Tea polyphenols reduce glucocorticoid-induced growth inhibition and oxidative stress in broiler chickens. British Poultry Science. 2003; 44 (1):127-132.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Y.Z. Eid; A. Ohtsuka; K. Hayashi. 2003. "Tea polyphenols reduce glucocorticoid-induced growth inhibition and oxidative stress in broiler chickens." British Poultry Science 44, no. 1: 127-132.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2001 in The Journal of Poultry Science
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Yahya Eid; Akira Ohtsuka; Kunioki Hayashi. A Modified Method for Measuring N.TAU.-Methylhistidine in Chiken Feed and Excreta. The Journal of Poultry Science 2001, 38, 354 -357.

AMA Style

Yahya Eid, Akira Ohtsuka, Kunioki Hayashi. A Modified Method for Measuring N.TAU.-Methylhistidine in Chiken Feed and Excreta. The Journal of Poultry Science. 2001; 38 (4):354-357.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yahya Eid; Akira Ohtsuka; Kunioki Hayashi. 2001. "A Modified Method for Measuring N.TAU.-Methylhistidine in Chiken Feed and Excreta." The Journal of Poultry Science 38, no. 4: 354-357.