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Dr. Fathy Elbehiry
Kafrelsheikh University

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Review
Published: 23 August 2021 in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
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The health sector is critical to the well-being of any country, but developing countries have several obstacles that prevent them from providing adequate health care. This became an even larger concern after the COVID-19 outbreak left millions of people dead worldwide and generated huge amounts of infected or potentially infected wastes. The management and disposal of medical wastes during and post-COVID-19 represent a major challenge in all countries, but this challenge is particularly great for developing countries that do not have robust waste disposal infrastructure. The main problems in developing countries include inefficient treatment procedures, limited capacity of healthcare facilities, and improper waste disposal procedures. The management of medical wastes in most developing countries was primitive prior to the pandemic. The improper treatment and disposal of these wastes in our current situation may further speed COVID-19 spread, creating a serious risk for workers in the medical and sanitation fields, patients, and all of society. Therefore, there is a critical need to discuss emerging challenges in handling, treating, and disposing of medical wastes in developing countries during and after the COVID-19 outbreak. There is a need to determine best disposal techniques given the conditions and limitations under which developing countries operate. Several open questions need to be investigated concerning this global issue, such as to what extent developing countries can control the expected environmental impacts of COVID-19, particularly those related to medical wastes? What are the projected management scenarios for medical wastes under the COVID-19 outbreak? And what are the major environmental risks posed by contaminated wastes related to COVID-19 treatment? Studies directed at the questions above, careful planning, the use of large capacity mobile recycling facilities, and following established guidelines for disposal of medical wastes should reduce risk of COVID-19 spread in developing countries.

ACS Style

Hassan El-Ramady; Eric C. Brevik; Heba Elbasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry; Megahed Amer; Tamer Elsakhawy; Alaa El-Dein Omara; Ahmed A. Mosa; Ayman M. El-Ghamry; Neama Abdalla; Szilárd Rezes; Mai Elboraey; Ahmed Ezzat; Yahya Eid. Planning for disposal of COVID-19 pandemic wastes in developing countries: a review of current challenges. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2021, 193, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Hassan El-Ramady, Eric C. Brevik, Heba Elbasiouny, Fathy Elbehiry, Megahed Amer, Tamer Elsakhawy, Alaa El-Dein Omara, Ahmed A. Mosa, Ayman M. El-Ghamry, Neama Abdalla, Szilárd Rezes, Mai Elboraey, Ahmed Ezzat, Yahya Eid. Planning for disposal of COVID-19 pandemic wastes in developing countries: a review of current challenges. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2021; 193 (9):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hassan El-Ramady; Eric C. Brevik; Heba Elbasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry; Megahed Amer; Tamer Elsakhawy; Alaa El-Dein Omara; Ahmed A. Mosa; Ayman M. El-Ghamry; Neama Abdalla; Szilárd Rezes; Mai Elboraey; Ahmed Ezzat; Yahya Eid. 2021. "Planning for disposal of COVID-19 pandemic wastes in developing countries: a review of current challenges." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 193, no. 9: 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 19 July 2021 in Journal of Soils and Sediments
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The availability of potentially toxic elements in the soil is important to evaluate the risk they pose for humans and the broader environment. Implementation of environmental laws, especially in developing countries, makes it necessary to establish background concentrations for contaminants in soil. Soil samples from Aridisols, Entisols, and Vertisols in the northern Nile Delta, Egypt, were taken at three depths and extracted with Mehlich III (M3) reagent to evaluate the availability and potential ecological risk of some emerging contaminants (Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Li, and Se). Concentrations of the studied elements in the 60–90 cm depth soil layer, which were used as background values, showed that Li concentration was highest in Aridisols and Entisols, while Ba had the highest concentration in Vertisols. The contamination status of the soils was addressed by calculating a variety of pollution indices. Vertisols were enriched in the studied elements, while the Aridisols and Entisols were not enriched to moderately enriched (relative to background values). This study provides an effective reference for the local background ‘available’ concentrations of the above-mentioned elements in different soil orders in the Nile Delta. Although many countries in the world built their environmental legislation on (pseudo)total element concentrations, these are not representative of the actual risk, and we recommend the use of M3 extraction and pollution indices to set up guidelines for trace element limits in the soils of Egypt.

ACS Style

Fathy Elbehiry; Heba Elbasiouny; Valérie Cappuyns; Eric C. Brevik. Available concentrations of some potentially toxic and emerging contaminants in different soil orders in Egypt and assessment of soil pollution. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2021, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Fathy Elbehiry, Heba Elbasiouny, Valérie Cappuyns, Eric C. Brevik. Available concentrations of some potentially toxic and emerging contaminants in different soil orders in Egypt and assessment of soil pollution. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2021; ():1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fathy Elbehiry; Heba Elbasiouny; Valérie Cappuyns; Eric C. Brevik. 2021. "Available concentrations of some potentially toxic and emerging contaminants in different soil orders in Egypt and assessment of soil pollution." Journal of Soils and Sediments , no. : 1-18.

Review
Published: 10 July 2021 in Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
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Human health and its improvement are the main target of several studies related to medical, agricultural and industrial sciences. The human health is the primary conclusion of many studies. The improving of human health may include supplying the people with enough and safe nutrients against malnutrition to fight against multiple diseases like COVID-19. Biofortification is a process by which the edible plants can be enriched with essential nutrients for human health against malnutrition. After the great success of biofortification approach in the human struggle against malnutrition, a new biotechnological tool in enriching the crops with essential nutrients in the form of nanoparticles to supplement human diet with balanced diet is called nano-biofortification. Nano biofortification can be achieved by applying the nano particles of essential nutrients (e.g., Cu, Fe, Se and Zn) foliar or their nano-fertilizers in soils or waters. Not all essential nutrients for human nutrition can be biofortified in the nano-form using all edible plants but there are several obstacles prevent this approach. These stumbling blocks are increased due to COVID-19 and its problems including the global trade, global breakdown between countries, and global crisis of food production. The main target of this review was to evaluate the nano-biofortification process and its using against malnutrition as a new approach in the era of COVID-19. This review also opens many questions, which are needed to be answered like is nano-biofortification a promising solution against malnutrition? Is COVID-19 will increase the global crisis of malnutrition? What is the best method of applied nano-nutrients to achieve nano-biofortification? What are the challenges of nano-biofortification during and post of the COVID-19?

ACS Style

Hassan El-Ramady; Neama Abdalla; Heba Elbasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry; Tamer Elsakhawy; Alaa El-Dein Omara; Megahed Amer; Yousry Bayoumi; Tarek A. Shalaby; Yahya Eid; Muhammad Zia-Ur- Rehman. Nano-biofortification of different crops to immune against COVID-19: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021, 222, 112500 -112500.

AMA Style

Hassan El-Ramady, Neama Abdalla, Heba Elbasiouny, Fathy Elbehiry, Tamer Elsakhawy, Alaa El-Dein Omara, Megahed Amer, Yousry Bayoumi, Tarek A. Shalaby, Yahya Eid, Muhammad Zia-Ur- Rehman. Nano-biofortification of different crops to immune against COVID-19: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2021; 222 ():112500-112500.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hassan El-Ramady; Neama Abdalla; Heba Elbasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry; Tamer Elsakhawy; Alaa El-Dein Omara; Megahed Amer; Yousry Bayoumi; Tarek A. Shalaby; Yahya Eid; Muhammad Zia-Ur- Rehman. 2021. "Nano-biofortification of different crops to immune against COVID-19: A review." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 222, no. : 112500-112500.

Journal article
Published: 14 May 2020 in Agriculture
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Soil phosphorus (P) is an essential element that is often limiting in ecosystems. Excessive use of P fertilizers has led to P loss from soil and introduction into the environment. However, the behavior and potential risk assessment of P in alkaline soils is not well studied. Therefore, soil sampling was performed in alkaline soils in the northern Nile Delta, Egypt. Three analytical procedures (i.e., Mehlich 3 (PM3), Olsen (POlsen), and Bray 1 (PBray) solutions) were used to evaluate P availability and potential environmental risk from P loss. Selected soil properties were determined using standard methods. Mean values of P extracted were in the order PM3 > Polsen > PBray, and were significantly correlated with each other. The PM3 was the highest in silt clay loam and lowest in sandy and loamy soils. To predict potential P loss from the soils, degree of P saturation (DPS), soil P storage capacity (SPSC), and P stability ratio (Psat) were calculated. Results showed the highest DPS was recorded in sandy textured soils, indicating that they have lower sorption capacity, whereas the SPSC was highest in silt clay textures; hence, it is likely they would act as a P sink. Psat was highest in sandy soils, which indicated a high risk for P leaching. Principal component analysis (PCA) performed on the data identified four principal components that described 83.8% of the variation between P and the studied soil parameters. The results indicated that silt was the critical soil characteristic associated with both P sorption and extractability in different textures of soil. The second component confirmed the positive association between the different soil P extraction methods (PM3, POlsen, and PBray).

ACS Style

Heba Elbasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry; Hassan El-Ramady; Eric C. Brevik. Phosphorus Availability and Potential Environmental Risk Assessment in Alkaline Soils. Agriculture 2020, 10, 172 .

AMA Style

Heba Elbasiouny, Fathy Elbehiry, Hassan El-Ramady, Eric C. Brevik. Phosphorus Availability and Potential Environmental Risk Assessment in Alkaline Soils. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (5):172.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heba Elbasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry; Hassan El-Ramady; Eric C. Brevik. 2020. "Phosphorus Availability and Potential Environmental Risk Assessment in Alkaline Soils." Agriculture 10, no. 5: 172.

Article
Published: 23 April 2020 in Water, Air, & Soil Pollution
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Heavy metal contamination from landfills has become a worldwide problem. Concerns have been raised over their impacts on human health and the environment. Soil amendment-assisted phytoremediation is rapidly gaining attention as a biotechnology to accelerate heavy metal (HM) removal from contaminated soils or immobilize the HMs. How different amendments influence this process is still an important research question. This study quantified the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and removal efficiency (RE) of HMs by wheat (Triticum aestivum), bean (Vicia faba), and rocca (Eruca sativa) in a pot experiment with biochar (BC), humic substances (HS) (in the form of potassium humate), and iron oxide (FO) amendments to clarify the effect of these treatments on phytoremediation. Each amendment was applied to the soil at a rate of 20 g kg−1 soil, with unamended soil as a control. The results indicated that the available HMs were significantly decreased in the amended soils (p < 0.05) as compared with untreated soil. Plant concentrations of all the studied metals decreased with the soil amendments as compared to untreated soils. BAF was higher than 1 in all plants, and RE indicated the plants were most efficient in removing Pb from the studied soils. In general, soil amendments aided soil HM immobilization and reduced the accumulation of HMs in the cultivated plants. The studied amendments could be further explored as tools to remediate contaminated sites.

ACS Style

Fathy Elbehiry; Heba Elbasiouny; Rafaat Ali; Eric C. Brevik. Enhanced Immobilization and Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Landfill Contaminated Soils. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2020, 231, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Fathy Elbehiry, Heba Elbasiouny, Rafaat Ali, Eric C. Brevik. Enhanced Immobilization and Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Landfill Contaminated Soils. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2020; 231 (5):1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fathy Elbehiry; Heba Elbasiouny; Rafaat Ali; Eric C. Brevik. 2020. "Enhanced Immobilization and Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Landfill Contaminated Soils." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 231, no. 5: 1-20.

Chapter
Published: 09 April 2020 in Springer Water
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The soil is the largest terrestrial carbon (C) stock, and those factors that affect C retention and release also influence on atmospheric CO2 levels. Soil C sequestration represents about 90% of the total mitigation practices of climate change and about 10% of emission reduction. There is a great concern of soil carbon (C) sequestration and its role in absorbing atmospheric CO2 not only because of its impacts on climate change mitigation but also because of its positive impacts on the sustainability of crop productivity, soil fertility and soil quality. Cultivation has resulted in considerable loss of soil C due to chemical and biological decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC), as well as erosion by wind and water. However; in carefully managed croplands, soil C sequestration can be substantial and represents a potentially constructive portion for mitigating the increased levels of atmospheric CO2. There is a general agreement that many agricultural ecosystems have a huge potential to sequester carbon in the soil, which could decrease CO2 concentrations in the air and mitigate its global emissions. Egyptian soils are low in their C content. Thus its potential to sequester C is high. Therefore, good management practices should be considered for enhancing soil C sequestration in Egyptian soils especially in degraded and desert soil.

ACS Style

Heba Elbasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry. Soil Carbon Sequestration for Climate Change Mitigation: Some Implications to Egypt. Springer Water 2020, 151 -181.

AMA Style

Heba Elbasiouny, Fathy Elbehiry. Soil Carbon Sequestration for Climate Change Mitigation: Some Implications to Egypt. Springer Water. 2020; ():151-181.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heba Elbasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry. 2020. "Soil Carbon Sequestration for Climate Change Mitigation: Some Implications to Egypt." Springer Water , no. : 151-181.

Chapter
Published: 09 April 2020 in Springer Water
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Climate change has become one of the major global environmental problems of the 21st century. Rice is the main cereal crop for over 50% of the world’s population. Rice cultivation is known as an important emitter of greenhouse gases emission especially methane due to rice management practices and burning of rice straw after harvesting. However, many studies confirmed that rice soils accumulate carbon higher than other crops such as wheat and corn. The cultivated area of rice in Egypt is approximately 650,000 ha from the whole cultivated area in Egypt; approximately 3.3 million ha; i.e. around 20% of the cultivated area in Egypt. Egypt relies on the Nile for 97% of its water requirements. The expected scenario of water deficiency in Nasser lake due to the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam construction, with pulling of deficiency from Dam Lake; is emphasizing on wasting approximately 1.7 million ha of Egypt’s cultivated area. As well, the expected high scenario of a relative sea level rise in Egypt; especially Nile Delta increases the amount of land that lying under risk from inundation in the north Nile Delta by 300 km2, which estimated by one-fifth of the total agricultural land in the northeast Nile Delta only. Also, all crops are projected to have a decrease in yields and an increase in irrigation needs. Thus; all these challenges will increase the stresses on rice production and decrease soil C storage in Egypt as a result of climate change and water shortage due to establishing GERD. Therefore, the changing in rice management practice; such as decreasing ploughing, creating another alternative to rice straw burning and balanced fertilizer application; will lead to mitigating of greenhouse gases emission from rice cultivation and improving soil organic matter (SOM) stocks, subsequently soil quality and productivity.

ACS Style

Heba Elbasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry. Rice Production in Egypt: The Challenges of Climate Change and Water Deficiency. Springer Water 2020, 295 -319.

AMA Style

Heba Elbasiouny, Fathy Elbehiry. Rice Production in Egypt: The Challenges of Climate Change and Water Deficiency. Springer Water. 2020; ():295-319.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heba Elbasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry. 2020. "Rice Production in Egypt: The Challenges of Climate Change and Water Deficiency." Springer Water , no. : 295-319.

Article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
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Environmental pollution has received considerable attention over the last 50 years. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in pollution of the Nile Delta, Egypt, which is one of the longest settled deltaic systems in the world. Pollution in the delta is increasingly recognized as a serious health concern that requires proper management of ecosystems. Therefore, this project aimed to study the distribution and assess the risk associated with selected trace elements (TEs) in different soils (i.e., marine, fluvial, and lacustrine parent materials) in the northern Nile Delta. Mehlich-3 extraction was used to determine the availability of antimony, vanadium, strontium, and molybdenum in agro-ecosystems in this area and their spatial distributions were investigated. Five indices were used to assess ecological risk. Results showed that TEs were higher in the southern part of the study area because it is affected by multiple pollution sources. The available concentrations of TEs were Sr < V < Sb < Mo. The bioavailability of Sr was highest among the studied TEs. The studied indices suggested the study area was moderately polluted by Sr and Sb. Furthermore, the results showed that marine soils had higher TE levels then lacustrine and fluvial soils. The ecological risk assessment indicated that V and Mo were of natural origin, while Sr and Sb were anthropogenically linked. Therefore, the situation calls for planning to reduce pollution sources, especially in the protected north Nile Delta, so these productive soils do not threaten human and ecological health.

ACS Style

Fathy Elbehiry; Heba Elbasiouny; Hassan El-Ramady; Eric C. Brevik. Mobility, distribution, and potential risk assessment of selected trace elements in soils of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2019, 191, 713 .

AMA Style

Fathy Elbehiry, Heba Elbasiouny, Hassan El-Ramady, Eric C. Brevik. Mobility, distribution, and potential risk assessment of selected trace elements in soils of the Nile Delta, Egypt. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 2019; 191 (12):713.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fathy Elbehiry; Heba Elbasiouny; Hassan El-Ramady; Eric C. Brevik. 2019. "Mobility, distribution, and potential risk assessment of selected trace elements in soils of the Nile Delta, Egypt." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 191, no. 12: 713.

Journal article
Published: 10 July 2019 in Agriculture
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The pollution of agricultural soils, water and plants by trace elements (TEs) in the Nile Delta Region, Egypt, is of great importance. This study aimed to investigate the spatial and seasonal variation of some TEs in the agricultural area adjacent to Kitchener Drain and to evaluate the ecological risk posed by these elements using six indices. Soil and plant samples were collected from seven sites close to the drain, while water samples were collected from the corresponding sites inside the drain during three seasons (winter, spring and fall). The results showed that all studied TEs in the soil varied seasonally and spatially among the locations around the drain. Most of the studied elements in the soil were higher in the southern and middle area around the drain. All studied elements in the soil were also higher in the winter than other seasons. Nickel and lead were almost non-detected during all seasons in plant tissues, while other elements were higher in the winter than other seasons. In contrast to the soil and plant tissues, water samples demonstrated lower or non-detected levels of TEs. The results also indicated that the values for the risk assessment indices differed among the studied TEs. Therefore, there is a risk of increasing the concentration of some metals in the study area due to anthropogenic pollution from the adjacent polluted drain through irrigation with contaminated water and spreading of contaminated dredged materials on agricultural fields.

ACS Style

Abeer Aitta; Hassan El-Ramady; Tarek Alshaal; Ahmed El-Henawy; Mohamed Shams; Nasser Talha; Fathy Elbehiry; Eric C. Brevik. Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Trace Elements around Kitchener Drain in the Northern Nile Delta, Egypt. Agriculture 2019, 9, 152 .

AMA Style

Abeer Aitta, Hassan El-Ramady, Tarek Alshaal, Ahmed El-Henawy, Mohamed Shams, Nasser Talha, Fathy Elbehiry, Eric C. Brevik. Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Trace Elements around Kitchener Drain in the Northern Nile Delta, Egypt. Agriculture. 2019; 9 (7):152.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abeer Aitta; Hassan El-Ramady; Tarek Alshaal; Ahmed El-Henawy; Mohamed Shams; Nasser Talha; Fathy Elbehiry; Eric C. Brevik. 2019. "Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Trace Elements around Kitchener Drain in the Northern Nile Delta, Egypt." Agriculture 9, no. 7: 152.

Chapter
Published: 06 July 2019 in Springer Water
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Pollutants are released into the atmosphere due to production and consumption energy especially from fossil. However, not only the environmental concerns but also the increase in energy demand promotes the researchers to develop new and current energy alternatives that cause zero- or low-negative environmental impact. Anaerobic fermentation can be used for the treatment of organic wastes (OW) such as kitchen waste, municipal solid waste, industrial organic waste, animal manure, and agricultural residues. The fuel produced from anaerobic digestion is environmental friendly. Kitchen wastes (KWs) are easily biodegradable organic material with high moisture, carbohydrate, lipid, and protein. The use of KW only in anaerobic digestion reduces the activity of methanogenic bacteria as a result of rapid accumulation of volatile fatty acids followed by a pH drop in the reactor, thus, adjusting C/N by some additives to accelerate the growth of methanogens and methane formation is necessary. The favorable pH for methanogens’ growth range of 6.5 to 7.2. Furthermore, the key factors controlling the production of volatile fatty acids during fermentation for methanogenesis represented in pH, temperature, C/N ratio, and hydraulic retention time.

ACS Style

Azza A. Mostafa; Bodor A. Elbanna; Fathy Elbehiry; Heba Elbasiouny. Biogas Production from Kitchen Wastes: Special Focus on Kitchen and Household Wastes in Egypt. Springer Water 2019, 129 -147.

AMA Style

Azza A. Mostafa, Bodor A. Elbanna, Fathy Elbehiry, Heba Elbasiouny. Biogas Production from Kitchen Wastes: Special Focus on Kitchen and Household Wastes in Egypt. Springer Water. 2019; ():129-147.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Azza A. Mostafa; Bodor A. Elbanna; Fathy Elbehiry; Heba Elbasiouny. 2019. "Biogas Production from Kitchen Wastes: Special Focus on Kitchen and Household Wastes in Egypt." Springer Water , no. : 129-147.

Review papers
Published: 18 April 2019 in Egyptian Journal of Soil Science
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ACS Style

Heba Elbasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry. Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and fractions for improving soil quality and mitigating climate change. Egyptian Journal of Soil Science 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Heba Elbasiouny, Fathy Elbehiry. Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and fractions for improving soil quality and mitigating climate change. Egyptian Journal of Soil Science. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heba Elbasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry. 2019. "Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and fractions for improving soil quality and mitigating climate change." Egyptian Journal of Soil Science , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 01 February 2019 in Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security
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Stressed environments have long been a question of great interest in a wide range of fields. So, many considerable literatures have grown up around this theme. In Egypt, there are several common problems related to the stressed environments. These stresses include decline of soil fertility, soil salinity and alkalinity, soil water logging, salt-affected soils, soil pollution, climate change, over-population growth, urban sprawl, land degradation, deterioration of natural resources, etc. More generally, national income will decline and will in turn result in the spread of social and political problems. Kafr El-Sheikh governorate can be considered one of the most important areas in Egypt, which calls "the governorate of the hope and the future" due to its location and wealths. Whereas, this governorate suffers from the most common stresses in Egypt including pollution, salinity, alkalinity and waterlogging. Great problems have been recorded in Kafr El-Sheikh related to stressed environments and suggested solutions also have been addressed. Therefore, a sustainable management should be adapted for overcoming these stressed environments in Kafr El-Sheikh.

ACS Style

Hassan El-Ramady; Mohamed Abowaly; Fathy Elbehiry; Alaa El-Dein Omara; Tamer Abdallah Elsakhawy; Sayed Mohamed; Abdel-Aziz Belal; Heba Elbasiouny; Zakaria Fouad Abdalla. Stressful Environments and Sustainable Soil Management: A Case Study of Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt. Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security 2019, 3, 41 -50.

AMA Style

Hassan El-Ramady, Mohamed Abowaly, Fathy Elbehiry, Alaa El-Dein Omara, Tamer Abdallah Elsakhawy, Sayed Mohamed, Abdel-Aziz Belal, Heba Elbasiouny, Zakaria Fouad Abdalla. Stressful Environments and Sustainable Soil Management: A Case Study of Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt. Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security. 2019; 3 (2019):41-50.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hassan El-Ramady; Mohamed Abowaly; Fathy Elbehiry; Alaa El-Dein Omara; Tamer Abdallah Elsakhawy; Sayed Mohamed; Abdel-Aziz Belal; Heba Elbasiouny; Zakaria Fouad Abdalla. 2019. "Stressful Environments and Sustainable Soil Management: A Case Study of Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt." Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security 3, no. 2019: 41-50.

Original article
Published: 01 February 2019 in Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security
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Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are micronutrients needed for organisms, however, they are heavy metals and may become toxic to the organisms when exceeding the allowable limit in the environment. Two soil types of marine and alluvial were sampled in the North Delta, Egypt. Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were analyzed to investigate the availability and to evaluate ecological risk assessment and identify pollution sources. Cu and Zn were extracted from sol samples by DTPA-TEA. The higher content of Cu was recorded in alluvial soil, especially in the surface, while Zn concentrations in both soils didn’t differ with depth. Six indices were used in this study to evaluate the potential ecological risk of Cu and Zn in the examined soils. The results of these indices revealed that affecting Cu and Zn anthropogenically in some profiles of the studied soils. As well, the results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that Cu and Zn in marine soils mainly originated from anthropogenic source, while this is true in alluvial soil in Zn only. Human and agricultural activities may be the main source of Cu and Zn especially fertilizers and pesticides, which indicates that there may be environmental threating by those metals in the study area in the future.

ACS Style

Heba ElBasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry. Mobility and potential ecological risk assessment of copper and zinc in alluvial and marine soils in the North Nile Delta, Egypt. Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security 2019, 3, 99 -100.

AMA Style

Heba ElBasiouny, Fathy Elbehiry. Mobility and potential ecological risk assessment of copper and zinc in alluvial and marine soils in the North Nile Delta, Egypt. Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security. 2019; 3 (2019):99-100.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heba ElBasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry. 2019. "Mobility and potential ecological risk assessment of copper and zinc in alluvial and marine soils in the North Nile Delta, Egypt." Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security 3, no. 2019: 99-100.

Chapter
Published: 21 August 2018 in World Soils Book Series
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Egypt consists of four main geological areas, Nile River valley and its delta, Western Desert, Eastern Desert, and Sinai Peninsula. The Nile Valley broadens gradually toward the north of Egypt and it is bounded by several sedimentary basins and desert sands that have been settled upon fluvial soils. The Nile Valley has three geomorphological units: the young alluvial plain, older alluvial plains, and the limestone plateau. The Nile Delta is one of the earliest identified deltaic systems in the world. It was formed by the sedimentary processes between the upper Miocene and present, then it was built up by the alluvium delivered by the old seven active branches of the Nile which flowed through the delta, then humans and nature have closed five branches. The remaining two branches are called Rosetta and Damietta. The Nile Delta is an area of fertile alluvial soils that consists of Nile deposits due to the frequent flooding during geological periods. Several shallow lagoons were developed along the Mediterranean coast and connected to the sea by small openings (Bogaz), in the sand barriers. The Eastern Desert is a part of the Arabian Nubian Shield (Shield is a collage of Neoproterozoic tectonostratigraphic terrains linked to ophiolite-decorated sutures). This desert is generally a huge and rough mountainous terrain composed of Precambrian basement (igneous and metamorphic) rocks. As well, the Eastern Desert is characterized by mountains, plateaus, and vast wadis. The Western Desert as a vast plateau desert involves the most well-known Egyptian oases (i.e., Siwa, Bahariya, Farafra, Kharga, and Dakhla) and some of the coastal basins. The landscape and shape the surface of this desert are modified by fluvial (dominant process shaping the land surface when the water movement is available) and aeolian actions (dominant where water resources are more limited). This desert is characterized by sand dunes and sand seas and many plateaus. Sinai Peninsula is the most attractive region from the geological standpoint in Egypt. This peninsula is located between the Mediterranean Sea on the north and the Red Sea on the south, Suez Gulf on the west, and Aqaba Gulf on the east. Its shape is triangular with apex formed by the connection of two Gulfs: Aqaba and Suez, and base by the Mediterranean coastline. It is characterized by very rough mountains formed by igneous and metamorphic rocks in the south, and limestone plateau in the middle and north.

ACS Style

Heba ElBasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry. Geology. World Soils Book Series 2018, 93 -109.

AMA Style

Heba ElBasiouny, Fathy Elbehiry. Geology. World Soils Book Series. 2018; ():93-109.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heba ElBasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry. 2018. "Geology." World Soils Book Series , no. : 93-109.

Chapter
Published: 11 May 2018 in The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
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Coastal lakes in Egypt are very important for the wetlands they support in North Africa. They contain five of the most productive wetland ecosystems in the world. The Nile Delta lakes, which are located along the Mediterranean coast, are very important economically because of fish production, which makes up nearly 50% of Egypt’s production. These lakes are vital to the livelihoods in these areas. However, these lakes are suffering from degradation and environmental stress. The total area of many of these lakes is decreased because of drying and reclamation for agriculture. Furthermore, increased pollution and ecological risks are affecting these vital and valuable lakes. One of the biggest issues is the discharging of agricultural drainage, industrial waste, and domestic waste water into these wetlands. In addition, these lakes are vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change such as rising sea level and saltwater intrusion. The coastal lakes in Egypt are very important and vital to ecosystems and need continuous monitoring and good management practices. Coastal lakes can have a significant impact on the surrounding agricultural areas through waterlogging, secondary salinization, and groundwater pollution. In this chapter, the authors will provide an overview of the coastal lakes in Egypt, the main challenges, and how to manage these challenges for the sustainability of these lakes.

ACS Style

Fathy Elbehiry; M. A. Mahmoud; AbdelAzim M. Negm. Land Use in Egypt’s Coastal Lakes: Opportunities and Challenges. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 2018, 21 -36.

AMA Style

Fathy Elbehiry, M. A. Mahmoud, AbdelAzim M. Negm. Land Use in Egypt’s Coastal Lakes: Opportunities and Challenges. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry. 2018; ():21-36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fathy Elbehiry; M. A. Mahmoud; AbdelAzim M. Negm. 2018. "Land Use in Egypt’s Coastal Lakes: Opportunities and Challenges." The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry , no. : 21-36.

Review
Published: 01 June 2017 in Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security
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ACS Style

Heba ElBasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry; Mohamed Abowaly. Soil quality indices; special focus on salt-affected soil: review and case study in Northern Egypt. Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Heba ElBasiouny, Fathy Elbehiry, Mohamed Abowaly. Soil quality indices; special focus on salt-affected soil: review and case study in Northern Egypt. Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security. 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Heba ElBasiouny; Fathy Elbehiry; Mohamed Abowaly. 2017. "Soil quality indices; special focus on salt-affected soil: review and case study in Northern Egypt." Environment, Biodiversity and Soil Security , no. : 1.

Articles
Published: 06 January 2017 in Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis
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Boron (B) toxicity might be a problem, especially in dry regions of the world, however; its distribution still largely unappreciated and ignored by soil and crop scientists. Therefore, this study aimed to assess B spatial distribution in an area of northern Nile Delta, the most fertile and populated area in Egypt. Soil B was extracted by Mehilch-3 extraction and measured by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP). The mean B concentration was recorded as 5.19, 6.04, and 6.41 ug/g in surface (S), subsurface (Ss), and lower (L) layers, respectively. . The data were interpolated in ArcGIS software. The highest B concentration was observed in the central part of this area, which may be attributed to many reasons such as pollution sources and management practices. Our results indicated that more than 50% of the studied area highly concentrated in B, which represents a threat to soil and ecosystems in North Nile Delta.

ACS Style

Fathy Elbehiry; Heba Elbasiouny; Ahmed El-Henawy. Boron: Spatial Distribution in an Area of North Nile Delta, Egypt. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2017, 48, 294 -306.

AMA Style

Fathy Elbehiry, Heba Elbasiouny, Ahmed El-Henawy. Boron: Spatial Distribution in an Area of North Nile Delta, Egypt. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2017; 48 (3):294-306.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fathy Elbehiry; Heba Elbasiouny; Ahmed El-Henawy. 2017. "Boron: Spatial Distribution in an Area of North Nile Delta, Egypt." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 48, no. 3: 294-306.