This study delves into the intricate dynamics of tourism-induced water pollution through a systematic literature review, aiming to unravel complexities using a system dynamics (SD) modeling approach coupled with the PRISMA analysis methodology. Employing a comprehensive PRISMA analysis of 68 pertinent articles, the study establishes a metamodel for comprehending plastic pollution in water ecosystems resulting from tourism. The methodology emphasizes economic and environmental dimensions, causal conditions, and interventions, with a specific focus on the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The results highlight integrated strategies as crucial in mitigating tourism-induced water pollution. These strategies advocate for the incorporation of environmental conservation and sustainable management practices. The study underlines the pivotal role of environmental education, awareness, and investments in protection as effective interventions. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders in the tourism industry, emphasizing the necessity for proactive planning and management. The study advocates for knowledge-based decision-making to optimize tourism's environmental impacts and underscores the significance of quick and flexible responses to environmental challenges.

This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of tsunami evacuation models. The review covers scientific studies from the last decade (2012–2021) and is explicitly focused on models using an agent-based approach. The PRISMA methodology was used to analyze 171 selected papers, resulting in over 53 studies included in the detailed full-text analysis. This review is divided into two main parts: (1) a descriptive analysis of the presented models (focused on the modeling tools, validation, and software platform used, etc.), and (2) model analysis (e.g., model purpose, types of agents, input and output data, and modeled area). Special attention was given to the features of these models specifically associated with an agent-based approach. The results lead to the conclusion that the research domain of agent-based tsunami evacuation models is quite narrow and specialized, with a high degree of variability in the model attributes and properties. At the same time, the application of agent-specific methodologies, protocols, organizational paradigms, or standards is sparse.

Purpose: This paper seeks to explore the influence of workplace spirituality on employee behavior within organizational settings. Design: Systems thinking is used to explore various interrelated concepts of workplace spirituality (WPS). This study delves into the intricate interactions between WPS and its impact on employee behavior. By highlighting the significance of WPS, the research establishes a foundation for fostering innovation and creativity, facilitating meaningful connections among employees within organizations. Additionally, WPS plays a crucial role in reducing workplace incivility. Causal Loop Diagrams (CLDs) as part of a systems thinking approach are utilized to visually depict the complex interplay of variables and feedback loops within organizations, offering insights into polarities and presenting a long-term perspective on how spiritual initiatives affect the workplace. Results: The findings indicate that WPS assists employees in comprehending their roles, enhancing productivity, increasing motivation, and fostering job satisfaction. Furthermore, WPS contributes to improved employee engagement, satisfaction, and decision-making. Significance: The research underscores the explicit involvement of employees in achieving favorable outcomes and enhances our understanding of the perceptions held by employers and employees regarding their roles and engagement. The study suggests that enhancing employees’ performance is achievable in workplaces where individuals comprehend their roles and align them with the job objectives. Novelty: This paper is unique in two aspects. Firstly, it strives to integrate the fragmented and diverse literature on the outcomes of WPS using a systems thinking approach. Secondly, it raises awareness, particularly in developing countries like Pakistan, regarding the importance of incorporating organizational capabilities into organizational practices.