Traditional pattern recognition approaches have gained a lot of popularity. However, these are largely dependent upon manual feature extraction, which makes the generalized model obscure. The sequences of accelerometer data recorded can be classified by specialized smartphones into well known movements that can be done with human activity recognition. With the high success and wide adaptation of deep learning approaches for the recognition of human activities, these techniques are widely used in wearable devices and smartphones to recognize the human activities. In this paper, convolutional layers are combined with long short-term memory (LSTM), along with the deep learning neural network for human activities recognition (HAR). The proposed model extracts the features in an automated way and categorizes them with some model attributes. In general, LSTM is alternative form of recurrent neural network (RNN) which is famous for temporal sequences’ processing. In the proposed architecture, a dataset of UCI-HAR for Samsung Galaxy S2 is used for various human activities. The CNN classifier, which should be taken single, and LSTM models should be taken in series and take the feed data. For each input, the CNN model is applied, and each input image’s output is transferred to the LSTM classifier as a time step. The number of filter maps for mapping of the various portions of image is the most important hyperparameter used. Transformation on the basis of observations takes place by using Gaussian standardization. CNN-LSTM, a proposed model, is an efficient and lightweight model that has shown high robustness and better activity detection capability than traditional algorithms by providing the accuracy of 97.89%.

Several industries use wireless sensor networks (WSN) for various tasks such as monitoring, data transmission, and data gathering. They find applications in the industrial internet of things (IIoT). WSNs are utilized to track and monitor changes in the environment. Since they include multiple small sensor nodes (SN), they are severely constrained, so resource management geared toward energy efficiency is crucial in this kind of network. Minimizing the power to interpret, transmit, and store data between various sensors poses important challenges. Experts have considered various ways to address these issues that unavoidably affect the network’s performance: reducing energy usage while maintaining system throughput remains the primary research issue. Another important concern relates to network security. Specifically, intrusion detection and avoidance are major concerns. In this work, we introduce the meta-heuristic-based secure and energy-efficient routing (MHSEER) protocol for WSN-IIoT. The protocol learns the forwarding decisions using the number of hops, connection integrity characteristics, and accumulated remaining energy. To make the method more secure, the protocol also employs counter-encryption mode (CEM) to encrypt the data. A meta-heuristics study designed to achieve reliable learning is used in the suggested protocol. The protocol consists of two stages. The first stage uses a heuristics method to improve the option for dependable data routing. Security based on a computationally simple and random CEM is accomplished in the second stage. The proposed MHSEER protocol has been compared to the secure trust routing protocol for low power (Sectrust-RPL), heuristic-based energy-efficient routing (HBEER), secure and energy-aware heuristic-based routing (SEHR), and secure energy-aware meta-heuristic routing (SEAMHR) in terms of packet drop ratio, throughput, network delay, energy usage, and faulty pathways. The proposed protocol increases throughput to 95.81% and decreases the packet drop ratio, packet delay, energy consumption, and faulty pathways to 5.12%, 0.10 ms, 0.0102 mJ, and 6.51%, respectively.

Among the key challenges with wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is that most sensor nodes are fueled by energy‐constrained batteries, which has a significant impact on the network’s efficiency, reliability, and durability. As a result, many clustering approaches have been developed to enhance the energy efficiency of WSNs. Meanwhile, fifth‐generation (5G) transmissions necessitate the usage of multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) multiple antennas in numerous Internet of Things (IoT) applications to furnish increased capacity in a multipath spectrum environment. Instead of a single senor that can facilitate better load balancing utilization, we believe to balance the energy utilization per unit area. The devices in IoT are submerged with various transmission interfaces known as MIMO in 5G networks. With MIMO being more commonly accessible on IoT devices, an effective clustering approach for rapidly evolving IoT systems is both lacking and urgently needed to support a variety of user scenarios. In this paper, we proposed the intelligent MIMO‐based 5G balanced energy‐efficient protocol which focuses to achieve Quality of Experience (QoE) for transmitting in clusters for IoT networks. The proposed protocol enhances the utilization of energy and lifetime of the network in which it shows 30% less energy utilized in comparison to the existing protocols.

Predicting attacks in Android malware devices using machine learning for recommender systems-based IoT can be a challenging task. However, it is possible to use various machine-learning techniques to achieve this goal. An internet-based framework is used to predict and recommend Android malware on IoT devices. As the prevalence of Android devices grows, the malware creates new viruses on a regular basis, posing a threat to the central system’s security and the privacy of the users. The suggested system uses static analysis to predict the malware in Android apps used by consumer devices. The training of the presented system is used to predict and recommend malicious devices to block them from transmitting the data to the cloud server. By taking into account various machine-learning methods, feature selection is performed and the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) machine-learning model is proposed. Testing was carried out on more than 10,000 Android applications to check malicious nodes and recommend that the cloud server block them. The developed model contemplated all four machine-learning algorithms in parallel, i.e., naive Bayes, decision tree, support vector machine, and the K-Nearest Neighbor approach and static analysis as a feature subset selection algorithm, and it achieved the highest prediction rate of 93% to predict the malware in real-world applications of consumer devices to minimize the utilization of energy. The experimental results show that KNN achieves 93%, 95%, 90%, and 92% accuracy, precision, recall and f1 measures, respectively.

In present day era use of emerging technologies has given a rise to the healthcare issues. Combination of sensors, the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), and big data analytics to enhance patient care can lower the healthcare costs. This will enable the patients with more secure, affordable, and rising medical services. Besides problems, such as resource-constrained IoT stuff, identity theft attacks, and malicious insiders, there is a need to address smart healthcare in big data and artificial intelligence using edge computing services. To fix these concerns, we are proposing a software-defined networking (SDN)-based security compliance structure for smart healthcare load migration systems. Toward this end, the use of SDN-IIoT technology for effective and real-time protection against security attacks is being explored by researchers and professionals. In our proposed framework, there are three domains and each domain has one virtual machine and various OpenFlow virtual switches. This scenario helps in migrating the heavily loaded domain healthcare data to the lightly loaded domain to make the domain balanced and prevent the migration from happening any type of security attacks. The RYU SDN controller is used to test the simulations and effectiveness of the performance obtained in the mininet after capturing the OpenFlow packets in Wireshark. Secure data management is achieved through the proposed framework and proposed algorithm gives 80% accurate for all the fetched healthcare data packets.

We entered an era when the automotive industry is undergoing a digital revolution. Automobiles evolving into automated movable objects are using artificial intelligence capabilities. In contrast, cellular communications networks incorporate emerging technologies, such as SDN (software-defined networking) and NFV (network functions virtualization). Sophisticated software-defined communications networks virtualizes network functions and paving the way for the new design, monitoring, and management strategies. SDN is rising towards the application of load balancing for real time applications due to the heavy load of data on servers. When there is intra-communication between the various switches and domains; migration of switches takes place and the load over servers is imbalanced. An imbalance of the load will increase the response time and decrease the throughput. In intelligent transportation systems (ITS) balance on the servers should be maintained for the network sustainability. To provide a solution for the requirement of ITS, a dynamic QoS-aware load balancing switch migration algorithm (LBSMT) is proposed in this paper. As per the results validated in Python, after the migration LBSWT has improved CPU utilization, memory utilization, throughput and response time over server load, round robin, weighted round robin, LBBSRT and dynamic server algorithms.