Goat farming in Peru is a husbandry activity that, although it is considered secondary in the country, has a great economic and social impact on the rural population, that is why government efforts to develop is so important. The objective of this study was to characterize dairy goat rearing systems in the coastal valleys of the Lima region to identify gaps and opportunities for improvement. This cross-sectional research was conducted in four provinces located in the Lima region, Peru. A total of 62 goat farmers participated in the trial. For data collection, a standard survey was prepared with open and closed questions distributed across two components (socioeconomic and productive). The surveys were processed for qualitative variables using a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) followed by a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to differentiate the types of farming systems prevalent based on the survey population. The hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in the formation of three separate groups of goat farmers, which can be classified as extensive systems differentiated by management practices and their production and marketing objectives. The test showed a significant difference; therefore, it can be affirmed that they are associated with the groups or clusters formed. These results will allow actors related to goat farming, such as state and regional entities, to focus efforts on addressing specific demands of the different types of goat farmers found in this study.

Background and Aim: Characterizing local animal production systems is crucial for sustainable livestock development. This study aimed to characterize the diversity of goat production systems in the Highlands of Chincha province, Ica, Peru. Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from 82 goat breeders in three districts: San Juan de Yanac, San Pedro de Huacarpana, and Chavín. Factor analysis of mixed data and hierarchical classification analysis were conducted to identify typologies of goat production systems using R version 4.4.2. Results: Four distinct goat production types were identified, primarily differentiated by feeding location and deworming frequency. Type 2 (41.5%) was the most prevalent, characterized by grazing on breeders own land, minimal milk production (<1 liter/day, 91.2%), and a focus on cheese and goat kid sales (70.6%). Breeders were predominantly women, with limited resources and extensive management systems. Across all types, mixed breeding was common, and economic reliance on livestock and agriculture prevailed. Conclusion: Despite their diversity, all goat production systems shared extensive management practices and resource constraints, resulting in low productivity. These findings highlight the need for targeted public policies to improve productivity and sustainability in goat farming within the Ica region. Keywords: Chincha Highlands, extensive farming, goat production systems, multivariate analysis, Peru, typology.

This study aimed to characterize the phaneroptic and morphometric traits of Creole goatsin Northwestern Peru. A total of 100 goats were evaluated for 19 phaneroptic and 24 morphometric variables, along with 15 zoometric indices. Descriptive statistics and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to condense body index variables into uncorrelated components, potentially useful in selection programs. The feasibility of PCA was confirmed with the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity. Phaneroptic results revealed that most goats exhibit plain coats (53%) with mottled and patch patterns (13% each), with 60% showing horns (45% arched and 15% spiraling) and drooping ears (60%). Beards were present in 34% and wattles in 27%. Female teats tended to be divergent (74%), with 33.77% showing supernumerary teats. Morphometric indices indicated predominantly brevilinear, dolichocephalic, and mesoprosopic traits, with a convex linear pelvis. These traits highlight their suitability for meat production, demonstrated by body strength, depth, and width, indicating high potential for producing carcasses of various compactness levels. These findings provide valuable data on the adaptability and morphologicaldiversity of Creole goats, supporting future conservation and breeding efforts. of Creole goats , supporting future conservation and breeding efforts

Coffee pulp is a by-product of the coffee industry. Due to conventional management techniques, it represents a severe environmental problem due to its negative impact on the soil (anaerobic fermentation and pH changes), water sources (the infiltration of pollutants into streams, acidification of water sources, and modification of microorganisms), and biodiversity (soil microbiology, fish, crustaceans, and other vertebrates). Therefore, it is essential to develop protocols for the treatment of this waste so that it can be used again in other productive activities under the circular economy approach. This means that all the waste from a production process can be reused, can generate value for the benefit of the producer, and, in turn, mitigate the environmental impact. The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement of 5 levels of wheat bran (WB) with extruded coffee pulp flour (ECPF) as an alternative to a conventional fiber source in broiler finisher diets. A total of 300 Cobb 500 chickens in the finishing phase were assessed in the study, grouped in 5 treatments: T1, a conventional diet or control treatment (100% WB and 0% ECPF), T2 (75% WB and 25% ECPF), T3 (50% WB and 50% ECPF), T4 (25% WB and 75% ECPF), and T5 (0% WB and 100% ECPF). Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and intestinal morphometry (villus length: VL, villus width: VW, crypt depth: CD, villus height/crypt depth ratio: V/C, and villus surface area: VSA) were evaluated at the level of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Feed intake decreased correspondingly as the ECPF in the diet was increased, with statistical differences (p < 0.01) between their averages; the most significant weight gain (834.61 g) was evidenced with the T2 treatment, this being statistically different (p < 0.01) from T4 and T5; similarly, the best FCR (1.58) was evidenced with the T2 treatment, followed by the control treatment T1 (with 1.64); however, they were not statistically different (p > 0.05). All treatment results were similar to the VL control samples in the three intestinal portions, except for the T5 in the jejunum, which showed statistical differences from the control. In VW, the treatment results were similar to the control samples of the jejunum and ileum; however, in the duodenum, the T5 results showed the highest value (172.18 μm), being statistically different (p < 0.05) from the other treatments being evaluated. For CD, it was only in the duodenum that the T2 and T3 treatments were similar to the control. Likewise, for V/C in the duodenum, only the T2 results were similar to the control. There was no significant difference in the VSA among the different treatment groups. T2 showed better production parameters without altering the intestinal villi. In conclusion, ECPF is a potential input for use to replace up to 25% of WB in the feed of broilers in the finishing phase.

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el efecto de la fertilización de N, P y K en la producción de biomasa aérea de dos gramíneas nativas Festuca dolichophylla y Festuca humilior. El experimento se realizó en la SAIS Túpac Amaru, Junín, Perú, a 4186 msnm. Los tratamientos fueron N, P, K, NPK y un control. Las dosis de nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio fueron de 36.24, 4.27 y 29.92 kg/ha, respectivamente. Se utilizó el modelo de bloques con arreglo de contrastes ortogonales. Las variables fueron: biomasa aérea fresca (kg/ha), biomasa aérea seca (kg/ha) y porcentaje de materia seca. La biomasa aérea fresca fue 783.9±110.7 y 662.9±24.9 kg/ha, biomasa aérea seca fue 477.6±62.9 y 410.2±15.4 kg/ha, y porcentaje de materia seca fue 64.11±1.82 y 61.47±0.56% en F. dolichophylla y F. humilior, respectivamente, siendo F. dolichophylla la especie de mayor producción de biomasa aérea (p<0.05). La biomasa aérea fresca fue 828.6±54.8 y 604.9±61.9 kg/ha, y la biomasa área seca fue 502.7±32.7 y 373.7±37.4 kg/ha en las parcelas con y sin fertilización de F. dolichophylla, respectivamente (p<0.05), mientras que para el porcentaje de materia seca no se evidenciaron diferencias. F. dolichophylla evidenció un estímulo a la fertilización de N, P y K, mejorando la producción de biomasa ante la disponibilidad inmediata de algún macronutriente. El porcentaje de materia seca en F. dolichophylla y F. humilior no evidenció una mayor retención de nutrientes en la mata. El elemento limitante no pudo ser identificado para estas especies., probablemente debido a respuestas compensatorias al déficit nutricional.