From an economic viewpoint, tourism is heralded as bringing income to local communities. From an ecological standpoint, tourism poses a threat to environments. Sustainable tourism should leave a minimum negative impact on the places visited and preferably have rather positive impact on society. The digitization of the tourism economy is conducive to increasing the efficiency of enterprises operations, but also have positive impact on consumers. The objectives of the study are: to seek an answer to the question whether there is a relationship between the development of the tourism industry and GDP growth. Based on it there are two specific questions: What is a relationship between the level of development of digitization (e-commerce) and the development of the tourism industry and what is a relationship between the development of the tourism industry and sustainability factors? The originality of our research results among others results from three groups of variables use in the analysis (ICT group, SDG group and E&T group). Our research explores the factors affecting the tourism industry and relations of the digitization of tourism economy, sustainability and economy growth.

Current research assesses the impact of industrialization and the renewable energy sector on greenhouse gas emissions, proxied by CO₂ emissions in Europe and Central Asia. We rely on a two-step system GMM estimator on a sample of 48 countries over the period 2000–2018. Empirical results show that industrialization has a positive effect on CO₂ emissions: a 10% increase in industry value added as % of GDP leads to an increase of 2.6% in CO₂ emissions. In contrast, renewable energy mitigates CO₂ emissions. Ten percentage points increase in renewable energy consumption reduces CO₂ emissions per capita by 2.2%. The interaction term between renewable energy and industry value added is negative, suggesting that renewable energy consumption compensates for the negative effect of industrialization on environmental quality. Our main results also confirm the U-shaped inverted relationship between GDP per capita and CO₂ emissions. Our study has a number of policy implications and avenues for future research.

The energy transformation towards renewable energy sources in the conditions of climate change and the accompanying climate risk is a priority for all countries in the world. However, the degree of advancement of activities in this area varies significantly between countries, which is the result of different activities for renewable energy sources in individual countries. The aim of this article is to determine the trends of changes in the area of the use of renewable energy sources in EU countries. The study uses TMD (taxonomic measure of development) methods and dynamic classification, which allowed to distinguish typological groups of objects with similar dynamics of the studied phenomenon. The EU 28 countries were analyzed. Statistics (Eurostat database) are provided for the period 2004–2019. As a result of the research, it was found that the Scandinavian countries and the countries of Western Europe were characterized by the highest stability in terms of the use of renewable energy sources over time. These countries also recorded the smallest increases in TMD. On the other hand, the unfavorable situation in terms of stability was observed mainly in the countries of Southern Europe.

The purpose of the article is analysis of participatory budgets as a tool forshaping decisions of local communities on the use of public funds. The authors ask the question of whether the current practice of using the participatory budget is actually a growing trend in local government finances or, after the initial euphoria resulting from participation, society ceased to notice the real possibilities of influencing the directions of public expenditures as an opportunity to legislate public policies implemented. It is expected that the conducted research will allow us to evaluate the participatory budget and indicate whether thistool practically acts as a stimulusfor changesin the scope of tasks under public policies. The authors analyzed and evaluated the announced competitions for projects as part of the procedure for elaborating participatory budgeting for selected LGUs. Then, they carried out an in-depth analysis of the data used to assess real social participation in the process of establishing social policies.

An important issue in the conduct of development policy is to ensure sufficient financial resources for its implementation. At the same time, it should be emphasized that the perception of the SDGs and its components are changing and the objectives and expected results are changing accordingly. The goal of the chapter is an indication of changes in the approach to the paradigm of sustainable development of regions, which are shaped at the level of EU regions. To achieve this goal, the case study of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship was selected, which indicates an evolution and change in the approach of building SDGs. The chapter also presents regions and their role in sustainable development. In addition, the issue of the approach to financing sustainable development at the regional level. The example of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship shows how the implementation of sustainable development goals is shaped so that the adopted projects and programs allow to achieve the intended goal in the field of shaping sustainable development.