Floods are the most frequent natural disasters in the world. In the system of warning and flood protection of areas at risk of flooding in the event of its occurrence, it seems advisable to initially work out the possibility of evacuating the population, animals, equipment, material values, etc. In this article, a methodology for determining destinations (points of destination) for the evacuation of people and equipment from a predicted flood zone (of a natural disaster) to a safe area is proposed based upon the criterion of the shortest possible distance. In the paper, a scenario is considered that involves the contours of the flood zone boundaries for several variants of the intensity of the probable development of future events (with the aid of geoinformation technologies), and the coordinates of the objects to evacuate are permanent and known in advance. With the known coordinates of the objects and the closest points of the boundary of the predicted flood zone, the shortest distances can be calculated. Based on these calculations, the appropriate destinations for evacuation are determined. The proposed methodology can be used for flood forecasting and flood zone modeling to assess the economic and social risks of their aftereffects and to allow the public, local governments, and other organizations to better understand the potential risks of floods and to identify the measures needed to save lives and avoid damage to and loss of property and equipment. This methodology, in contrast to known approaches, allows the determination of the nearest locations for the evacuation of people and equipment from a flood zone (of a natural disaster) to safe areas, to be determined for several variants, depending on the possible development of future events. The methodology is algorithm-driven and presented in the form of a flowchart and is suitable for use in the appropriate software. The proposed methodology is an introduction to the next stages of research related to the determination of safe places for evacuation of people and their property (equipment) to safe places. This is especially important in case of sudden weather events (flash floods).

Безпілотні літальні апарати стали невід’ємною частиною сучасних воєн. В історичному аспекті проаналізовано досвід застосування безпілотних авіаційних комплексів (БпАК) під час збройних конфліктів наприкінці ХХ та на початку ХХІ ст. Докладно висвітлено роль безпілотних літальних апаратів у війнах на Близькому Сході, у районі Перської затоки, в Сирії, Афганістані. Показано, як за їх допомогою вирішувалися завдання військової розвідки. Розглянута революція у військовій тактиці збройної боротьби, конструктивні зміни безпілотників від війни у В’єтнамі до подій наших днів. Аналіз локальних воєнних конфліктів останніх десятиріч, подій на Сході України, в Нагірному Карабаху доводить закономірність збільшення завдань, що виконують безпілотні літальні апарати. Привабливість сучасних БпАК для армії будь-якої країни обумовлена можливістю отримувати в масштабі реального часу розвідувальну інформацію, здійснювати нанесення ударів по противнику без участі людини. Наукову новизну роботи становить дослідження основних тенденцій подальшого розвитку та застосування безпілотної авіації, багатоцільового використання БпАК, їх інтеграції із засобами ураження.

Трирежимний вібраційний гіроскоп

Today, unmanned systems have become one of the key weapons in the war against Russia, new and different ways of using these systems are being introduced, and the search for new ways of using them continues. For example, the Armed Forces of Ukraine use walking unmanned ground complexes of the Robot Dog type due to the features of the design, as well as mass, dimensions and cargo capabilities. Complexes of the Robot Dog type are already used for humanitarian missions, for example, they are used for demining territories. They also perform security and surveillance functions, patrolling the territory; study of hard-to-reach places, monitoring and reconnaissance, data collection in dangerous or difficult conditions. Such complexes are used for the transportation of light cargo (medical equipment or necessary resources). The article analyzes modern popular multifunctional biomorphic walking ground platforms - unmanned ground complexes of the Robot Dog type. Their functions and capabilities are considered, and the tasks performed today by walking unmanned ground systems of the Robot Dog type in the armed forces of the leading countries of the world are given. The main tactical and technical characteristics of these samples are provided. The evaluation of the level of technical perfection by the proportional scale and the "rating-weight" scale of the five most common samples of walking unmanned ground complexes of the Robot Dog type was carried out, and the influence of negative indicators of the technical perfection of the sample on its comprehensive evaluation. The rating among the studied samples of the same type of walking unmanned ground complexes of the Robot Dog type was determined.