A new kind of carbon foam, which is based on the welding of single-walled carbon nanotubes, is built in a computer simulation. Its precisely defined architecture and all atomic positions allow one to perform detailed theoretical analysis of the properties. Such foam is as light as 1∕9 of steel, while its stiffness is similar and nearly isotropic, and it represents a strong three-dimensional material with various possible applications. Furthermore, its nanoporous structure is accessible to molecular hydrogen and the potential surface analysis indicates that it should be an excellent hydrogen storage medium. Importantly, such foam is a feasible structure that can be produced based on the known tube/fullerene welding techniques.

In this work, the sensor response of MPcF_x (M = Cu, Co, Zn; x = 0, 4, 16) films toward gaseous NH₃ (10–50 ppm) was studied by a chemiresistive method and compared to that of unsubstituted MPc films to reveal the effects of central metals and F-substituents on the sensing properties. A combination of atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques have been used to elucidate the structural features of thin MPcF_x films deposited by organic molecular beam deposition. It has been shown that the sensor response of MPcF₄ films to ammonia is noticeably higher than that of MPc films, which is in good correlation with the values of binding energy between the metal phthalocyanine and NH₃ molecules, as calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) method. At the same time, in contrast to the DFT calculations, MPcF₁₆ demonstrated the lesser sensor response compared with MPcF₄, which appeared to be connected with the different structure and morphology of their films. The ZnPcF₄ films were shown to exhibit a sensitivity to ammonia up to concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm, and can be used for the selective detection of ammonia in the presence of some reducing gases and volatile organic compounds. Moreover, the ZnPcF₄ films can be used for the detection of NH₃ in the gas mixture simulating exhaled air (N₂ 76%, O₂ 16%, H₂O 5%, and CO₂ 3%).