The work is devoted to the study of the climatic effects of black carbon (BC) transferred from forest fires to the Arctic zone. The HYSPLIT (The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model) trajectory model was used to initially assess the potential for particle transport from fires. The results of the trajectory analysis of the 2019 fires showed that the probability of the transfer of particles to the Arctic ranges from 1% to 10%, and in some cases increases to 20%. Detailed studies of the possible influence of BC ejected as a result of fires became possible by using the climate model of the INMCM5 (Institute of Numerical Mathematics Climate Model). The results of the numerical experiments have shown that the maximum concentration of BC in the Arctic atmosphere is observed in July and August and is associated with emissions from fires. The deposition of BC in the Arctic increases by about 1.5–2 times in the same months, in comparison with simulation without forest fire emissions. This caused an average decrease in solar radiation forcing of 0.3–0.4 Wt/m² and an increase in atmospheric radiation heating of up to 5–6 Wt/m². To assess the radiation forcing from BC contaminated snow, we used the dependences of the change in the snow albedo on the snow depth, and the albedo of the underlying surface for a given amount of BC fallen on the snow. These dependences were constructed on the basis of the SNICAR (Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiative) model. According to our calculations, the direct radiative forcing from BC in the atmosphere with a clear sky is a maximum of 4–5 W/m² in July and August.

A methodology is proposed to obtain consistent and coherent estimates of greenhouse gas and precursor gas emissions from road transport and off-road vehicles and to quantify their accuracy and uncertainty. Accuracy increase of the estimates is achieved by detailing the initial data, reflecting the specific features of the national vehicle fleet structure and transport activity indicators, for which a wide range of statistical, probabilistic and expert methods are used. Using the methodology implemented in the “Transport Model” software product, it is possible to reconstruct time series of emissions for previous periods with an assessment of their accuracy and uncertainties, as well as to perform scenario modelling in order to forecast future emissions. The methodology was used to obtain quantitative estimates of three types of greenhouse gases emissions and three precursor gases from road transport and off-road vehicles for the period of 2010 to 2022, to compare the results with National Inventory data, to produce emission estimates for four categories of off-road vehicles for the first time, and to estimate fuel consumption and changes in the number of vehicles of all categories for the period of 1990 to 2022. An information array containing official statistical data on indirect indicators of transport activity by vehicle category for the period of 1990 to 2022 was compiled, the results of the emissions calculations were compared with the indirect indicators using multiple regression methods, and the accuracy and uncertainties of these results were quantitatively assessed. The estimated greenhouse gas emissions were considered as random values for which a confidence interval was calculated as an indicator of uncertainty and a median correction as an indicator of accuracy. The high quality of the results of the calculations based on the methodology considered was confirmed.

Black carbon is commonly considered as a short-lived climate forcer, the relatively short lifetime of which can cause climatic effects at the regional leve

To achieve the Paris Agreement's temperature goal, greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced as soon as, and by as much, as possible. By mid-century, CO2 emissions would need to be cut to zero, and total greenhouse gases would need to be net zero just after mid-century. Achieving carbon neutrality is impossible without carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere through afforestation/reforestation. It is necessary to ensure carbon storage for a period of 100 years or more. The study focuses on the theoretical feasibility of an integrated climate project involving carbon storage, emissions reduction and sequestration through the systemic implementation of plantation forestry of fast-growing eucalyptus species in Brazil, the production of long-life wood building materials and their deposition. The project defines two performance indicators: a) emission reduction units; and b) financial costs. We identified the baseline scenarios for each stage of the potential climate project and developed different trajectory options for the project scenario. Possible negative environmental and reputational effects as well as leakages outside of the project design were considered. Over 7 years of the plantation life cycle, the total CO2 sequestration is expected to reach 403 tCO2∙ha−1. As a part of the project, we proposed to recycle or deposit for a long term the most part of the unused wood residues that account for 30% of total phytomass. The full project cycle can ensure that up to 95% of the carbon emissions from the grown wood will be sustainably avoided.

The national inventory of anthropogenic emissions from different sources and absorption of greenhouse gases by sinks is a form of annual reporting by the R

В работе представлены результаты оценки выбросов парниковых газов сектора «Промышленные процессы и использование продуктов» регионального кадастра Чеченской Республики. В 2022 году суммарные выбросы составили 517,5 тыс. т СО2-экв. Основным источником выбросов является категория производство цемента. Общая неопределенность оценки выбросов для сектора в 2022 году составила 10,7%. Расчеты выполнены для выборочных годов стандартного временного ряда - 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020, 2021 и 2022 годы.