Although skinfold-derived equations seem to be practical for field application in estimating body fat percentage (BF%) and minimum body mass in Olympic wrestlers, prediction equations applied first need to be cross-validated in Olympic wrestlers to define the best prediction equation. This study aimed to evaluate the most accurate field method to predict BF% in Olympic wrestlers compared to BF% estimated by air displacement plethysmography (ADP). Sixty-one male (body mass 72.4 ± 13.5 kg; height 170.3 ± 7.0 cm; body mass index (BMI) 24.9 ± 3.5 kg.m⁻²; BF% 8.5 ± 4.9%) and twenty-five female wrestlers (body mass 60.3 ± 9.9 kg; height 161.3 ± 7.1 cm; BMI 23.1 ± 2.5 kg.m⁻²; BF% 18.7 ± 4.7%) undertook body composition assessments including ADP and nine-site skinfold measurements. Correlations, bias, limits of agreement, and standardized differences between alterations in BF% measured by ADP and other prediction equations were evaluated to validate measures, and multiple regression analyses to develop an Olympic wrestlers-specific prediction formula. The Stewart and Hannan equation for male wrestlers and the Durnin and Womersley equation for female wrestlers provided the most accurate BF% compared to the measured BF% by ADP, with the lowest bias and presented no significant differences between the measured and predicted BF%. A new prediction equation was developed using only abdominal skinfold and sex as variables, predicting 83.2% of the variance. The findings suggest the use of the new wrestler-specific prediction equation proposed in the study as a valid and accurate alternative to ADP to quantify BF% among Olympic wrestlers.

Various potentially related factors, such as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and anthropometric, physiological, genetic, and chronotype data, can contribute to athletes' training programs. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA), phase angle (PhA) values, and aerobic power in female and male combat athletes. PhA, lean mass (kg), fat mass (kg), and body fat percentage (%) values of the athletes were measured using the BIA method. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured using a mobile cardiopulmonary exercise test system. Statistical tests included analyses of bivariate correlation, t-tests, and multiple regressions. All parameters differed except for male and female athletes' age and training experience. Male athletes have higher maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and PhA values than female athletes. BIA and PhA were differentially (small-medium) associated with absolute and relative VO2max in all athletes (p<0.05), whereas no correlation was found between both PhA and relative VO2max, respectively. The relationship between PhA and VO2max is more revealing, especially in male and female athletes. PhA and BIA have the potential to be used in the field by conditioning and trainers to assess aerobic endurance swiftly; this can aid in determining competition readiness, training progress, and monitoring the recovery of muscle performance following injury.

In recent years, there has been a growing focus on exploring the benefits of naturally occurring phytochemicals for post-exercise recovery, health preservation, and performance enhancement. The trend towards personalized approaches for optimizing athletic performance, especially in endurance and strength sports, has led to an increased investigation of phytochemicals in the sports performance studies. Acknowledging the role of sports nutrition in influencing performance, the tailored dietary interventions before, during, and after training or competition to expedite recovery has been studied extensively in recent decades. The individualized nature of these interventions considers various factors such as the specific sport, gender, training periodization, athlete’s goals, and environmental influences. Polyphenols like anthocyanins (found in blackcurrant and blueberry), curcumin, quercetin, cocoa flavanols, and resveratrol are frequently linked with sports performance. Existing literature suggests that polyphenol supplements may alleviate muscle soreness and enhance recovery from exercise-induced muscular injuries. While it has been demonstrated that polyphenol supplements can reduce oxidative stress, minimize muscle damage, and the effects of anthocyanins on blood flow, metabolic pathways, and positive effects on peripheral muscle fatigue expedite recovery, the impact of acute or long-term consumption on strength and endurance performance remains uncertain. Consequently, further research is needed to assess the potential ergogenic benefits of polyphenol consumption on exercise performance.