The La₂O₃-doped basaltic glass simulated high-level waste form (HLW) was prepared by the solid-state melt method. The simulated waste La₂O₃ maximum loading and the doping effect on structure, thermal stability, leaching behavior, density, and hardness of basaltic glasses were studied. XRD and SEM results show that the simulated waste loading of La₂O₃ in basaltic glass can be up to ~46 wt.%, and apatite (CaLa₄(SiO₄)₃O) precipitates when the content of La₂O₃ reaches 56 wt.%. Raman results indicate that the addition of La₂O₃ breaks the Si–O–Si bond of large-membered and four-membered, but the number of A1³⁺ involved in the formation of the network increase. Low content of La₂O₃ can help to repair the glass network, but it destroys the network as above 26 wt.%. DSC results show the thermal stability of simulated waste forms first increases and then decreases with the increase of La₂O₃ content. With the increase of La₂O₃ content, the density of the simulated waste form increases, and the hardness decreases. The leaching chemical stability of samples was evaluated by the ASTM Product Consistency Test (PCT) Method, which show that all the samples have good chemical stability. The leaching rates of La and Fe are three orders of magnitude lower than those of the other elements. Among them, L36 has the best comprehensive leaching performance.

Basaltic glass was prepared via the solid-state melt method, using Ce⁴⁺ to simulate tetravalent actinides. The structure, thermal stability and leaching characteristics of basaltic glass with different contents of CeO₂ were investigated. The XRD/SEM-EDX/Raman results showed that the simulated waste loading of CeO₂ in basaltic glass reached ~ 18 wt%, and CeO₂ crystals precipitated when the CeO₂ content reached 20 wt%. XPS analysis revealed that approximately half of the Ce⁴⁺ ions in the basaltic glass doped with CeO₂ were reduced to Ce³⁺ ions. The DSC results showed that the thermal stability increased with increasing CeO₂ content. The ASTM product consistency test (PCT) results indicated that all the samples had good leaching resistance. Among them, the standard mass loss of Ce was the greatest after 28 days: The NL _Ce was 2 orders of magnitude lower than those of the other elements.

Aiming at the reliability thermal design of avionics equipment, based on the reliability thermal simulation and analysis method of flotherm, the CFD digital prototype is established. The thermal simulation and thermal test of avionics equipment model are carried out at room temperature, and the results of temperature data of both are compared. The error is less than 5% to verify the correctness of the model. The thermal simulation analysis of the high temperature 70 °C environment conditions is carried out by using the simulation model, and the latent heat dissipation problems and weak links of the components in the thermal design of avionics equipment are obtained. The location and cause of potential failure are pointed out to guide the thermal design of avionics equipment and improve the reliability of avionics equipment.

A power reactor in China was used as the subject, and based on the composition of its spent fuel, simulated waste basaltic glasses were prepared by the solid-state melting method. Among them, Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺, Nd³⁺ and La³⁺ are used to simulate Np⁴⁺/Np³⁺, Am³⁺ and U³⁺ in high-level nuclear waste (HLW), respectively. The structure, thermal stability and leaching characteristics of basaltic glasses with different contents of simulated waste were investigated. The XRD/SEM-EDX/Raman results revealed that the loading of simulated waste in basaltic glass reached ~ 25 wt%, and NiFe₂O₄ crystals precipitated when the simulated waste content reached 25 wt%. When the content of simulated waste reached 40 wt%, a small amount of yellow material precipitated from the upper surface of the sample. The DSC and ASTM standard MCC-1 results indicated that all the samples had good thermal stability and leaching resistance.

Basaltic glass‑ceramics were prepared by melting basaltic glass, cooling the melt to the nucleation temperature, followed by a two‑stage nucleation‑crystallization heat‑treatment. Ce, Nd, and La were used to simulate U, Np, and Am in high‑level nuclear waste (HLW), respectively. The structure and leaching characteristics of basaltic glass-ceramics with different contents of simulated Actinides were investigated. The XRD and SEM results indicated the simulated actinides loading reaches 40 wt.%. When the content of simulated actinides exceeded 20 wt.%, the main crystal phase of the basaltic glass-ceramics was oxyapatite. As the content of the simulated actinides increases, the content of oxyapatite crystals increases, which indicates that an increase in the simulated nuclides content actually promotes the formation of basaltic glass-ceramic. The Raman results showed when the amount of simulated actinides exceeds 20 wt.%, the characteristic spectra of oxyapatite crystals appeared in the Raman spectra. The PCT test results showed the normalized mass loss of Na is the greatest, and the normalized leaching rates of rare earth elements are 4 orders of magnitude lower than that of Si and Na.