The La₂O₃-doped basaltic glass simulated high-level waste form (HLW) was prepared by the solid-state melt method. The simulated waste La₂O₃ maximum loading and the doping effect on structure, thermal stability, leaching behavior, density, and hardness of basaltic glasses were studied. XRD and SEM results show that the simulated waste loading of La₂O₃ in basaltic glass can be up to ~46 wt.%, and apatite (CaLa₄(SiO₄)₃O) precipitates when the content of La₂O₃ reaches 56 wt.%. Raman results indicate that the addition of La₂O₃ breaks the Si–O–Si bond of large-membered and four-membered, but the number of A1³⁺ involved in the formation of the network increase. Low content of La₂O₃ can help to repair the glass network, but it destroys the network as above 26 wt.%. DSC results show the thermal stability of simulated waste forms first increases and then decreases with the increase of La₂O₃ content. With the increase of La₂O₃ content, the density of the simulated waste form increases, and the hardness decreases. The leaching chemical stability of samples was evaluated by the ASTM Product Consistency Test (PCT) Method, which show that all the samples have good chemical stability. The leaching rates of La and Fe are three orders of magnitude lower than those of the other elements. Among them, L36 has the best comprehensive leaching performance.

Glass-ceramics acquired from the melting of rocks have a vast application marketplace. In this study, an olivine basalt rock from Zhangjiakou in China was selected as a raw material to prepare basalt glass-ceramics, and the crystallization kinetics of olivine basalt glass was investigated using differential thermal analysis. Polarizing microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis results revealed that the main mineral compositions of olivine basalt are plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, and iron oxide(s). Three crystallization peaks were observed in the DSC curve of the olivine basalt glass. The Avrami exponent (n), apparent activation energies for the crystallization, and glass transition of basalt glass were determined using the Owaza method based on data obtained from isothermal measurements. The crystallization activation energies (E) of the three crystallization peaks of olivine basalt glass were 314.20 kJ/mol, 1232.49 kJ/mol, and 696.89 kJ/mol, respectively. In addition to this, the crystal growth index indicated that the crystallization mode in the olivine basalt glass was surface crystallization. The crystallization phases and microstructure of the olivine basalt glass heated at 860 °C, 1100 °C, and 1180 °C were also studied. The conclusions obtained offer some useful information for the preparation of basalt glass-ceramics from olivine basalt rocks.