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Fast prediction of thermal behaviour of buildings and substation connected to district heating systems is an important aspect for implementing technique aimed at reducing primary energy consumption and consequently pollutant emission, such as demand side management, network expansion, renewable sources penetration, integration of waste heat. In this work, an approach to model the end-users connected to a district heating network (each building and each substation) is proposed. A physical model is used, which is calibrated through a proper approach using experimental data. The main strength of the work is that only data that are usually measured in district heating substations (temperature and mass flow rates in the substation) and building volume are required to obtain the model. This makes the model creation and its use automatic and applicable to a wide range of district heating systems also in case other data are not available. This characteristic is essential to make the model suitable for large networks including various thousands of substations. Results show that the model allows simulating the effects of modifications in district heating system operations in terms of building thermal request and temperature variation with an average errors lower than 5% for all the measures analysed.
Elisa Guelpa; Ludovica Marincioni. Automatic modelling of buildings and thermal substations for large district heating systems. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 318, 128351 .
AMA StyleElisa Guelpa, Ludovica Marincioni. Automatic modelling of buildings and thermal substations for large district heating systems. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 318 ():128351.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisa Guelpa; Ludovica Marincioni. 2021. "Automatic modelling of buildings and thermal substations for large district heating systems." Journal of Cleaner Production 318, no. : 128351.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is widely used to simulate tunnels and partially substitute on-site tests. As technology advances, new application opportunities appear; some examples are the optimal operation of ventilation and emergency systems, risk assessment of tunnels and training of the operators. Even when the computational capacity of computers has grown, CFD is still constrained by the large amount of computational resources needed in long tunnels. This introduces a need for methods able to reduce the amount of time required for simulations. To face this need, a novel 1D–3D multiscale model is presented in this paper. The model incorporates the code Whitesmoke into FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) through a direct coupling. Whitesmoke manages the fluid dynamics, temperature and concentration of species in the 1D portion, while FDS calculates these fields in the portion where fire occurs. Using this multiscale model, the computation time for long tunnels is reduced, proportionally to the 1D length in the domain. Also, additional simulation capabilities particularly useful for tunnel analysis are obtained. Some new characteristics are pressure boundary conditions can be easily imposed at the tunnel portals or at the ventilation shafts; the characteristic curves of the fans/jet-fans can be included, also considering the degradation effects due to smoke propagation; the piston effect can be properly considered. Our research verifies most of its capabilities, also clarifying its limitations and the criteria used to set the domain for the analysis. As a final step, the model is tested in a tunnel with a cross section of 4.8 m and 600 m of length with a 2 MW fire, comparing its performance with a full 3D FDS simulation. The difference in temperature and velocity is minimal for most of the domain, making It a good way to optimize resource usage in large simulations. Furthermore, the multiscale manages to reduce the computational time of more than a 50%.
Vittorio Verda; Romano Borchiellini; Sara Cosentino; Elisa Guelpa; Jesus Mejias Tuni. Expanding the FDS Simulation Capabilities to Fire Tunnel Scenarios Through a Novel Multi-scale Model. Fire Technology 2021, 57, 2491 -2514.
AMA StyleVittorio Verda, Romano Borchiellini, Sara Cosentino, Elisa Guelpa, Jesus Mejias Tuni. Expanding the FDS Simulation Capabilities to Fire Tunnel Scenarios Through a Novel Multi-scale Model. Fire Technology. 2021; 57 (5):2491-2514.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVittorio Verda; Romano Borchiellini; Sara Cosentino; Elisa Guelpa; Jesus Mejias Tuni. 2021. "Expanding the FDS Simulation Capabilities to Fire Tunnel Scenarios Through a Novel Multi-scale Model." Fire Technology 57, no. 5: 2491-2514.
With the 2010/31/EU directive, all new buildings shall be nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEB) from 2020 onward, with the aim of strongly reducing the energy consumption related to the building sector. To achieve this goal, it is not sufficient to focus on the design of the building envelope; smart and efficient energy management is necessary. Moreover, to ensure the adoption of RES systems in the built environment, innovative technologies need to be further developed in order to increase their cost-effectiveness, energy efficiency and integration capability. This paper proposes a synthesis, design and operation optimization of an integrated multi-energy system composed of traditional and innovative renewable technologies, developed within the European project Re-COGNITION. A biogas-based micro cogeneration unit, lightweight glass-free photovoltaic modules, a passive variable geometry small wind turbine optimized for an urban environment and latent heat thermal storage based on phase change materials are some of the technologies developed within the Re-COGNITION project. The optimization problem is solved to contemporarily evaluate (a) the optimal design and (b) the optimal operations of the set of technologies considering both investment and operating costs, using mixed integer non-linear programming. The optimization is applied to the four pilots that are developed during the project, in various European cities (Turin (Italy), Corby (United Kingdom), Thessaloniki (Greece), Cluj-Napoca (Romania). Simulation results show that the development and optimal exploitation of new technologies through optimization strategies provide significant benefits in terms of cost (between 11% and 42%) and emissions (between 10% and 25%), managing building import/export energy and charge/discharge storage cycles.
Giulia Mancò; Elisa Guelpa; Alessandro Colangelo; Alessandro Virtuani; Tommaso Morbiato; Vittorio Verda. Innovative Renewable Technology Integration for Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings within the Re-COGNITION Project. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1938 .
AMA StyleGiulia Mancò, Elisa Guelpa, Alessandro Colangelo, Alessandro Virtuani, Tommaso Morbiato, Vittorio Verda. Innovative Renewable Technology Integration for Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings within the Re-COGNITION Project. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):1938.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGiulia Mancò; Elisa Guelpa; Alessandro Colangelo; Alessandro Virtuani; Tommaso Morbiato; Vittorio Verda. 2021. "Innovative Renewable Technology Integration for Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings within the Re-COGNITION Project." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 1938.
The transition towards 4th generation systems is making district heating increasingly efficient and complex: a broad variety of novelties are being introduced, like the ever-growing integration of renewable sources, the use of lower operating temperatures, the interaction with other energy grids. These new elements are challenging the features of existing numerical models, which may be better analyzed and revisited taking into account the even more important role assumed by thermal transients. In this framework, the aim of this paper is to study the effect of the heat capacities of the steel pipe and of the insulation layer on the thermal response of the systems. Four different approaches are presented and compared: a one-equation model, a two-equations model, a three-equation model, and an equivalent one-equation model. These approaches are tested over a pure advection problem in a long pipe. The performances of each model are evaluated both in terms of accuracy and computational effort. Then, an application to the Turin district heating network, is discussed. Results show that the equivalent one-equation model is capable to produce accurate solutions with impressive computational time reductions (more than 96%) with respect to the more detailed methods.
Martina Capone; Elisa Guelpa; Vittorio Verda. Accounting for pipeline thermal capacity in district heating simulations. Energy 2020, 219, 119663 .
AMA StyleMartina Capone, Elisa Guelpa, Vittorio Verda. Accounting for pipeline thermal capacity in district heating simulations. Energy. 2020; 219 ():119663.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartina Capone; Elisa Guelpa; Vittorio Verda. 2020. "Accounting for pipeline thermal capacity in district heating simulations." Energy 219, no. : 119663.
Nowadays, flexibility through energy storage constitutes a key feature for the optimal management of energy systems. Concerning thermal energy, Latent Heat Thermal Storage (LHTS) units are characterized by a significantly higher energy density with respect to sensible storage systems. For this reason, they represent an interesting solution where limited space is available. Nevertheless, their market development is limited by engineering issues and, most importantly, by scarce knowledge about LHTS integration in existing energy systems. This study presents a new modeling approach to quickly characterize the dynamic behavior of an LHTS unit. The thermal power released or absorbed by a LHTS module is expressed only as a function of the current and the initial state of charge. The proposed model allows simulating even partial charge and discharge processes. Results are fairly accurate when compared to a 2D finite volume model, although the computational effort is considerably lower. Summarizing, the proposed model could be used to investigate optimal LHTS control strategies at the system level. In this paper, two relevant case studies are presented: (a) the reduction of the morning thermal power peak in District Heating systems; and (b) the optimal energy supply schedule in multi-energy systems.
Alessandro Colangelo; Elisa Guelpa; Andrea Lanzini; Giulia Mancò; Vittorio Verda. Compact Model of Latent Heat Thermal Storage for Its Integration in Multi-Energy Systems. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 8970 .
AMA StyleAlessandro Colangelo, Elisa Guelpa, Andrea Lanzini, Giulia Mancò, Vittorio Verda. Compact Model of Latent Heat Thermal Storage for Its Integration in Multi-Energy Systems. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (24):8970.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlessandro Colangelo; Elisa Guelpa; Andrea Lanzini; Giulia Mancò; Vittorio Verda. 2020. "Compact Model of Latent Heat Thermal Storage for Its Integration in Multi-Energy Systems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24: 8970.
If demand side management in electricity grid is a well known concept, the application to district heating systems (i.e. modifying the thermal demand in order to make it more compliant with the heat production) is significantly less widespread. Various attempts can be found in the literature concerning thermal demand modification in district heating, despite often researchers working on this topic are not fully aware of the other research activities also because various names are used to identify similar techniques. This paper represents the first survey on the use demand side application in district heating networks. The review clarifies the terminology and the stages for implementing demand side management to district heating network. Simulations and real applications are both considered in the review, including direct and indirect demand side management (demand response). Demand side management is found to be a great technique for district heating management. Various works show that the following benefits can be achieved: peak shaving up to 30%, doubled load factor, reduction of primary energy needs up to 5%, emission and cost reduction up to 10%. This clearly leads to significant cost and emission reduction, contributing to the decarbonization of urban areas.
Elisa Guelpa; Vittorio Verda. Demand response and other demand side management techniques for district heating: A review. Energy 2020, 219, 119440 .
AMA StyleElisa Guelpa, Vittorio Verda. Demand response and other demand side management techniques for district heating: A review. Energy. 2020; 219 ():119440.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisa Guelpa; Vittorio Verda. 2020. "Demand response and other demand side management techniques for district heating: A review." Energy 219, no. : 119440.
During district heating operations, part of the heat supplied to the network is used to increase the temperature of the various components (e.g. transport and distribution networks, heat exchangers installed in the substations, heating circuits and heating devices in buildings). The mass of these components acts as a thermal storage, storing heat when their temperature increases and releasing heat when they cool down. The impact may become significant, especially during shutdown or setback. In this paper, the components are analyzed in order to estimate the impact of their thermal capacity on the district heating demand. This provides a clear image of the additional supply used to heat the other thermal masses, that can be managed differently since partially independent from the indoor temperature. Results show that in the case study analyzed, i.e. large system mainly switched off during night, the heat absorbed by the thermal masses corresponds to the 4% of the heat supplied during the entire day and 70% of the heat provided during the peak. The various thermal masses affect the extra heat absorbed to a similar extent (except for radiators). Results provide a clue that proper management of thermal masses for energy saving might be considered.
Elisa Guelpa. Impact of thermal masses on the peak load in district heating systems. Energy 2020, 214, 118849 .
AMA StyleElisa Guelpa. Impact of thermal masses on the peak load in district heating systems. Energy. 2020; 214 ():118849.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisa Guelpa. 2020. "Impact of thermal masses on the peak load in district heating systems." Energy 214, no. : 118849.
A crucial way to reach a future sustainable society concerns the path towards nearly zero-energy buildings because of large amounts of energy at stake. The present work proposes an approach for the optimal integration of small-scale technologies (renewable and traditional) to enhance the pathway of existing and inefficient buildings towards low-carbon systems in a cost–benefit effective manner. Operation optimization, as well as an innovative combined design, is investigated with the goal of selecting the capacity of the technologies to be installed depending on the expected operations. The renewable technologies are integrated with proper storage units, such as batteries and latent thermal storage, which allows for reducing the space required for the installation. Two different non-linear programming approaches are used with the aim of finding an optimal solution. The optimization allows for reducing operation costs of 22% for renewable energy sources (RES)-fed dwellings. The combined operation and design optimization lead to a reduction in installation and operating costs by 7%. In the analyzed case, the adoption of the advanced optimization approach shows that latent heat storage is more suitable to be installed than electric storage (−2.5% cost).
Elisa Guelpa; Giulia Mancò; Vittorio Verda. Optimal Integration of Renewable Sources and Latent Heat Storages for Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings. Proceedings 2020, 58, 35 .
AMA StyleElisa Guelpa, Giulia Mancò, Vittorio Verda. Optimal Integration of Renewable Sources and Latent Heat Storages for Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings. Proceedings. 2020; 58 (1):35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisa Guelpa; Giulia Mancò; Vittorio Verda. 2020. "Optimal Integration of Renewable Sources and Latent Heat Storages for Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings." Proceedings 58, no. 1: 35.
Network modelling is crucial for the simulation of district heating system responses to changes in operating conditions. Various applications, aimed at finding optimal district heating design and operations, neglect or strongly simplify the network dynamics. In this paper, the effect of including network dynamics in district heating system modelling has been analyzed. Different physical contributions have been considered separately: thermal losses, thermal transients and delay time due to the various costumer distances. This allows estimating the significance of the various phenomena in the estimation of the thermal request, in particular during demand peaks. Results shows that the thermal power required by the thermal plant is significantly different if evaluated relying on a network model or not; in case of thermal peak this is under-estimated up to 20% if the network dynamic is not taken into account. In particular, the inclusion of the thermal transient in the model is found to be crucial for considerably improving the result accuracy in the peak estimation. Effects for inclusion of thermal losses calculation have been quantified; errors reaches 4% in case of not perfectly insulated pipelines. The effect of neglecting network dynamics have also been analyzed in the context of demand side management (DSM) district heating systems. In particular, the effects are tested on a model for the best rescheduling of on-off time of the building heating device to optimally shave the thermal peak. Results show that the benefits achieved by the demand response model that include the thermal dynamics contribution increase from 1 to 18%; this is because the contribution of the different times the water trains takes to reach the plants (from the buildings) and of the water in the pipelines cooled down during night are relevant. Furthermore, different options are discussed to take into account compactly the network dynamic.
Elisa Guelpa. Impact of network modelling in the analysis of district heating systems. Energy 2020, 213, 118393 .
AMA StyleElisa Guelpa. Impact of network modelling in the analysis of district heating systems. Energy. 2020; 213 ():118393.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisa Guelpa. 2020. "Impact of network modelling in the analysis of district heating systems." Energy 213, no. : 118393.
In this work, an exergoeconomic analysis is applied to the power cycle of a concentrated solar plant for its design improvement. A supercritical CO2 cycle connected with the exothermic reactor of a thermochemical storage unit is considered. The analysis is conducted with the goal of highlighting the advantages of exergoeconomic analysis while suggesting changes to both the design parameters and the system configuration. Starting from the plant configuration which guarantees the maximum efficiency, the exergoeconomic analysis is iteratively applied with the goal of reducing the unit cost of electricity. The analysis is conducted in a way that cost functions of the components can be substituted with the cost analysis of specific designs. This is a big advantage of this procedure, which is suitable for applications in which economic analysis requires a detailed knowledge of the system characteristics. The procedure is then validated comparing the results with those obtained through mathematical optimization.
Elisa Guelpa; Vittorio Verda. Exergoeconomic analysis for the design improvement of supercritical CO2 cycle in concentrated solar plant. Energy 2020, 206, 118024 .
AMA StyleElisa Guelpa, Vittorio Verda. Exergoeconomic analysis for the design improvement of supercritical CO2 cycle in concentrated solar plant. Energy. 2020; 206 ():118024.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisa Guelpa; Vittorio Verda. 2020. "Exergoeconomic analysis for the design improvement of supercritical CO2 cycle in concentrated solar plant." Energy 206, no. : 118024.
In a multienergy framework, power-to-heat technology is becoming increasingly attractive. This interest is mainly due to the possibility of exploiting excesses and unbalances of electricity, which are becoming more and more common with the increasing capacity of the renewable sources. An interesting option consists in using heat pumps to convert excess of electricity produced by photovoltaic systems (especially in the midday hours) into cold to be provided to district heating and district cooling networks. This article aims to propose a methodology to select the best heat pump location in district cooling system. The analysis is performed with the aim of minimizing the cost of network construction and pumping. The procedure includes the best heat pump location and the design of the pipeline. Results show that distributed heat pumps allow one reducing both the costs and the average pipeline diameters by about 50% with respect to concentrated production. Furthermore, the optimal location of distributed heat pumps allows reducing costs of about 7% with respect to a uniformly distributed production.
Elisa Guelpa; Luca Bellando; Antonio Giordano; Vittorio Verda. Optimal Configuration of Power-to-Cool Technology in District Cooling Systems. Proceedings of the IEEE 2020, 108, 1612 -1622.
AMA StyleElisa Guelpa, Luca Bellando, Antonio Giordano, Vittorio Verda. Optimal Configuration of Power-to-Cool Technology in District Cooling Systems. Proceedings of the IEEE. 2020; 108 (9):1612-1622.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisa Guelpa; Luca Bellando; Antonio Giordano; Vittorio Verda. 2020. "Optimal Configuration of Power-to-Cool Technology in District Cooling Systems." Proceedings of the IEEE 108, no. 9: 1612-1622.
Municipal Solid Waste disposal is still a crucial issue, which is influenced by heterogeneous factors (political, social, economic and technological). The Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) plant is an important element of an Integrated Solid Waste Management system. These plants are aimed at separating the light and dry fraction of the Unsorted Waste from the wet one, producing the Refused Derived Fuel and recovering the metal parts. In the present work, an Exergoeconomic analysis is performed on two MBT plant structures in order to assess the unit exergy-based cost of products and allocate the irreversibility associated to each equipment. A linear variation of degree of Selective Collection (SC) of single materials (±30% respect to the base case) shows that the major influence on production costs is associated to the SC of plastic. A Monte Carlo simulation is then carried out by sampling from distributions of external (waste composition) and internal (energy consumption) uncertain variables. The resulted mean values (μ) and standard deviations (RStD) can be useful at the time of designing a new plant. The influence of the internal variable is definitely lower than the external one, with values of RStD more than 90% lower.
Sofia Russo; Vittorio Verda. Exergoeconomic analysis of a Mechanical Biological Treatment plant in an Integrated Solid Waste Management system including uncertainties. Energy 2020, 198, 117325 .
AMA StyleSofia Russo, Vittorio Verda. Exergoeconomic analysis of a Mechanical Biological Treatment plant in an Integrated Solid Waste Management system including uncertainties. Energy. 2020; 198 ():117325.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSofia Russo; Vittorio Verda. 2020. "Exergoeconomic analysis of a Mechanical Biological Treatment plant in an Integrated Solid Waste Management system including uncertainties." Energy 198, no. : 117325.
Coupling of Concentrated Solar Power and Thermo-Chemical Energy Storage is a very interesting option because of the high efficiencies attainable with a renewable source and the large variation of solar radiation. Thermo-Chemical Energy Storage based on Calcium-Looping represents a promising opportunity thanks to high operating temperature, high energy density, null thermal losses and cheap calcium oxide precursor exploitable. The large variety of suitable power blocks and the importance of their integration in the discharging process makes it necessary to perform a coherent analysis of the selected alternatives, in order to compare them and establish the most convenient integration. Many aspects must be taken into account, such as system efficiency, investment costs and layout complexity. The purposes of the present work are: the development of a methodology to simulate the entire plant operations; the synthesis of heat recovery systems for both the charging and discharging processes; the execution of an economic analysis and the development of economic optimizations for the design/dimensioning of solar side and calciner side. Between the options investigated, power blocks based on supercritical CO2 are the most convenient both in terms of global efficiency (higher than 19%) and capital investment, keeping this advantage also for higher plant sizes. The methodology here developed and the results obtained are useful information for a deeper analysis of the most promising integration alternative, which is performed in the second part of this study.
U. Tesio; E. Guelpa; V. Verda. Integration of thermochemical energy storage in concentrated solar power. Part 1: Energy and economic analysis/optimization. Energy Conversion and Management: X 2020, 6, 100039 .
AMA StyleU. Tesio, E. Guelpa, V. Verda. Integration of thermochemical energy storage in concentrated solar power. Part 1: Energy and economic analysis/optimization. Energy Conversion and Management: X. 2020; 6 ():100039.
Chicago/Turabian StyleU. Tesio; E. Guelpa; V. Verda. 2020. "Integration of thermochemical energy storage in concentrated solar power. Part 1: Energy and economic analysis/optimization." Energy Conversion and Management: X 6, no. : 100039.
Among the various options of Thermo-Chemical Energy Storage, Calcium-Looping represents a promising alternative for Concentrated Solar Power plants, thanks to high operating temperatures, high energy density and absence of thermal losses. Finding the most suitable power cycle for this system is a task that has still to be solved and is not trivial because it consists in a complex process synthesis problem. From a preliminary analysis (Part 1), supercritical CO2 cycles results to be the most promising option. In the present work, the integration of this power block (pilot plant size, 2 MWe) is deeply investigated through a comprehensive analysis. Numerous thermal cycle layouts are considered and two options for the power block thermal feeding are assumed. The HEATSEP methodology (comprising genetic algorithm, pinch analysis and bisection) is adopted to optimize both components operating conditions and heat transfer processes in the discharging phase. The plant section devoted to the charging process is optimized and dimensioned taking into account the transient operation. Thanks to the complex problem structure developed, the algorithm is free to find the most suitable configuration between a huge set of feasible combinations. Both energy and economic optimizations are performed for the complete plant and, being in contrast between them, a multi-objective optimization is executed. The independent variables influence on the resulting configuration is assessed and intermediate layouts obtained from the Pareto curve are commented. Carbonator inlet temperature of reactants are observed to increase with plant efficiency. The maximum efficiency (21%) is obtained with the most complex power block (recompression, intercooling and reheating) exchanging heat directly on the carbonator wall. Less performing discharging processes are cheaper but determine higher costs of charging sections; the resulting effect is positive and the integration of simpler power blocks results economically convenient. A power cycle with single intercooling and thermal feeding performed on the carbonator outflows is the result of economic optimization (efficiency equal to 16.3%). The algorithm gives precedence to power block thermal feeding and then to reactants preheating. Novel plant layouts are designed for these configurations and data useful for further investigations are provided in the last part of this work.
U. Tesio; E. Guelpa; V. Verda. Integration of thermochemical energy storage in concentrated solar power. Part 2: Comprehensive optimization of supercritical CO2 power block. Energy Conversion and Management: X 2020, 6, 100038 .
AMA StyleU. Tesio, E. Guelpa, V. Verda. Integration of thermochemical energy storage in concentrated solar power. Part 2: Comprehensive optimization of supercritical CO2 power block. Energy Conversion and Management: X. 2020; 6 ():100038.
Chicago/Turabian StyleU. Tesio; E. Guelpa; V. Verda. 2020. "Integration of thermochemical energy storage in concentrated solar power. Part 2: Comprehensive optimization of supercritical CO2 power block." Energy Conversion and Management: X 6, no. : 100038.
District heating systems are gaining an increasing importance in the space heating and the production of Domestic Hot Water. Focusing on the geothermal energy as the energy supply of these systems, an optimal design could involve an increased number of geothermal district heating installations. This research presents two different designs of a groundwater heat pump system from the application of initial real data. Both designs differ in the heat pumps: 1 installation in scenario 1 and 3 installations in scenario 2. The procedure includes the calculation of all the required geothermal parameters in both assumptions. Optimization of the drilling schema is carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Technical and economic results reveal that scenario 1 is the most suitable option for the study case here presented. Global initial investment is lower in scenario 1 the same as the annual operational costs since the coefficient of performance of the heat pumps in this scenario 1 is slightly higher than the one of each module of scenario 2.
Cristina Sáez Blázquez; Vittorio Verda; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Arturo Farfán Martín; Diego González-Aguilera. Analysis and optimization of the design parameters of a district groundwater heat pump system in Turin, Italy. Renewable Energy 2019, 149, 374 -383.
AMA StyleCristina Sáez Blázquez, Vittorio Verda, Ignacio Martín Nieto, Arturo Farfán Martín, Diego González-Aguilera. Analysis and optimization of the design parameters of a district groundwater heat pump system in Turin, Italy. Renewable Energy. 2019; 149 ():374-383.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Sáez Blázquez; Vittorio Verda; Ignacio Martín Nieto; Arturo Farfán Martín; Diego González-Aguilera. 2019. "Analysis and optimization of the design parameters of a district groundwater heat pump system in Turin, Italy." Renewable Energy 149, no. : 374-383.
Diagnosis of anomalies in heat exchangers of district heating substations is an essential point to assure high comfort level in buildings, as well as to exploit energy sources efficiently. The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology for automatically detecting fouling in the heat exchangers located in the substations of a district heating system. The methodology is tailored for large district heating networks, where a large number of buildings should be examined with reasonable availability of data. Fouling is analysed using only the data collected by the meters installed in the substations: the mass flow rate on the primary side and the temperatures on both sides of the heat exchanger. Evaluation is difficult due to the rawness of the data gathered and the variable operating conditions, which are adjusted on the basis of the external temperatures and set-points. The software created to implement the proposed methodology receives rough data as the input and it is able to manage data gap and lack of data. Furthermore, it provides a graphical output, which can be used for assisting the operators who manage the network and plan the cleaning schedules. The software has been tested considering space heating substations in six distribution networks of the Turin district heating system, for a total amount of 325 heat exchangers. A regular application of the approach and the cleaning of the heat exchangers presenting fouling is expected to lead to an average annual decrease of about 1.6% of the primary energy consumption in the entire network.
Elisa Guelpa; Vittorio Verda. Automatic fouling detection in district heating substations: Methodology and tests. Applied Energy 2019, 258, 114059 .
AMA StyleElisa Guelpa, Vittorio Verda. Automatic fouling detection in district heating substations: Methodology and tests. Applied Energy. 2019; 258 ():114059.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisa Guelpa; Vittorio Verda. 2019. "Automatic fouling detection in district heating substations: Methodology and tests." Applied Energy 258, no. : 114059.
Two of the most attractive characteristics of Concentrated Solar Power are the high-quality heat exploitable and its capacity for thermal energy storage, which enhance the energy dispatchability in comparison with other renewable sources such as photovoltaics or wind. Consistent efforts are therefore direct to the research of suitable thermodynamic cycles and energy storage systems with low thermal losses and high operating temperatures. However, in the most developed technologies, based on sensible and latent heat storage, high thermal losses are the direct consequence of high operating temperatures. As alternative, Thermochemical Energy Storage systems are gaining attention in the last years. The present work investigates the adoption of a novel Calcium-Looping system for Thermochemical Energy Storage, focusing on the integration on carbonator side. This key integration is directly linked to the energy delivery from the energy storage system and therefore power generation capacity of the plant. An optimization of the carbonator side plant is performed for a direct integration layout, where carbon dioxide from the carbonator evolves through the power block. This analysis aims to maximize the system efficiency acting both on the process components operation and on the thermal transfer between the involved streams. The optimization relies on a novel method based on a genetic algorithm. The pinch analysis is adopted for this study and proper constraints are provided to obtain a configuration exploiting only the renewable energy source. A multi-objective optimization is performed to find out the heat exchanger network topology changes that occur for different operating conditions and derived from this analysis suggestion for systems integration are provided.
U. Tesio; E. Guelpa; Carlos Ortiz; R. Chacartegui; Vittorio Verda. Optimized synthesis/design of the carbonator side for direct integration of thermochemical energy storage in small size Concentrated Solar Power. Energy Conversion and Management: X 2019, 4, 100025 .
AMA StyleU. Tesio, E. Guelpa, Carlos Ortiz, R. Chacartegui, Vittorio Verda. Optimized synthesis/design of the carbonator side for direct integration of thermochemical energy storage in small size Concentrated Solar Power. Energy Conversion and Management: X. 2019; 4 ():100025.
Chicago/Turabian StyleU. Tesio; E. Guelpa; Carlos Ortiz; R. Chacartegui; Vittorio Verda. 2019. "Optimized synthesis/design of the carbonator side for direct integration of thermochemical energy storage in small size Concentrated Solar Power." Energy Conversion and Management: X 4, no. : 100025.
Elisa Guelpa; Adriano Sciacovelli; Vittorio Verda. Thermo-fluid dynamic model of large district heating networks for the analysis of primary energy savings. Energy 2019, 184, 34 -44.
AMA StyleElisa Guelpa, Adriano Sciacovelli, Vittorio Verda. Thermo-fluid dynamic model of large district heating networks for the analysis of primary energy savings. Energy. 2019; 184 ():34-44.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisa Guelpa; Adriano Sciacovelli; Vittorio Verda. 2019. "Thermo-fluid dynamic model of large district heating networks for the analysis of primary energy savings." Energy 184, no. : 34-44.
Elisa Guelpa; Aldo Bischi; Vittorio Verda; Michael Chertkov; Henrik Lund. Towards future infrastructures for sustainable multi-energy systems: A review. Energy 2019, 184, 2 -21.
AMA StyleElisa Guelpa, Aldo Bischi, Vittorio Verda, Michael Chertkov, Henrik Lund. Towards future infrastructures for sustainable multi-energy systems: A review. Energy. 2019; 184 ():2-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElisa Guelpa; Aldo Bischi; Vittorio Verda; Michael Chertkov; Henrik Lund. 2019. "Towards future infrastructures for sustainable multi-energy systems: A review." Energy 184, no. : 2-21.
Alberto Pizzolato; Adriano Sciacovelli; Vittorio Verda. Centralized control of district heating networks during failure events using discrete adjoint sensitivities. Energy 2019, 184, 58 -72.
AMA StyleAlberto Pizzolato, Adriano Sciacovelli, Vittorio Verda. Centralized control of district heating networks during failure events using discrete adjoint sensitivities. Energy. 2019; 184 ():58-72.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlberto Pizzolato; Adriano Sciacovelli; Vittorio Verda. 2019. "Centralized control of district heating networks during failure events using discrete adjoint sensitivities." Energy 184, no. : 58-72.