This review aimed at searching literature for data regarding the inflammasomes’ involvement in the pathogenesis of oral diseases (mainly periodontitis) and general pathologies, including approaches to control inflammasome-related pathogenic mechanisms. The inflammasomes are part of the innate immune response that activates inflammatory caspases by canonical and noncanonical pathways, to control the activity of Gasdermin D. Once an inflammasome is activated, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukins, are released. Thus, inflammasomes are involved in inflammatory, autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. The review also investigated novel therapies based on the use of phytochemicals and pharmaceutical substances for inhibiting inflammasome activity. Pharmaceutical substances can control the inflammasomes by three mechanisms: inhibiting the intracellular signaling pathways (Allopurinol and SS-31), blocking inflammasome components (VX-765, Emricasan and VX-740), and inhibiting cytokines mediated by the inflammasomes (Canakinumab, Anakinra and Rilonacept). Moreover, phytochemicals inhibit the inflammasomes by neutralizing reactive oxygen species. Biomaterials functionalized by the adsorption of therapeutic agents onto different nanomaterials could represent future research directions to facilitate multimodal and sequential treatment in oral pathologies.

Background: Sinus-lift (SL) is a pre-prosthetic procedure with the objective of increasing bone height to achieve implant insertion primary stability in implant-supported prostheses. The biomechanical properties of SL augmentation materials are influenced by their origin, manufacture, bioactive substances addition, receiver, and surgical procedure. This systematic review provides insights into state-of-the-art SL biomaterials, focusing on autologous bone grafting as the gold standard. Methods: The study followed the PRISMA flow diagram, searching WoS (Web of Science), Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases using the search terms «sinus lift» OR «sinus augmentation» OR «bone graft» OR «bovine» OR «porcine» OR «autologous» OR «allogenic» OR «xenogeneic» OR «alloplastic» OR «hydroxyapatite» OR «β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)» OR «equine» OR «PRF». Results: The highest bone gain was provided by Bioglass at 42%. Articles written between 2014 and 2024 in English or French, containing human studies and with full text available, were included. Participants were required to be in good general health, without acute, chronic, or congenital diseases, or substance abuse (drugs, alcohol, or nicotine). SL surgery was performed using the lateral approach, with no Schneiderian membrane perforation or postoperative complications. The network meta-analysis was conducted using the R statistical computing environment. To assess the inconsistency between direct and indirect evidence, we used a net heat plot. To evaluate heterogeneity across studies, we used the chi-squared-based Q-test and I² statistic. A significance level of 0.05 was applied throughout all analyses. Results: Allogeneic bovine bone and hydrox yapatite demonstrated the lowest resorption rates. Significant differences were found for residual graft and connective tissue between allogenous bovine bone (ABB) + AlB vs. β-TCP + PRF (p = 0.028); ABB + AlB vs. β-TCP (p = 0.034); ABB + AlB vs. BCP (p = 0.037). Meta-analysis showed that the overall heterogeneity was 51.8% (6.9–75%; p = 0.019), with significant heterogeneity within designs (p = 0.007) and no significant heterogeneity between designs (p = 0.39). AB had a better bone regeneration ratio compared to many of the other interventions, but only two passed the threshold of significance: A1B and B-TCP + AB. Conclusions: A grafting material’s superiority is determined by its new bone formation ratio, connective tissue integration, residual graft content, and bone resorptionratio. Although autologous bone grafting has exhibited superior bone regeneration compared to other biomaterials, it was not favored due to its unpredictable connective tissue concentration and bone resorption ratio. Additionally, autologous bone exhibited the fastest metabolic turnover among all grafting materials.

In oral rehabilitation, the treatment of partial edentulism (PEd) is performed by removable partial dentures (RPD) or assembled prosthetic works (APW) composed of several components, fixed to the prosthetic field (Pa) and a removable one (Pb), in order to facilitate the daily hygiene but also the damping of the occlusal forces applied in mastication. Cobalt-Chromium alloys are materials used to manufacture modern prosthetic assembles. In order for this study to be relevant, it was necessary to standardize the design of the framework (Pa) in terms of shape and volume so that the experiment could be reproducible for the five Co-Cr alloys: 0-A (Co-Cr-Mo), 5-A and 10-A (Co-Cr-Mo-W), 15-A and 16.4-A (Co-Cr-W-Fe) and for the three fabrication methods of dental assembled prosthetic frameworks: refractory duplicate method (RD) resulting removable framework (Pb), direct construction method (DC) resulting removable framework (Pb-) and casting over metal method (CoM) resulting removable framework (Pb+). The time allocated to the adaptation process (AP), mechanical processing and sandblasting, in order to assemble the two components was between 43–70 min, even though the assembly between the Pa-framework and the complementary framework (Pb+) was not necessary, CoM-method hs been provide the elimination of AP step. By applying the arithmetic simple rule of three, the percentages for each of the three methods used were calculated, the values of the difference were obtained. The CoM method improves the joining precision between the components of the removable assembly of prosthetic frameworks by 91.7% compared to the RD method and by 80.62% compared to the DC method. According to the efficiency of the methods used in the precision of joining between frameworks components, their order is: casting over metal, direct construction and refractory duplicate method.

The aim of this review was to search in literature, data regarding the inflammasome, involvement in, oral pathologies (mainly periodontitis) and other diseases and the approaches to control the inflammasome-related pathogenic mechanisms. The review also investigated how phytochemicals and pharmaceutical substances could be used to inhibit the inflammasome activity. Inflammasomes are involved in inflammatory, autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. Pharmaceutical substances can control the inflammasome by three mechanisms: inhibiting of intracellular signaling pathways (Allopurinol and SS-31), blocking inflammasome components (VX-765, Emricasan and VX-740), and inhibiting cytokines mediated by the inflammasome (Canakinumab, Anakinra and Rilonacept). Phytochemical inhibit the inflammasome, by neutralization of reactive oxygen species. Biomaterials functionalized by the adsorption of therapeutic agents on different nanomaterials may represent a future research direction to facilitate multimodal and sequential treatment in oral pathologies.

Background/Objectives: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in long-lived extracellular matrix proteins and have been implicated in skin aging and tissue remodeling, particularly in photo-exposed skin. High-frequency ultrasound (HFU) offers a non-invasive assessment of structural skin parameters that may reflect these changes. This study aimed to explore the associations between serum AGEs and HFU-derived structural parameters of cervico-facial skin, with a focus on UV-exposed dermal tissue. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 113 adults recruited in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Fasting serum samples were analyzed for fructosyl-lysine (FruLys), pyrraline (Pyr), methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 (MG-H1), carboxyethyl-lysine (CEL), carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), arginine (Arg), and lysine (Lys). HFU, using a 22 MHz probe, was performed on the left zygomatic area to assess epidermal depth and density, UV-exposed dermal damage depth and density, dermis depth and density, and subcutaneous tissue depth and density. Associations between serum AGEs and HFU parameters were evaluated using Spearman correlation, with Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction for multiple testing. Results: After FDR correction, epidermal depth was inversely correlated with serum CML (r = −0.402, adjusted p = 0.018). UV-exposed dermal density was inversely correlated with serum Pyr (r = −0.547, adjusted p < 0.019), Arg (r = −0.369, adjusted p < 0.019), and Lys (r = −0.270, adjusted p < 0.019). Subcutaneous tissue depth was also inversely correlated with serum CML (r = −0.290, adjusted p = 0.020). Conclusions: The study showed that higher levels of specific serum AGEs were associated with selected HFU-derived structural alterations in cervico-facial skin, particularly in UV-exposed dermal tissue. These exploratory findings support the biological plausibility that systemic glycation may be reflected by non-invasive skin ultrasound parameters.

The regeneration of the dentin-pulp complex remains a major challenge in regenerative endodontics. While conventional therapeutic approaches are effective in eliminating infection and preserving dental structure, they fail to restore the biological functionality of the pulp tissue. In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) printing and biopolymer-based bioprinting have opened unprecedented opportunities in dental tissue engineering, enabling the fabrication of biomimetic scaffolds with precisely controlled structural and bioactive properties. This review synthesizes current advances in bioprinting technolo-gies, the diversity of biomaterials and bioinks employed, and the various stem cell sources utilized in pulp regeneration. It further examines how the three-dimensional microenvironment modulates cell viability, odontogenic differentiation, and the pro-motion of angiogenesis and neurogenesis, emphasizing the role of scaffold composition, mechanical properties, and internal architecture in influencing regenerative outcomes. Additionally, persistent challenges are discussed, including the optimization of bioink formulations, the achievement of functional vascular integration, and long-term valida-tion of regenerated tissues, underscoring the need for multidisciplinary strategies to fa-cilitate clinical translation. By integrating recent evidence, this review establishes a conceptual framework for the development of personalized and predictable approaches to dentin-pulp complex reconstruction.